Everand Logo

Welcome to Everand!

  • Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

    Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

    An Introduction To Digital Design
    An Introduction To Digital Design
    An Introduction To Digital Design
    Ebook199 pages1 hour

    An Introduction To Digital Design

    By Jason King

    2/5

    ()

    Read preview

    About this ebook

    A systematic study of Digital Design techniques and circuit analysis, culminating in 4 major design and build projects involving numerous types of digital circuits and concepts.

    Scattered throughout the text are 36 research and study questions making this book suitable for both personal and group study. To enhance the learning experience the workbook includes more than 160 diagrams, charts and circuits!

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherJason King
    Release dateSep 22, 2014
    ISBN9781311471109
    An Introduction To Digital Design
    Author

    Jason King

    Lives in Geelong, Australia. Born 1971 Married with 4 boys Upcoming Books include: - An Introduction to AI Coding - An Introduction to Microprocessors Thank you to Marcus Hayden for the sepia icon artwork used throughout my study books. www.art.mdhayden.com

    Read more from Jason King

    Related to An Introduction To Digital Design

    Related ebooks

    Electrical Engineering & Electronics For You

    View More
    View More

    Related podcast episodes

    Related articles

    • Article

      Learning Curve

      Aug 1, 2019

      Learning Curve
      6 min read

    • Article

      How Integrated Circuits Work

      Jun 11, 2020

      How Integrated Circuits Work
      1 min read

    • Article

      Electrical Wiring Fault Finding

      Oct 30, 2019

      Electrical Wiring Fault Finding
      5 min read

    • Article

      Arduino Nano 33 IOT

      Jan 27, 2020

      Arduino Nano 33 IOT
      2 min read

    • Article

      Arduino And Pi Together

      Feb 11, 2020

      The Arduino and Raspberry Pi are two very different products, but they both cater for eager hackers and makers. What if we could connect an Arduino to our Pi and use it as a slave device? One that reacts to input and sends the output to our Raspberry

      3 min read

    • Article

      Arduino Nano Every

      Jan 27, 2020

      Arduino Nano Every
      2 min read

    • Article

      Active Audio Filter Design

      Jul 1, 2019

      Active Audio Filter Design
      4 min read

    • Article

      Math’s Notes

      Aug 1, 2020

      Math’s Notes
      4 min read

    • Article

      Emulate An Analogue Computer Digitally

      Jan 9, 2024

      Don’t miss next issue, subscribe on page 16! From the pioneering machines of the ’40s to the home computers of the ’80s, we’ve put F some fascinating computers through their paces via emulation in LXF. But they were all digital, and this ignores an i

      12 min read

    • Article

      Analog Adventures

      Aug 1, 2019

      Analog Adventures
      5 min read

    • Article

      Interfacing To Single Board Computers

      Nov 16, 2021

      Mike Bedford With a degree in computer science, but a long standing interest in electronics, Mike likes to straddle the great divide with a foot in both camps - hardware and software. For many users, a major benefit of single board computers like the

      11 min read

    • Article

      Math’s Notes

      Oct 1, 2019

      Math’s Notes
      4 min read

    • Article

      Math’s Notes

      Mar 1, 2021

      Math’s Notes
      3 min read

    • Article

      Analog Adventures

      Jun 1, 2023

      Analog Adventures
      5 min read

    • Article

      Math’s Notes

      Jul 1, 2022

      Math’s Notes
      4 min read

    Related categories

    Reviews for An Introduction To Digital Design

    2/5

    1 rating0 reviews

    What did you think?

    Tap to rate

    Review must be at least 10 words

      Book preview

      An Introduction To Digital Design - Jason King

      Introduction to Digital Design

      Published by Jason King at Smashwords

      Copyright 2014 Jason King

      Smashwords Edition, License Notes

      This eBook is licensed for your personal education and enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or copies passed on. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each recipient.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      All images produced by Jason King using MS PowerPoint and MS Paint, except for the sepia icons which were created by Marcus Hayden under paid contract from the author.

      Contents

      1 Introduction

      1.1 Workbook Overview

      1.2 Logic Gates

      2 Designing Logic Circuits

      2.1 Boolean Algebra

      2.2 K-Maps

      2.3 State Diagrams

      2.4 Equivalent Circuits

      3 Building Logic Circuits

      3.1 Comparator

      3.2 Binary Coded Decimal

      3.3 Adder

      3.4 Subtracter

      3.5 Encoder

      3.6 Multiplexor and De-multiplexor

      3.7 Multivibrators

      3.8 Latches and Flip-Flops

      3.9 Shift Registers

      3.10 Counters

      3.11 Timers and Clocks

      3.12 UART

      3.13 Timing Considerations

      4 Interfacing

      4.1 Relay Isolator

      4.2 Opto-Coupler

      4.3 Digital to Analogue Conversion

      4.4 Analogue to Digital Conversion

      4.5 Displays

      4.6 Power Supplies

      4.7 RS232 Conversion

      4.8 Memory

      5 Projects

      5.1 Combination Lock

      5.2 Electronic Dice

      5.3 Traffic Lights

      5.4 Ten Pin Bowling

      6 Closing

      7 Task and Project Solutions

      1 Introduction

      It is said that we live in a digital simulation and that everything from light, sound, matter etc operates at discrete digital increments. Indeed, Planck’s Length for example suggests space is made up of increments of approximately 1.616x10-35 meters. As another example Planck’s time consists of 5.391x10-44 second increments.

      Everything you may have therefore though of as Analogue in nature should technically be defined as Digital (of very high resolution).

      Consider the possibilities of a Digital world while enjoying this brief introduction to the topic.

      1.1 Workbook Overview

      This study will introduce you to the world of digital logic and design and explore the foundational element of digital circuits, the Logic Gate. We will then expand into digital circuit design, specialist Integrated Circuits and finally put the theory into practice by designing and building 4 projects.

      Scattered throughout each chapter are research and study tasks making this book suitable for both personal and group study.

      Basic electronic (Analogue and Digital) understanding is assumed.

      TASK 1: Find out who Charles Babbage was and what contribution he made to computing logic.

      1.2 Logic Gates

      The binary digits 0 and 1 are what first come to mind when the word Digital is mentioned in the vicinity of electronics mined people. In terms of electronics, Digital refers to discrete quantities or values as apposed to analogue which refers to infinitely variable values.

      Note: Something to ponder. Research in the field of quantum physics suggests the entire universe and everything within it can be considered as a digital simulation in that every measurable quantity is quantized into discrete indivisible units. I.e. there is no such things as analogue quantities, just very high resolution digital samples that appear contiguous.

      Using the binary system for electronic design has many benefits including:

      - Two digits can easily be represented electrically by the two states electricity on and electricity off, voltage high/low, polarity +/- etc.

      - A language or coded way of representing logic can be constructed using the two digits.

      - Mathematical calculations can be easily and quickly represented and performed.

      - Others?

      Once the binary standard is selected to construct the electronic language, a standard has to be defined as to what electrical voltage levels would represent a digital 1 and digital 0. The 5 volt standard was derived by default from the operating requirements of the TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic) developed in 1961 and first implemented into an IC (integrated circuit) as digital logic switches (or gates).

      CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) technology developed in 1963 uses the same 5V levels but with slightly different logic levels due to the chemical makeup of the gate.

      Operational differences between TTL and CMOS technology do exist though:

      - CMOS have high noise immunity, lower static (rest) power consumption, less wasted heat, allow for higher chip densities and have faster operation that TTL.

      - CMOS disadvantages include higher power consumption with increases of clock speed, more complex design rules and sensitive to electrostatic discharges.

      For these reasons and others, designs will typically use a combination of technology to suit the particular use.

      Figure 1 – Digital Logic Levels.

      Voltage levels within a circuit can be effected by load resistance, interference, distance etc resulting in the logic levels not being high or low enough to accurately represent the intended binary digit. Logic gate IC’s are designed with an eternal power supply so that influence on the processed logic in minimized.

      The TTL related voltage diagram below shows:

      A) A clear 5volt high signal representing a digital logic 1.

      B) A clear 0volt low signal representing a digital logic 0.

      C) A floating signal that is undefined and could be miss-read by the logic as either a 1 or a 0.

      D) A weak signal that may or may not be high long enough to be registered as a logic 1.

      E) A pulsating signal that obviously wants to be a logic 1 but may not be high long enough to trigger the required input. The spike that goes above 5volts may also cause some internal damage.

      Figure 2 – Logic Level Scenarios.

      Rise time (and conversely fall time) is the time it takes for a logic state to change from one to another. Delays are typically caused by capacitance, inductance and resistances within the circuit. These time factors can also have an effect of weather a logic signal is able to trigger the required circuitry. Worth noting is that the logic sensing/switching gate requires a power supply itself.

      Let us now look at the various types of digital logic gates.

      The logic NOT gate is the most basic of all the gates. It simply inverts the input so that if the input is a high (binary digit 1) then the output is a low (binary digit 0) and vice versa, hence it is sometimes refereed to an as inverter. The chart below left indicates the state of the output for a given input. In the field of Digital electronics this chart is referred to as a Truth Table.

      Figure 3 – NOT Gate truth table and symbol.

      The NOT gate symbol is a triangle with the input and output leads in the position as shown in the above right image. The output tip of the triangle will have a small circle which represents the fact that the

      Enjoying the preview?
      Page 1 of 1