Watch Repairing as a Hobby
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Watch Repairing as a Hobby - D. W. Fletcher
WATCH REPAIRING AS A HOBBY
CHAPTER I
HOW A WATCH WORKS
PERHAPS the simplest way to describe the mechanism of a watch is to compare it with a spring-driven gramophone motor, with which you are probably quite familiar. There you have a large handle by means of which you wind up a powerful spring; in unwinding, this spring drives, through gear wheels, the table on which the record revolves at some 70-80 revolutions per minute. Further gear wheels join up to a regulating device, or governor, which keeps the record running at an even speed. Now imagine that the record could be slowed down by the governor to one revolution per hour, and you have at once a very large watch. The spring corresponds to the mainspring of the watch and the gear wheels to the train
of the watch; the governor to the escapement and the table to the motion work.
These four parts of a watch are shown diagrammatically in the lower part of Fig. 1. The part corresponding to the handle for winding up the gramophone is not shown in the diagram; it is, of course, the familiar button on the watch, and how this works will be described in due course.
It will be well to get thoroughly familiar with this Fig. 1, as it will make it much easier for you to understand what each part does when you come to deal with an actual watch.
The Train. As will be seen from Fig. 1 a train is simply a series of toothed wheels and pinions connected together so as to transmit power; on the left is the great wheel which, in most watches (except fusee watches), forms part of a shallow box or barrel in which is coiled a ribbon of steel. This is the mainspring which is wound up by hand and in uncoiling turns the great wheel. This wheel usually turns once in about 7 1/2 hours, and gears with a pinion on the second, or centre wheel; this, of course, goes round once an hour. Two other wheels, the third and fourth, follow in the same way, the latter going round once a minute if there is to be a seconds hand. The wheels are of thin hard brass and the pinions of hardened and tempered polished steel, and the more exactly the teeth are cut and the wheels and pivots are fitted, the more power will reach the fourth wheel. Since the fourth wheel is geared up from the first wheel in the proportion of about 450 to 1, and since a lot of power is used up in unavoidable friction, you can see that the force turning the fourth wheel is very small indeed. So much so that when a watch stops through dirt in the teeth it is usually in this wheel you will find the offending hair or grain of sand.
In the diagram the train is shown for clearness in a straight line, but in most watches it wanders about in all manner of curves, in some cases even doubling back on itself so that one wheel comes completely on top of another. Nevertheless in any normal watch you should, by this diagram, be able to identify these four wheels with certainty. In the very inexpensive type of watch, of which, unfortunately there are too many in use, the mainspring barrel has been made very large so that the great wheel has a large diameter and gears direct into the third wheel; the second wheel is absent, and an entirely different arrangement of motion work
is fitted to give hours and minutes. One rather obvious point may be mentioned; each wheel turns in the opposite direction to its neighbour. It is useful to remember this, for by feeling
the wheels of a watch which has stopped, you can tell which has power
on it and which hasn’t, and thus find the place, if not the cause, of the