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    Bhagavad-Gita
    Bhagavad-Gita
    Bhagavad-Gita
    Ebook113 pages1 hour

    Bhagavad-Gita

    By Vyasa

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    About this ebook

    The "Bhagavad Gita" (Song of the Lord), often referred to as simply the Gita, is a 700 Shlokas - Sanskrit verses, Hindu scripture in Sanskrit that is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. The epic Mahabharata is traditionally ascribed to the sage Vyasa; the Bhagavad Gita, being a part of the Mahabharata's Bhisma Parva, is also ascribed to him

    Translated by Sir Edwin Arnold (10 June 1832 – 24 March 1904), English poet and journalist.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherPasserino Editore
    Release dateOct 29, 2015
    ISBN9788899617042
    Bhagavad-Gita
    Author

    Vyasa

    Krishna Dvaipayana  or Vedavyasa, is a revered sage portrayed in most Hindu traditions. He is traditionally regarded as the author of the Mahabharata whose protagonists are the surrogate sons of Pandu, the Kuru king whom he himself fathered 'under Niyoga practice' in place of an elder brother who died heirless, at the behest of his mother Satyavati, while he was the surgeon who put their hundred antogonist cousins into incubation, hence his authorship is by way of biography of his own mortal family. He is also regarded by many Hindus as the compiler of a number of significant scriptures. As a partial incarnation, Amsa Avatar (aṃśa-avatāra) of Vishnu, he is also regarded by tradition as the compiler of the mantras of the Vedas into four Vedas, as well as the author of the eighteen Puranas and the Brahma Sutras. He is one of the seven immortal Chiranjeevis, despite the mortality of his human kin, implying he is still alive in the current Kali yuga.

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    Bhagavad-Gita - Vyasa

    (1900)

    Dedication

    TO INDIA

    So have I read this wonderful and spirit-thrilling speech,

    By Krishna and Prince Arjun held, discoursing each with each;

    So have I writ its wisdom here,--its hidden mystery,

    For England; O our India! as dear to me as She!

    EDWIN ARNOLD

    PREFACE

    This famous and marvellous Sanskrit poem occurs as an episode of the Mahabharata, in the sixth--or Bhishma--Parva of the great Hindoo epic. It enjoys immense popularity and authority in India, where it is reckoned as one of the ``Five Jewels,--pancharatnani--of Devanagiri literature. In plain but noble language it unfolds a philosophical system which remains to this day the prevailing Brahmanic belief, blending as it does the doctrines of Kapila, Patanjali, and the Vedas. So lofty are many of its declarations, so sublime its aspirations, so pure and tender its piety, that Schlegel, after his study of the poem, breaks forth into this outburst of delight and praise towards its unknown author: Magistrorum reverentia a Brachmanis inter sanctissima pietatis officia refertur. Ergo te primum, Vates sanctissime, Numinisque hypopheta! Quisquis tandem inter mortales dictus tu fueris, carminis bujus auctor,, cujus oraculis mens ad excelsa quaeque,quaeque,, aeterna atque divina, cum inenarraoih quddam delectatione rapitur-te primum, inquam, salvere jubeo, et vestigia tua semper adore." Lassen re-echoes this splendid tribute; and indeed, so striking are some of the moralities here inculcated, and so close the parallelism--ofttimes actually verbal-- between its teachings and those of the New Testament, that a controversy has arisen between Pandits and Missionaries on the point whether the author borrowed from Christian sources, or the Evangelists and Apostles from him.

    This raises the question of its date, which cannot be positively settled. It must have been inlaid into the ancient epic at a period later than that of the original Mahabharata, but Mr Kasinath Telang has offered some fair arguments to prove it anterior to the Christian era. The weight of evidence, however, tends to place its composition at about the third century after Christ; and perhaps there are really echoes in this Brahmanic poem of the lessons of Galilee, and of the Syrian incarnation.

    Its scene is the level country between the Jumna and the Sarsooti rivers-now Kurnul and Jheend. Its simple plot consists of a dialogue held by Prince Arjuna, the brother of King Yudhisthira, with Krishna, the Supreme Deity, wearing the disguise of a charioteer. A great battle is impending between the armies of the Kauravas and Pandavas, and this conversation is maintained in a war-chariot drawn up between the opposing hosts.

    The poem has been turned into French by Burnouf, into Latin by Lassen, into Italian by Stanislav Gatti, into Greek by Galanos, and into English by Mr. Thomson and Mr Davies, the prose transcript of the last-named being truly beyond praise for its fidelity and clearness. Mr Telang has also published at Bombay a version in colloquial rhythm, eminently learned and intelligent, but not conveying the dignity or grace of the original. If I venture to offer a translation of the wonderful poem after so many superior scholars, it is in grateful recognition of the help derived from their labours, and because English literature would certainly be incomplete without possessing in popular form a poetical and philosophical work so dear to India.

    There is little else to say which the Song Celestial does not explain for itself. The Sanskrit original is written in the Anushtubh metre, which cannot be successfully reproduced for Western ears. I have therefore cast it into our flexible blank verse, changing into lyrical measures where the text itself similarly breaks. For the most part, I believe the sense to be faithfully preserved in the following pages; but Schlegel himself had to say: In reconditioribus me semper poetafoster mentem recte divinasse affirmare non ausim. Those who would read more upon the philosophy of the poem may find an admirable introduction in the volume of Mr Davies, printed by Messrs Trubner & Co.

    EDWIN ARNOLD

    CHAPTER I

    Dhritirashtra.

    Ranged thus for battle on the sacred plain--

    On Kurukshetra--say, Sanjaya! Say

    What wrought my people, and the Pandavas?

    Sanjaya.

    When he beheld the host of Pandavas,

    Raja Duryodhana to Drona drew,

    And spake these words: "Ah, Guru! See this line,

    How vast it is of Pandu fighting-men,

    Embattled by the son of Drupada,

    Thy scholar in the war! Therein stand ranked

    Chiefs like Arjuna, like to Bhima chiefs,

    Benders of bows; Virata, Yuyudhan,

    Drupada, eminent upon his car,

    Dhrishtaket, Chekitan, Kasi's stout lord,

    Purujit, Kuntibhoj, and Saivya,

    With Yudhamanyu, and Uttamauj

    Subhadra's child; and Drupadi's;-all famed!

    All mounted on their shining chariots!

    On our side, too,--thou best of Brahmans! See

    Excellent chiefs, commanders of my line,

    Whose names I joy to count: thyself the first,

    Then Bhishma, Karna, Kripa fierce in fight,

    Vikarna, Aswatthaman; next to these

    Strong Saumadatti, with full many more

    Valiant and tried, ready this day to die

    For me their king, each with his weapon grasped,

    Each skilful in the field. Weakest-meseems-

    Our battle shows where Bhishma holds command,

    And Bhima, fronting him, something too strong!

    Have care our captains nigh to Bhishma's ranks

    Prepare what help they may! Now, blow my shell!"

    Then, at the signal of the aged king,

    With blare to wake the blood, rolling around

    Like to a lion's roar, the trumpeter

    Blew the great Conch; and, at the noise of it,

    Trumpets and drums, cymbals and gongs and horns

    Burst into sudden clamour; as the blasts

    Of loosened tempest, such the tumult seemed!

    Then might be seen, upon their car of gold

    Yoked with white steeds, blowing their battle-shells,

    Krishna the God, Arjuna at his side:

    Krishna, with knotted locks, blew his great conch

    Carved of the Giant's bone; Arjuna blew

    Indra's loud gift; Bhima the terrible--

    Wolf-bellied Bhima-blew a long reed-conch;

    And Yudhisthira, Kunti's blameless son,

    Winded a mighty shell, Victory's Voice;

    And Nakula blew shrill upon his conch

    Named the Sweet-sounding, Sahadev on his

    CalledGem-bedecked, and Kasi's Prince

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