Railroad Depots of Central Ohio
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Mark J . Camp
Mark J. Camp, a geology professor at the University of Toledo, serves as a national director of the Railroad Station Historical Society. His other Images of Rail titles include Railroad Depots of Northwest Ohio and Railroad Depots of West Central Ohio.
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Railroad Depots of Central Ohio - Mark J . Camp
1830–1989.
INTRODUCTION
The initial growth and prosperity of many small communities in central Ohio was dependent on the railroads built through this region in the mid- to late 1800s. Shelby welcomed its first passenger train in 1846 along the Monroeville and Sandusky City Railroad; by 1851, trains of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad were stopping at Shelby Junction. The first lines to enter Columbus were the Columbus and Xenia Railroad in 1850, the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad in 1851, and the Central Ohio and Columbus, Piqua and Indiana Railroads in 1853. The Springfield, Delaware and Mount Vernon Railroad served Delaware and Marysville by 1854. Mansfield and Newark were connected by the Columbus and Lake Erie Railroad in 1852. By 1857, the Cincinnati, Wilmington and Zanesville Railroad reached Bremen. These lines eventually came under control of the Baltimore and Ohio, New York Central, and Pennsylvania lines and were joined in the later 1800s by predecessors of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway; Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad; Norfolk and Western Railway; and more New York Central and Pennsylvania Railroad precursors.
The railroads were responsible for the platting of a number of towns including Brice and Summit Station. At each town, a depot was eventually erected to handle passenger and freight business. Depots were also necessary at railroad junctions to provide a means of interchange. It is estimated that during the heyday of railroad travel, some 265 depots dotted the central counties of Ohio.
The first depots were often small utilitarian structures, sometimes a mere roof over a wood or gravel platform. Others rather looked like barns through which the trains ran, for example the 1862 Columbus union station. If a community already existed, a hotel or inn might have served as the initial depot. As railroad travel became the fashion, depots evolved into a standard three-room structure with space for the agent and staff, a passenger waiting room, and a freight room. Beginning in the late 1800s, railroad construction crews modified some depots by lengthening the freight and or passenger ends to fit the local needs. In larger towns and cities, for example Delaware and Mount Vernon, separate passenger, baggage, and freight depots were erected; while in smaller communities like Pickerington and Ostrander, combination passenger-freight depots were the rule. As towns grew in population and importance to the railroad, the original combination depot may have been converted to freight use and a new passenger depot constructed; such was the case at Delaware on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad (Big Four) line. A union depot or station was a design serving two or more railroads, often constructed at junction points, for example Lancaster and Mansfield, or in major rail hubs, like Columbus.
The town depot rapidly became the gathering place for the local populace. Before the common use of radios and telephones, the depot was the communication center to the outside world. News arrived daily over the telegraph and from passengers and trainmen. The depot was commonly open 24 hours with varying numbers of local, express, and mail trains arriving at scheduled intervals. Near train-time, the depot became a beehive of activity. Inside, the waiting room was often jammed with travelers and well-wishers, either sitting on the robust hardwood benches or milling about, scanning the colorful advertisements and travel posters plastered on the walls. A line of travelers stretched into the center of the room from the little wrought iron grid of the ticket window behind which a uniformed clerk and agent hurriedly filled requests. The distant blast of the familiar whistle acted as a magnet, drawing people out onto the platform. Here a baggage clerk busily readied wagons piled high with luggage and mail. A newsboy hawked papers, as the train hissed into the station with bell ringing, handing them to passengers on the train through open coach windows. Greetings were exchanged as friends and relatives returned home and others debarked on their journeys. Horse-drawn buggies from local hotels awaited visitors in search of a place to stay. After a few routine maintenance checks the train was on its way again. In the depot office, the telegrapher was sending word to the next station that the train had left on time.
The arrival of the automobile spelled doom for railroad passenger service, and by the end of World War II, many trains had been discontinued and depots abandoned. Many were demolished, burned, or allowed to decay to the point that they collapsed, some were relocated and used in various ways, and others were used for storage or maintenance operations by the railroad. With the continued decline of passenger service in the 1950s and 1960s, only a few depots remained open to passengers, namely those in major towns. Many were demoted to strictly freight use; many lost their agent. Amtrak brought renewed life to a select few of the still-existing depots in 1971. But the service was short-lived, and once again, central Ohio was without passenger trains.
Following is a compilation of photographs, many taken from early postcards—an attempt to present the wide variety of structures once present and to emphasize their importance to their respective communities in 17 central Ohio counties. The boundaries of this study are roughly Richland, Morrow, and Delaware Counties to the north; Union, Madison, and Fayette