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    Australian Wheat Varieties: Identification According to Plant, Head and Grain Characteristics
    Australian Wheat Varieties: Identification According to Plant, Head and Grain Characteristics
    Australian Wheat Varieties: Identification According to Plant, Head and Grain Characteristics
    Ebook225 pages1 hour

    Australian Wheat Varieties: Identification According to Plant, Head and Grain Characteristics

    By RW Fitzsimmons, RH Martin and CW Wrigley

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    About this ebook

    This handbook provides a practical description of wheat grain, heads and plants at several growth stages. It is designed to assist in distinguishing varieties currently grown throughout Australia, in the regions where each is usually grown. It is directed at a broad audience, including those involved with the grain trade at all stages, from seed production, through growing and harvesting, to receival and segregation, sales and utilization.

    Although Australia-wide in its overall approach, it is hoped that the handbook will form a basis to meet specialised local needs. Thus smaller sets of sheets, relating to local groups of varieties, might be selected and additional comments added, in the space provided, relating to the particular locality and season. In such a case, the characters that show the greatest differences between the particular varieties should be selected for identification.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherCSIRO PUBLISHING
    Release dateJun 1, 1983
    ISBN9780643106161
    Australian Wheat Varieties: Identification According to Plant, Head and Grain Characteristics

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      Book preview

      Australian Wheat Varieties - RW Fitzsimmons

      AUSTRALIAN

      WHEAT VARIETIES

      IDENTIFICATION ACCORDING TO

      PLANT, HEAD AND GRAIN CHARACTERISTICS

      SECOND EDITION

      R. W. Fitzsimmons

      Department of Agriculture, Sydney, N.S. W. 2000

      R. H. Martin

      Department of Agriculture, Temora, N.S. W. 2666

      and

      C. W. Wrigley

      CSIRO Wheat Research Unit, North Ryde, N.S. W. 2113

      COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC

      AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION

      National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry

      Fitzsimmons, R. W. (Roger William).

      Australian wheat varieties.

      2nd ed.

      Previous ed.: Canberra: Commonwealth Scientific

      and Industrial Research Organization, 1975.

      ISBN 0 643 03545 1.

      1. Wheat—Australia—Varieties.

      I. Martin, R. H. II. Wrigley, C. W.

      III. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial

      Research Organization (Australia). IV. Title.

      633.1′17′0994

      First published 1979

      © CSIRO 1983

      Published by CSIRO Editorial and Publications Service

      314 Albert Street, East Melbourne, Vic., Australia 3002

      Contents

      Title

      Copyright

      Preface and Acknowledgments

      Introduction

      General information about varieties

      Explanation of plant characters

      3–6 leaf stage

      6–8 leaf stage

      Flowering stage

      Maturity

      Explanation of head characters

      Explanation of grain characters

      Selected bibliography

      Summary key to descriptions at 3–6 leaf stage

      Summary key to descriptions at 6–8 leaf stage

      Summary key to description of heads

      Summary key to description of grain

      Descriptions of varieties

      Aroona

      Avocet

      Banks

      Bindawarra

      Bodallin

      Canna

      Condor

      Cook

      Duramba

      Durati

      Eagle

      Egret

      Eradu

      Festiguay

      Finders

      Gamenya

      Gatcher

      Halberd

      Harrier

      Hybrid Titan

      Isis

      Jacup

      Katyil

      Kewell

      Kite

      Lance

      Madden

      Miling

      Millewa

      Olympic

      Oxley

      Shortim

      Songlen

      Sunkota

      Teal

      Terra

      Timgalen

      Tincurrin

      Warigal

      Warimba

      Wialki

      Preface to the Second Edition

      This second edition of ‘Australian Wheat Varieties’ is provided in response to the continuing need for information on the visual identification of wheat varieties in Australia. The first edition (1975), its reprinting (1979), and the supplement to it (1978) have proved popular with the grain industry. The second edition includes 18 wheats registered since preparation of the Supplement, together with reprinted descriptions of 23 others considered to be still important, and the introductory section which would otherwise not be available as the first edition is out of print. Relatively little revision of the varietal descriptions or of the explanation of terms has been necessary in the second edition, but some new information on older wheats has been added, particularly concerning disease resistance. The second edition does not include the illustrations, in Supplement No.1, of grain defects, foreign seeds and insects of grain.

      Acknowledgments

      We appreciate assistance given by Departments of Agriculture/Primary Industries and by grain marketing and handling authorities. In particular, we are grateful for the provision of samples and plant descriptions by Geoff Ferns (Vic.), Ray Hare (N.S.W.), Gil Hollamby (S.A.), Lindsay O’Brien (Vic.), Jeff Reeves (W.A.) and Dave Rosser (Old).

      The technical assistance of Robyn Smith (CSIRO Wheat Research Unit) is gratefUlly acknowledged. We thank Will Rushton (CSIRO Division of Food Research) for colour photography.

      Introduction

      This handbook provides a practical description of wheat grain, heads and plants at several growth stages. It is designed to assist in distinguishing varieties currently grown throughout Australia, in the regions where each is usually grown. It is directed at a broad audience, including those involved with the grain trade at all stages, from seed production, through growing and harvesting, to receival and segregation, sales and utilization.

      Although Australia-wide in its overall approach, it is hoped that the handbook will form a basis to meet specialized local needs. Thus smaller sets of sheets, relating to local groups of varieties, might be selected and additional comments added, in the space provided, relating to the particular locality and season. In such a case, the characters that show the greatest differences between the particular varieties should be selected for identification.

      Use of the Handbook

      Visual identification of wheat varieties might be considered comparable to the identification of handwriting. Although an individual writes a particular word or letter slightly differently each time, there is always a consistent and characteristic similarity. In the same way, although no two wheat grains are identical, observation of certain characteristics can be used as a basis for identification.

      When examining-wheat samples the main requirement is experience. This handbook is offered as a reference and as an aid in gaining familiarity with wheat varieties. However, it is not a substitute for experience nor is it intended primarily as a training book. For characters that involve dimensions, actual sizes are indicated in the handbook. In the early stages, measurement of samples using a metric rule or vernier calipers will be necessary, but it is hoped that with experience actual measurement will be needed only occasionally.

      Even in expert hands, it cannot be expected that visual examination of a sample will always provide absolute identification, especially if, for example, only grain is available. If necessary, preliminary visual identification can be augmented by further examination at a central site using specialized procedures, such as pathogen resistance of seedlings, or various laboratory tests on the grain, including the phenol test, protein electrophoresis and quantitative hardness testing. (See Selected Bibliography.) In contrast with visual examination, these methods can be applied satisfactorily even to atypical grain (e.g. pinched, shrunken).

      How the Book was Prepared

      The head and grain characters chosen were those that could be most readily assessed and that varied least with growth site and season. Nevertheless, some variation is inevitable and the descriptions given are those generally found. The characters considered most reliable are ranked earliest in the list for each stage or form of sample.

      Characters used are partly based on those of Symes (1958) with further assistance from Briggle and Reitz (1963) and several other similar publications. (See Selected Bibliography.) Plant growth characters were mainly chosen by R. W. Fitzsimmons and R. H. Martin as a result of observations over a number of years. Descriptive terms and cut-off ranges, chosen to suit the set of varieties considered, may differ from those used in other systems designed for a wider diversity of wheats.

      The summary keys or tables are arranged so that they can be used as a key for varietal identification.

      Varieties and sites were selected in consultation with officers of the State Departments of Agriculture, who

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