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Thermodynamics II Essentials
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REA’s Essentials provide quick and easy access to critical information in a variety of different fields, ranging from the most basic to the most advanced. As its name implies, these concise, comprehensive study guides summarize the essentials of the field covered. Essentials are helpful when preparing for exams, doing homework and will remain a lasting reference source for students, teachers, and professionals. Thermodynamics II includes review of thermodynamic relations, power and refrigeration cycles, mixtures and solutions, chemical reactions, chemical equilibrium, and flow through nozzles and blade passages.
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Book preview
Thermodynamics II Essentials - The Editors of REA
SOLVERS
CHAPTER 8
THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONS
8.1 THE MAXWELL RELATIONS
The Maxwell Relations are:
(8.1)
(8.2)
(8.3)
(8.4)
These relations are important because they relate the entropy to easily measured properties - pressure, volume and temperature.
8.2 CLAPEYRON EQUATION
The Clapeyron Equation is an important relation involving the saturation pressure and temperature, the change of enthalpy associated with a change of phase, and the specific volumes of the two phases.
The form of the Clapeyron equation is:
(8.5)
where hfg is the enthalpy of vaporization.
8.3 OTHER THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONS
There are a number of other useful relations that can be easily derived:
(8.6)
(8.7)
(8.8)
(8.9)
(8.10)
(8.11)
(8.12)
(8.13)
Enthalpy
(8.14)
Internal Energy
(8.15)
Entropy
(8.16)
Specific heats
(8.17)
(8.18)
(8.19)
(8.20)
8.4 EQUATIONS OF STATE
The P-V-T relation is often stated in the form of an equation which is called an equation of state:
(8.21)
Van der Waals Equation
(8.22)
a, b are constants for any one substance.
Dieterici Equation
(8.23)
Beattie-Bridgeman Equation
(8.24)
A = A0(1-a/v), B = B0(1-B/v), ε = c/UT³ and
A 0, a, B 0, b and c are constants for different gases. Values for
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