Cacti 0.8 Network Monitoring
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Cacti 0.8 Network Monitoring - Dinangkur Kundu
Table of Contents
Cacti 0.8 Network Monitoring
Credits
About the Authors
About the Reviewers
Preface
What this book covers
Who this book is for
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Errata
Piracy
Questions
1. Cacti Overview
What is Cacti?
Why Cacti?
Cacti operation
Data retrieval
Data storage
Data presentation
Basic knowledge on Net-SNMP
Basic knowledge on RRDtool
How does the RRDTool work?
Summary
2. Prerequisites and Installing Cacti on Linux
Cacti's prerequisites
Installing Cacti prerequisites
Apache
PHP
MySQL
Net-SNMP
RRDTool
Installing Cacti
Installing Cacti using APT
RRDTool Binary Path
PHP Binary Path
snmpwalk Binary Path
snmpget Binary Path
snmpbulkwalk Binary Path
snmpgetnext Binary Path
Cacti Log File Path
SNMP Utility Version
RRDTool Utility Version
Installing Cacti from Source/Manual installation
Upgrading Cacti
Using APT
From source
Patch
Summary
3. Using Graphs to Manage Networks and Devices
Creating graphs
Adding a device
Device fields definition
SNMP support in Cacti
Creating a graph for the device
Organizing graphs
Summary
4. Creating and Using Templates
Types of Cacti templates
Graph templates
Creating a graph template
Graph Template Item
Graph Item Inputs
Host templates
Creating host templates
Using host templates
Importing templates
Exporting templates
Important templates
Summary
5. User Management
User Management console
Adding a user in Cacti
Editing a user
Realm permissions
Graph permissions
Graph settings
Other User Management options
Deleting users
Enabling and disabling users
Copying users
Batch copying
Summary
6. NET-SNMP
What is SNMP?
How SNMP works?
Management Information Bases (MIBs)
Comparison of SNMP versions and security
Net-SNMP
Basic Net-SNMP commands
Summary
7. Data Management
Data input method
Creating a data input method
Input fields
Output fields
Data queries
Creating a data query
Associated Graph Templates
SNMP query XML syntax
Script Query XML
Creating a graph for single SNMP OID
Summary
8. Cacti Management
Directory structure
Backup
File backup
Database backup
Restoring from a backup
Poller cache
Command Line Interface
Summary
Index
Cacti 0.8 Network Monitoring
Dinangkur Kundu
S. M. Ibrahim Lavlu
Cacti 0.8 Network Monitoring
Copyright © 2009 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers or distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: August 2009
Production Reference: 1280709
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
32 Lincoln Road
Olton
Birmingham, B27 6PA, UK.
ISBN 978-1-847195-96-8
www.packtpub.com
Cover Image by Vinayak Chittar (<vinayak.chittar@gmail.com>)
Credits
Authors
Dinangkur Kundu
S. M. Ibrahim Lavlu
Reviewers
Andrei-Silviu Marinache
J.P. Pasnak, CD
Acquisition Editor
Rashmi Phadnis
Technical Editor
Ajay Shanker
Indexer
Hemangini Bari
Editorial Team Leader
Abhijeet Deobhakta
Project Team Leader
Lata Basantani
Project Coordinator
Neelkanth Mehta
Proofreaders
Claire Lane
Sandra Hopper
Production Coordinator
Aparna Bhagat
Cover Work
Aparna Bhagat
About the Authors
Dinangkur Kundu is currently working as an IT Support Analyst at Moriah College in Sydney, Australia. He also runs a local business directory for Bangladeshi people and in his free time, develops web sites using concrete5 CMS.
Dinangkur started his career as a Visual Basic programmer for DEN—a hospital management system development company. Later, he moved to Web programming and spent the majority of his career in the Web arena, using open source technologies that are the driving point of his technological advances. He worked as a LAMP developer for Quantumcloud—building and implementing e-commerce solutions, content management systems, helpdesk, and service oriented applications; as Chief Technical Officer, he implemented and managed Linux-based Internet gateways, mail, backup, revision control, and over all security. On rare occasions, he's away from his computer and you can find him reading books on String theory and gazing at Math books.
I dedicate this book—Dipty Rani Kundu and Ranjit Kumar Kundu, most extraordinary and beloved ones in my life, because of your love and blessing I am here and continuing my journey.
I also thank my sweet wife Suravi Sarkar for her faithful support in writing this book. Specially, my younger brother Shanku, who took care of Mum and Dad in my absence, and pushed me to reach my goal.
I want to thank Rashmi Phandis at Packt Publishing for being so patient with me.
S. M. Ibrahim Lavlu is a Linux wizard who has dedicated most of his time to Linux and open source. All the time he is busy with his technical world. He is also an expert in PHP. He is currently working as a software engineer and deployment engineer at Net Ltd. He maintains the world's largest Bangla blog community (www.somewhereinblog.net) and also the busiest site of Bangladesh. In his free time, Lavlu shares his knowledge on www.lavluda.com about his many tutorials and technical documents.
For successfully completing this book, all credit goes to my wife Tania Sabnam (www.tsabnam.com). And special thanks to the Cacti developer team for their great support.
About the Reviewers
Andrei-Silviu Marinache is 29 years old, and he has been working with computers since he was 8 years old. He began to like Linux and networks in the 9th grade, at high school. He often skipped classes just to spend a little more time on the Internet, in the high school's informatics laboratory. He has now more than 12 years of network-experience, a Master's in Informatics Security and works as a System Engineer for one of the biggest telecommunication companies in Romania.
Andrei began to use Cacti when version 0.8 appeared, and since then he continuously tweaked, bug-fixed, and improved it to suit his needs. Some of his patches were made available to the Cacti forum and to the Cacti team.
I'd like to thank to my wife, because she loves me, even though she can't understand why I sometimes go to sleep at 4 AM, to my mom because she supported me in my career, and to my dad, who built my first computer, a ZX-Spectrum clone.
J.P. Pasnak, CD is a Technical Analyst working on Operational Support Systems for a Canadian Telecommunications Company, a Senior Non-Commissioned Officer in the Canadian Forces Reserves, an avid supporter of Open Source projects, and a member of the Cacti Group.
Preface
Cacti is a web-based, PHP/MySQL graphing solution to monitor network bandwidth with SNMP using the RRDTool engine—developed by Tobi Oeticker who is already the creator of the famous MRTG. RRDtool is a program developed in C and it stores collected data on .rrd files. Cacti's strength lies in the fact that it