American History

LITANY OF THE LAW

MIRANDA V.
ARIZONA
384 U.S. 436,
1966
RIGHT TO SILENCE AND COUNSEL

So familiar is the mantra that TV viewers can chant along with any actor playing a cop taking a suspect into custody: “You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided for you.”

Real officers routinely give that warning. They did not always. The story of that change began on Wednesday, March 13, 1963, when police in Phoenix, Arizona, brought in Ernesto Miranda for questioning. Ten days earlier, a man had

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