Safeguarding Cultural Properties: Security for Museums, Libraries, Parks, and Zoos
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About this ebook
Safeguarding Cultural Properties is a step-by-step guide for creating and maintaining a comprehensive security program in any cultural facility or public institution. Author Stevan P. Layne, the leading expert in the field of cultural property protection, draws from his many years of experience providing protection training and planning to more than 350 cultural and public institutions around the world.
Designed especially for those with limited security budgets, the book provides a proven and effective program for hiring the right security personnel, selecting the appropriate electronic security systems, and coordinating critical emergency response, along with all the other security issues unique to the needs of a cultural institution. For individuals responsible for the protection of the people, assets, and collections, Safeguarding Cultural Properties saves time and money by providing the essential resources needed for creating a short- and long-term protection plan.
- The only how-to manual written specifically for security managers of museums, libraries, zoos, and other public and private historic sites
- Suitable for both large and small cultural institutions, it covers topics such as personnel security, fire protection, physical security, emergency response, theft protection, and more
- Provides actionable, cost-effective solutions for institutions with limited security budgets and resources
Stevan P. Layne
Steve Layne is an internationally recognized authority on the protection of cultural properties, guard force management, and training. He is the founding director of the International Foundation for Cultural Property Protection (IFCPP) and responsible for the development of its widely acclaimed certification programs. Steve is a former police chief, public safety director, and museum security director. He currently heads an international consulting firm assisting business, industry, and government, to include several hundred cultural and educational institutions. Steve served as a provost marshal in the U.S. Army followed by over 30 years in law enforcement and private security. He is a Certified Protection Professional, Certified Institutional Protection Manager and Instructor, and a Certified MOAB (Management of Aggressive Behavior) Instructor. Steve resides in Nokomis, Florida and Denver Colorado.
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Safeguarding Cultural Properties - Stevan P. Layne
Safeguarding Cultural Properties
Security for Museums, Libraries, Parks, and Zoos
Stevan P. Layne
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Disclaimer
Preface
Chapter 1. Emergency Preparedness
Define the Mission
The Plan
Challenges
Incident Command System
The Emergency Operations Center
Emergency Medical Response
Appendix: Bomb Threats
Business Continuity Outline
Business Recovery Procedures/Processes
Information Technology Systems
Outside Emergency Resources
Insurance Issues for Cultural Properties
Disaster Preparedness Checklist
Emergency Information and Skills Inventory
Emergency Notification Contacts
Emergency Response Fact Sheet
Emergency Preparedness Checklist
Suicide Bomber Indicators
Chapter 2. Security Officer Code of Conduct
The Officer’s Code
Chapter 3. Personnel Security: Screening, Hiring, Training, and Guard Force Management
Personnel
Background Verification
The Interview
Position Descriptions
Training
Guard Force Management
Rules and Regulations
Documenting Suspicious Activity
The Firing Decision
Conclusion
Appendix: Selecting Electronic Systems
Chapter 4. Legal Rights and Restrictions
Probable Cause
Reasonable Suspicion
Right to Search
Detention
Arrest
Trespass
Civil Liability
Criminal Liability
Use of Force
Chapter 5. Physical Security
Appendix: Alarm Systems
Chapter 6. Fire Protection
Examples of Fires at Cultural Institutions
Preventative Measures
Chapter 7. Customer Service and Visitor Relations
Chapter 8. Emergency Evacuations
Building Evacuation Policy
Chapter 9. Theft Prevention
Theft Policy
Key Control
Package Inspection
External Theft
Chapter 10. Documentation: Report Writing and Establishing a Paper Trail
Daily Activity Log
Closing Inspections
Conclusion
Chapter 11. Protecting Valuable Collections
The Importance of Patrols
Best Practices
Collection Storage
Libraries are Different!
Chapter 12. Protecting Rare Book Collections
Security vs Access and Denial vs Reporting/Acknowledgment
Chapter 13. Unruly Patrons and Conflict Resolution
First Response
Noncompliance
Ejection Procedure
Summary
Chapter 14. Use of Force
Sample Use of Force Policy
The Continuum of Force Matrix
Chapter 15. Workplace Violence Prevention
Violence Prevention Checklist Ten Warning Signs
Conclusion
Appendix: Active Shooter Response
Chapter 16. Retail Theft Prevention and Apprehension
Cash Handling Policy
Shoplifter Characteristics
Recovery
Chapter 17. Special Events Protection
Contractor Requirements
Cultural Property Protection Resources
Index
Copyright
Acquiring Editor: Brian Romer
Editorial Project Manager: Keira Bunn
Project Manager: Punithavathy Govindaradjane
Designer: Mark Rogers
Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier
225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1 GB, UK
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods or professional practices, may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information or methods described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Layne, Stevan P.
Safeguarding cultural properties : security for museums, libraries, parks, and zoos / Stevan P. Layne.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-12-420112-5 (alk. paper)
1. Cultural property–Protection–Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Cultural property–Security measures–Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Museums–Management–Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Library administration–Handbooks, manuals, etc. 5. Parks–Management–Handbooks, manuals, etc. 6. Zoos–Management–Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title.
AM141.L23 2014
025.8′3–dc23
2014005930
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN: 978-0-12-420112-5
For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at store.elsevier.com
This book has been manufactured using Print On Demand technology. Each copy is produced to order and is limited to black ink. The online version of this book will show color figures where appropriate.
Dedication
This book is dedicated to the memory of Col. Robert B. Burke, Jr (Ret.) and LTC Jay W. Chambers, Sr (Ret.). Bob Burke was the inspirational Director of the Office of Protective Services at the Smithsonian Institution and Jay Chambers served as his Chief of Security. Upon my entry into the field of cultural property protection I was strongly influenced by the friendship, encouragement, and selflessness of these two fine gentlemen, who are greatly missed.
Col. Robert B. Burke Jr.
LTC Jay W. Chambers Sr.
Disclaimer
This book is a basic guideline for administrators, managers, security supervisors, human resources personnel, and others involved in the protection of cultural properties. The information contained herein is provided to assist in the prevention of incidents that may occur in any locale. None of the recommendations, policies, or procedures contained herein are intended, nor should they be considered, to be legal advice. Readers are advised to review all new policies with competent legal counsel who are familiar with federal, state, and local laws, before initiating these procedures.
Stevan P. Layne, CPP, CIPM, CIPI, Layne Consultants International, and their associates assume no responsibility or liability for acts resulting from the use of these guidelines. Readers should understand that no one can predict the intentional or unintentional acts of individuals, performance of electronic equipment, acts of nature, or combination of factors, and regardless, the author is not responsible for injury, loss of life, loss of property, or other damages, which may occur. Recommendations are made in a generic sense of reasonable operating philosophies, staffing considerations, and levels of training.
Preface
We are, in the practical definition, a country at war. The horrific acts of a dedicated corps of fanatics on September 11, 2001 was an introduction to what may well become a long-term siege by pockets of individuals, cells,
and even groups of extremists whose stated objective is the destabilization of our country, the destruction of our government, and killing Americans. While we cannot cease to function as a free society, we must make significant changes to the way we think about our protection, how we travel, how we conduct our business, whom we hire, and how we look at our daily operations. An individual business or institution may not, in itself, be a direct target of domestic terrorism. Our public and private institutions, however, may be targeted because of their connections to government, the high value of its assets, or even the likelihood of finding a large number of Americans gathered there. The bombings at the 117th Boston Marathon point out the suspected intent of random killing, and the ease with which individuals may bypass reasonable prevention measures, especially at a large public gathering. Public institutions may also be targeted by disturbed present or former employees, criminals with a planned agenda, persons involved in domestic disputes, persons under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or mentally unbalanced persons who strike without warning.
Preventing Terrorist Acts and Armed Intrusion by Others
There is a combination of physical and procedural security measures that have been in existence for some time that every type of organization should consider. The secret to success in this effort, as in most prevention programs, is awareness. You will never have enough security officers, video cameras, or other protection measures in place to observe every act, report every violation, or bar every entry. You do, however, have a front line offense just waiting to be activated. It is not just a convenience, but a crucial responsibility, of every single employee, volunteer, and even visitor, to report any suspicious activity, person, or object found on your property. You must make everyone aware of that responsibility, to be actively alert, every hour of every day. And you must make the lines of communication open and simple to activate. Your attitude should be one of zero tolerance for any lack of immediate response to obviously suspicious or illicit activity.
I suggest you try what works for me on a regular basis. Upon entering any public facility, especially those with high value collections, I look at the obvious measures taken, (or neglected) by management, to present a visible deterrent to wrongful activity. On rare occasions, I find a sharply dressed, alert staff member who greets everyone entering. When I find entry personnel poorly dressed, talking on the phone, talking with a coworker, reading, or even snoozing, it tells me management is spending far too much time in the office.
Persons involved in subversive or illegal activities are not all rocket scientists. They make mistakes, take foolish chances, and engage in suspicious activities. It is our nature to not want to get involved.
That was yesterday. For our own safety, in fact, for our very survival, it is now necessary for all of us to become the eyes and ears of our country, and to be diligent in our observations.
Some of the following pages offer recommendations for most institutions to utilize in the formation of an emergency operations plan. Every type of business or institution needs to be prepared to deal with emergencies of a traumatic nature. Do not assume anything. Be prepared to take positive actions to protect staff, visitors, vendors, and the assets of the institution. We are prudent to take positive, reasonable steps to prevent injury or loss from any perceived threat. Form an emergency action team now. It does not matter what you call it, a crisis response team, threat management team, or just the team. Whatever its designation, you need a core group to monitor, manage, and prepare to handle crisis events. These are the people who may be depended upon to handle any situation, and to help you keep a bad incident from getting worse.
And this should be no surprise: someone needs to be in charge! All the time! At 2:00 a.m., if a fire breaks out, the fire department will take charge of putting out the fire. Who takes charge of what your staff does, or does not do, at 2:00 a.m.? We are talking about the latest buzz phrase, incident command. It is the designation of one person (the incident commander) in charge of your institution’s critical decisions, every day. This designation needs to be published and distributed to the staff. Alternate leaders should also be designated if the incident commander becomes disabled or unavailable.¹
¹ See Incident Command Systems in Chapter 10.
Chapter 1
Emergency Preparedness
Abstract
This chapter offers guidelines to prepare to deal with disasters or incidents both small and large. The institution needs to be prepared to protect visitors, staff, and others from any threat. Some of the procedures necessary for protecting lives and assets are outlined. Working with emergency response agencies also needs coordination and preparation. Guidelines for forming a better working relationship with these agencies are included. Each institution needs to determine its capabilities to protect and formulate a plan for dealing with crisis. Steps in putting together a plan and formulating a mission based on realistic capabilities are offered. A description of the Incident Command System with a breakdown of its operational goals is presented. This chapter also outlines the responsibilities of public institutions in not only providing aid where needed, but in the ancillary services that accompany any medical emergency.
Keywords
Automatic External Defibrillator (AED); Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); Emergency medical response; Emergency Medical Service (EMS); Emergency Operations Center; Emergency preparedness; First responder; Good Samaritan Law; Hostage survival; Incident Command System; Mission planning
Contents
Define the Mission 2
The Plan 2
Challenges 4
Incident Command System 6
The Emergency Operations Center 8
Hostage Survival 9
Emergency Medical Response 10
Appendix: Bomb Threats 13
Bomb Threat Form 13
Business Continuity Outline 14
Business Recovery Procedures/Processes 14
Information Technology Systems 14
Outside Emergency Resources 15
Insurance Issues for Cultural Properties 15
Contractor of Choice List 16
Disaster Preparedness Checklist 17
Emergency Information and Skills Inventory 17
Emergency Notification Contacts 19
Emergency Response Fact Sheet 20
Emergency Preparedness Checklist 22
At the Facility 22
At Home 22
Suicide Bomber Indicators 23
I know you thought your job was to protect the artwork,
or keep food and drink out of library stacks,
or other tasks associated with protecting valuable collections. Those responsibilities have not gone away. However, in today’s increasingly violent society the possibility of a violent act taking place on your property appears to be greater than in years past. More adults, as well as children are found to be carrying weapons. Larger numbers of persons living on the streets
contributes to acts, which the perpetrator may believe is an act of survival. The conduct of open public events, which many institutions present as methods of drawing attention to their collections, may also enhance the presence of persons under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol, which we are told has a direct relationship to the conduct of violent acts.
In addition to preparing for emergencies such as violent acts and hostage situations, this chapter covers recommendations for emergency medical response.
Define the Mission
Your protection program should begin with a plan. The plan should be based upon your perceived mission, further defined by the published mission, and