COMPLEX CASTEING

wrote, “Long distance voyages have given rise to a new species of nomad. I am referring to those men who travel to so many lands that they end up by belonging to none, who take wives where they find them, and take them only to satisfy their brute needs.” Raynal had in mind ambitious young fortune-seekers like Zephaniah Kingsley. Before he was 40, Kingsley, a roving merchant and slave trader, had sworn allegiance to the United States, Denmark, and Spain, meanwhile sometimes representing himself as a native of Mississippi or Louisiana. He fathered 9 children by four enslaved African women, one of whom was a 13-year-old from Senegal he purchased in Havana in 1806. Kingsley later would free and publicly acknowledge Anta Majigeen Ndaiye as his wife by the