Fit Kids for Life: A Parents' Guide to Optimal Nutrition & Training for Young Athletes
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About this ebook
Jose Antonio, Ph.D.
Jose Antonio, PhD, is a well-published research scientist in the sports nutrition field. He holds a BS in biology from the American University, an MS in exercise physiology from Kent State University, and a PhD in endocrinology and metabolism from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Antonio has years of experience in the supplement industry. His current position is senior manager for category development at Active Nutrition. He has also published articles in Men's Fitness, Flex, and Muscle and Fitness magazines. He and his wife, Karla, live in Deerfield Beach, Florida.
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Fit Kids for Life - Jose Antonio, Ph.D.
INTRODUCTION
Fit Kids Become Fit Adults
A
s adults, it becomes painfully clear to us that staying in shape requires work, discipline, and dedication. For some, exercise itself becomes a chore. But for others, exercise is as natural as brushing your teeth: you get up, you do it, and you don’t think about it.
When we look back at childhood, we realize that exercise then was a lot like play. Recess was our favorite time at school: by running, playing tag or kickball, we exercised
as kids. And if we were lucky enough, we carried these healthy habits into adulthood.
However, it’s apparent that staying active, even as kids, has now become the exception rather than the rule. The statistics are depressing: up to 30 percent of children in the United States are obese. And that doesn’t count kids who are sedentary, out-of-shape, and on their way to adult fatness.¹ In actuality, overweight kids become overweight adults. According to a report in Health & Fitness Journal, approximately 40 percent of obese 7-yearold children and 70 percent of obese adolescents become obese adults.
If this trend continues, by the year 2050, 75 percent of Americans will be overweight.²
The fact is that very few cases of childhood obesity are related to a genetic or hormonal defect. But the chances of overweight kids becoming overweight adults are much greater if their parents are also overweight. A recent general opinion poll found that two-thirds of people thought that parents or guardians bore the most responsibility for obesity in children (fast-food restaurants were second in the survey).³ So, as parents, you can alter and control factors that might impact the fitness or fatness of your child.
When we look back at childhood, we realize that exercise then was a lot like play.
If your child is participating in an exercise program, you’ve already won half the battle: your child will be much more likely to maintain such healthy habits into adulthood. The other half is establishing proper eating habits. This may be difficult, particularly because kids (as well as adults) associate food consumption with certain emotional states. Kids and adults eat to celebrate holidays and birthdays, when they’re happy or depressed, when they’re bored, and when they’re watching television. If you can instill the importance of healthy and beneficial eating habits, you can permanently influence your child’s behavior as an adult.
Don’t let your children grow up to become obese. This book can show you how to help your kids become more active and eat right, so that your fit kids become fit adults.
EXERCISE AND SPORTS PARTICIPATION
Children usually play sports for the simple reason that they enjoy it. Parents, on the other hand, are often leery of the impact that exercise and sports may have on their child’s development. However, research shows that kids who play sports tend to excel in school and have better social skills and higher self-esteem. Sports may also help prevent drug and alcohol abuse, and children who participate in sports are less likely to start smoking.
Furthermore, did you know that many of the risk factors for disease are already present in childhood? Lack of physical activity in children could lead to metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, that may not appear until adulthood. And childhood obesity, a precursor for heart disease, is on the rise. These risk factors can be diminished, or nearly eliminated, with regular physical exercise.
Weight training, as we will discuss in Part One, provides a myriad of physical benefits for kids, including stronger bones, enhanced strength, and improved athletic ability. Bones, ligaments, and muscles have been shown to respond favorably to the stresses placed upon them in weight training. Resistance training can also significantly improve strength in growing children, beyond what typically occurs during natural development.
THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION
The more kids exercise and participate in sports, the more calories and nutrients they need. Athletics create more nutritional demands on the body, especially when a hectic and unhealthy eating schedule has become a habit. Parents and young athletes need to understand the importance of high-quality nutrition.
Whereas in the past there was a preoccupation with simply meeting a child’s nutritional needs (the four food groups, vitamins, and so on), now there’s a major shift toward the importance of how childhood nutrition will impact health much later in life. From eating habits themselves to preventing or encouraging disease, how your child eats today will have a striking impact on his or her health throughout adolescence and adulthood. After birth, with the exception of infancy, the human body grows the fastest during childhood and adolescence. This rapid growth makes proper nutrition an obligation and, without it, children may suffer harmful and irreversible effects on their permanent growth and development.
Physical activity also takes its toll. We already know kids need a lot of calories for proper growth, but sporting activities place tremendous demands on the respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular, and skeletal systems. This is especially important today when more kids, at younger ages than ever before, are participating in sports.
THE FIT KIDS FOR LIFE PLAN
This book provides exercise and nutrition guidelines for kids so that parents can help their children stay active and healthy.
In Part One, we discuss proper fitness training for young athletes. There are many common misconceptions regarding strength training for children. The fact is that kids can safely use resistance training to get fit for recreational activities and sports. This section covers:
• The benefits of exercise and sports
• Simple exercise rules
• Safe and effective weight-lifting techniques
Part Two offers healthy eating guidelines for active kids. You’ll discover:
• How to provide a balanced and nutritious diet
• Sample meal plans and healthy snacking
• Pre- and postexercise eating guidelines
• How kids can stay hydrated while exercising
• How to help kids lose or gain weight safely
We hope that Fit Kids for Life will help keep your young athletes injury-free, active, and healthy right into adulthood.
The Benefits of Exercise and Sports Participation for Kids
A
ny child in America today who decides to participate in sports usually does so for one simple reason: fun. Now, if only the decision was that elementary for parents, who are often unsure of the impact that exercise and sports may have on their child’s physical development and academic achievement. Fortunately for parents, as research can attest, exercise and sports offer tremendous opportunities for social relationships, physical challenges, and honest competition. There is even evidence that sports can increase a child’s self-esteem and academic performance, while decreasing the likelihood of disease and drug use.¹ Then again, to a child, all of these attributes equal just one desirable characteristic: fun.
Participating in sports and exercise promotes a positive attitude toward activity that will likely continue into adulthood.
Athletic participation and training for sports can provide a myriad of benefits that few other activities offer. But the burden of responsibility has increased for parents. We live in a lazy society and for many kids the word sports
means playing video games. Today, leisure time for children is significantly less devoted to rigorous activities. The hardest part is just getting them to start exercising. On the bright side, research has also shown that participating in sports and exercise at a young age promotes a positive attitude toward activity that will likely continue into adulthood.
HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION
It may be surprising to learn that many of the risk factors for heart disease are already present in childhood and early adolescence. Lack of physical activity in children could lead to metabolic disorders (obesity, diabetes, hypertension) that may not surface for decades. Childhood obesity, another precursor for heart disease, has increased by more than 50 percent since 1976. Fortunately, these risk factors can be diminished, or nearly eliminated, with regular physical exercise. For instance, in children who exercise, HDL cholesterol (the good kind) is elevated—a positive finding.²
Furthermore, with exercise the expansion of the body’s fat cells is markedly reduced, decreasing the likelihood of obesity. The number of fat cells present in the body is determined in early adolescence; from that point on, we do not acquire or lose fat cells. So, the fat that is often gained later in life is due to those existing fat cells growing larger and larger. The crucial piece in this puzzle, and the key to avoiding fat gains, is to prevent the rapid proliferation of fat cells during childhood.³ That way, there simply won’t be as many cells with the potential to grow larger. Of course, the best way