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    Amber Gemstones - A Collection of Historical Articles on the Origins, Properties and Uses of Amber
    Amber Gemstones - A Collection of Historical Articles on the Origins, Properties and Uses of Amber
    Amber Gemstones - A Collection of Historical Articles on the Origins, Properties and Uses of Amber
    Ebook60 pages57 minutes

    Amber Gemstones - A Collection of Historical Articles on the Origins, Properties and Uses of Amber

    By Read Books Ltd.

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    About this ebook

    This book contains classic material dating back to the 1900s and before. The content has been carefully selected for its interest and relevance to a modern audience. Carefully selecting the best articles from our collection we have compiled a series of historical and informative publications on the subjects of gemology and crystallography. The titles in this range include "Gemstone Manufacturing" "The Optical Properties of Gemstones and Crystals" "The Thirty-Two Classes of Crystal Symmetry" and many more. Each publication has been professionally curated and includes all details on the original source material. This particular instalment, "Amber Gemstones" contains information on their properties, origins, uses and much more. Intended to illustrate the main features of amber it is a comprehensive guide for anyone wishing to obtain a general knowledge of the subject and to understand the field in its historical context. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherRead Books Ltd.
    Release dateMay 6, 2015
    ISBN9781473394520
    Amber Gemstones - A Collection of Historical Articles on the Origins, Properties and Uses of Amber

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      Book preview

      Amber Gemstones - A Collection of Historical Articles on the Origins, Properties and Uses of Amber - Read Books Ltd.

      Whitlock

      AMBER.

      A fossilized gum or resin found in irregular masses of all shades of yellow, from the palest primrose to the deepest orange, sometimes brown. Its lustre is resinous or waxy, and varies from transparent to opaque. The compositions are, carbon, 78·96; hydrogen, 10·51; oxygen, 10·52. It becomes negatively electric by friction. According to Goeppert, amber is the mineralized resin of extinct coniferæ, one of which he has named Pinites succinifer, or amber-bearing pine-tree.

      Amber is found in abundance on the Prussian coast of the Baltic, from Dantzig to Memel, also on the coast of Denmark, in Sweden, Norway, Moravia, Poland, Switzerland, and in France. It is also found on the Sicilian coast near Catania, at Hasen Island in Greenland, and occasionally on the coast of Norfolk, Essex, Sussex, and Kent.

      That found on the coast is distinguished as marine amber. The other description, called terrestrial amber, is dug out of mines, and is generally found in alluvial deposits of sand and clay, associated with fossil wood, iron pyrites, and alum shale.

      Insects and other animals frequently occur enclosed in it. They appear to have been entangled in the viscous substance while alive. In the Beresford Hope Collection is a piece of amber in which is a small fish.

      Yellow amber, cut in facets or simply in heads for bracelets and necklaces, was in fashion some years ago. At the present day it is chiefly used in the east by the Turks, Egyptians, Arabs, Persians, and the natives of India, to ornament their pipes, arms, the saddles and bridles of their horses. At the present day in Europe it is still used for the mouthpieces of pipes. The translucent yellow variety is the rarest and the most prized by the Orientals. In the Museum of Mineralogy in Paris is the handle of a cane made of pure limpid yellow amber. The semi-opaque or clouded variety was much prized in England in the age of Pope and Gay.

      "Next in rank after murrhina and crystal, Pliny writes, among the objects of luxury, we have amber (succinum), an article which, for the present, however, is in request among women only.

      There can be no doubt, he continues, "that amber is a product of the islands of the Northern Ocean, and that it is the substance by the Germans called glœsum. Amber is produced from a marrow discharged by trees belonging to the pine genus, like a gum from the cherry, and resin from the ordinary pine. It is a liquid at first, which issues forth in considerable quantities, and is gradually hardened by heat or cold, or else by the action of the sea, when the rise of the tide carries off the fragments from the shores of these islands. At all events, it is thrown up upon the coasts in so light a form that in the shallows it has all the appearance of hanging suspended in the water. Our forefathers, too, were of opinion that it is the juice of a tree, and for this reason gave it the name of succinum, and one great proof that it is the produce of a tree of the pine genus is the fact that it emits a pine-like smell when rubbed, and that it burns, when ignited, with the odour and appearance of torch-pine

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