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    The Machinery of Hay Harvesting - With Information on the Equipment and Methods Mowing, Raking and Bailing
    The Machinery of Hay Harvesting - With Information on the Equipment and Methods Mowing, Raking and Bailing
    The Machinery of Hay Harvesting - With Information on the Equipment and Methods Mowing, Raking and Bailing
    Ebook65 pages45 minutes

    The Machinery of Hay Harvesting - With Information on the Equipment and Methods Mowing, Raking and Bailing

    By Read Books Ltd.

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    About this ebook

    Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherRead Books Ltd.
    Release dateSep 6, 2016
    ISBN9781473354241
    The Machinery of Hay Harvesting - With Information on the Equipment and Methods Mowing, Raking and Bailing

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      Book preview

      The Machinery of Hay Harvesting - With Information on the Equipment and Methods Mowing, Raking and Bailing - Read Books Ltd.

      Baling

      Hay Harvesting: Mowing, Raking, and Baling

      14.1. Introduction. Hay is grown on more than half of all the farms in the United States, with the acreage averaging about 20 per cent of the total harvested crop land. Hay production in the United States amounts to about 100 million tons annually.¹⁵ In addition, forage crops are harvested extensively for silage. Minor methods of using forage crops include direct feeding of freshly harvested green hay and the production of meal (primarily alfalfa) from either artificially dehydrated or sun-cured hay.

      Forage handling is complicated by the nature of the product. Hay is a crop of great bulk and weight, containing 70 to 80 per cent water (wet basis) when first harvested. For storage it must be dried, either naturally or artificially, to a safe moisture content. Limits of 20 to 25 per cent are considered safe, although long loose hay or extremely loose bales can tolerate slightly higher moisture contents without serious damage.⁴, ²² The relatively low cash value per acre for hay crops limits the economic feasibility of mechanization for small acreages. In addition, hay is frequently grown on rolling land and steep slopes or under other conditions unfavorable to mechanization.

      14.2. Quality of Product in Relation to Harvesting Methods. In general, all methods of harvesting and storing forage crops involve some reduction in quality. When hay is dry, the leaves, which are the most nutritious part of the plants, are easily lost in handling. Prolonged exposure to sun, dew, and rain results in the loss of valuable nutrients, particularly protein and carotene (a source of vitamin A), and also causes bleaching or loss of color. Thus, any harvesting procedure that reduces the time between cutting and storing tends to minimize losses in quality, as well as reducing the weather hazard. Partial curing in the field, followed by artificial drying in the barn or stack with forced circulation of either heated or unheated air, is one method of reducing the time the hay is in the field.

      In comparative tests of harvesting methods with alfalfa, Hodgson and his associates¹¹ found that protein losses during harvesting and storage, in terms of the protein content of the original crop, amounted to 32 per cent for field-cured hay, 26 per cent for barn-cured hay, and 14 per cent for silage. Many attempts have been made to measure the relative effects of various types of machines on the quality of hay produced under a given harvesting method, but most of these tests have shown nothing conclusive. Weather is still the major factor involved.

      14.3. Hay Harvesting Methods. Many different combinations of operations are employed in harvesting hay, some of them requiring considerable amounts of hard, manual labor. All methods, with the exception of field chopping of standing crops for direct feeding or dehydration, include mowing and raking. Subsequent operations involve handling the hay in the long loose form, baling it, or chopping it. The usual practice is to windrow the hay within a few hours after cutting, because the leaves dry considerably faster in the swath than do the stems and would shatter badly by the time the stems were down to a safe moisture content.⁶

      Hauling and storing hay in the long loose form involves the least investment in equipment and is the most economical method for small tonnages, but it may involve a considerable amount of hand labor. The hay is commonly hauled with wagons or trailers, but it is often moved short distances with sweep rakes. Loading and stacking may be done entirely by hand or with mechanical aids. In some areas the hay is stacked in the field and fed directly from the stack.

      Most baling is now done in the field with hand-tie or automatic-tying machines of the windrow-pickup type. Although field baling in itself has been developed into a highly efficient operation in regard to labor requirements, the loading and handling of

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