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    Vision and Communism: Viktor Koretsky and Dissident Public Visual Culture
    Vision and Communism: Viktor Koretsky and Dissident Public Visual Culture
    Vision and Communism: Viktor Koretsky and Dissident Public Visual Culture
    Ebook191 pages1 hour

    Vision and Communism: Viktor Koretsky and Dissident Public Visual Culture

    By Robert Bird, Christopher P. Heuer, Tumelo Mosaka and

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    In the last thirty years of the Soviet Communist project, Viktor Koretsky's art struggled to solve an enduring riddle: how to ensure or restore Communism's moral health through the production of a distinctively Communist vision. In this sense Koretsky's art demonstrates what an “avant-garde late Communist art” would have looked like if we had ever seen it mature. Most striking of all, Koretsky was pioneering the visual languages of Benetton and MTV at a time when the iconography of interracial togetherness was still only a vague rumor on Madison Avenue.

    Vision and Communism presents a series of interconnected essays devoted to Viktor Koretsky's art and the social worlds that it hoped to transform. Produced collectively by its five editors, this writing also considers the visual art, film, and music included in the exhibition Vision and Communism, opening at the Smart Museum of Art in September 2011.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherThe New Press
    Release dateOct 18, 2011
    ISBN9781595588173
    Vision and Communism: Viktor Koretsky and Dissident Public Visual Culture

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      Book preview

      Vision and Communism - Robert Bird

      001001

      Table of Contents

      Title Page

      Dedication

      Epigraph

      Foreword

      assemble, imagine, discuss

      intrusive, intransigent, invisible

      i.

      ii.

      iii.

      iv.

      V.

      vi.

      sources

      international, intimate, intense

      visibility

      scales

      the global village

      distances

      medium intimacy

      sources

      unseen, unknown, unstoppable?

      sources

      rewind, fast forward, play

      sources

      biographical notes on Viktor Koretsky

      vision and communism, the exhibition

      contributors

      credits

      notes

      index

      Copyright Page

      to the memory of David Kato Kisule (1964-2011)

      Communism . . . will always present a mortal danger to mankind. It is like an infection in the world’s organism: it may lie dormant, but it will inevitably attack with a crippling disease. There is no help to be found in the illusion that certain countries possess an immunity to Communism: any country that is free today can be reduced to prostration and complete submission.

      -Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

      For many decades communists were the only political group in South Africa who were prepared to treat Africans as human beings and their equals; who were prepared to eat with us; talk with us, live with us, and work with us. They were the only political group which was prepared to work with the Africans for the attainment of political rights and a stake in society. Because of this, there are many Africans who, today, tend to equate freedom with communism.

      -Nelson Mandela

      foreword

      The project Vision and Communism arose out of a desire to introduce the work of Viktor Koretsky (1909-1998), a master of Soviet propaganda imagery, to audiences unacquainted with his poster designs and the underlying approach that guided his aesthetic choices. While great attention has already been paid to the artistic production of the Russian Revolution and its aftermath, later Soviet material has received much less study. The exhibition at the Smart Museum and this catalogue contain some pre-World War II images from the Soviet Union, but the largest share of Koretsky’s work parallels the struggles for independence and civil rights around the world in the decades following World War II and the inception of the Cold War. The works indicate the complexity and ambition of the aesthetic and ideological challenges Koretsky set for himself, and his poster designs demonstrate how adroitly he responded. Koretsky’s powerful images force us to reexamine many long-unchallenged assumptions about the meanings and intent of this work.

      The collaborative team involved with this project has responded to the issues raised in consideration of Koretsky’s art and the communist vision with a wide-ranging body of texts in this catalogue, and an innovative sound concept in the exhibition. Their conversations have extended to a consideration of South African protest music, which is discussed here and will be presented in the museum’s galleries as a counterpart to the ideology of shared struggle against injustice and inequality that animates much of Koretsky’s work. The team’s conversations also led them to the films of Chris Marker (1921-) and Aleksandr Medvedkin (1900-1989), a French filmmaker and a Russian filmmaker, respectively. Conceived as part of the exhibition programming, the series will be shown at the University of Chicago’s Film Studies Center.

      The thoughtful and fruitful cross-disciplinary discussions between a team of faculty members and curators at the University of Chicago and other institutions included Anna Loginova, the curator of the Ne boltai! Collection, the source of the materials presented in the exhibition. It is a rare opportunity indeed to be able to mine a great yet little-known archive containing a rich array of unfamiliar, challenging, and fascinating objects. Without Anna’s boundless help, good cheer, profound knowledge, and generosity, this project could not have come to fruition. We are deeply grateful both to her and to the Ne boltai! Collection. At the University of Chicago, Matthew Jesse Jackson, Associate Professor in the Departments of Art History and Visual Arts, established the key premise that Koretsky’s art represented the not seen, and it was he who invited the partners who might most interestingly be involved in the project. Robert Bird, Associate Professor in the Departments of Slavic Languages and Literatures and Cinema and Media Studies, added his considerable energy and passion to the project in its earliest stages and has been a constant source of support. Christopher P. Heuer, Assistant Professor of Art and Archaeology at Princeton University, joined the effort enthusiastically, and finally, Tumelo Mosaka, Curator of Contemporary Art at the Krannert Art Museum at the University of Illinois, Urbana—Champaign, lent his perspective on South African protest songs.

      At the Smart Museum, Stephanie Smith, Deputy Director and Chief Curator as well as a contributor to this publication, guided her colleagues through the complex evolution of a provocative project that intends to challenge its audiences even as Koretsky’s work itself does. Richard Born, the Smart’s Senior Curator, contributed much to these conversations and is serving as coordinating curator of the exhibition as well as consulting curator of an important companion exhibition, Process and Artistry of the Soviet Vanguard, for which the guest curator is Kimberly Mims, an advanced graduate student in the University of Chicago’s Department of Art History. One must also acknowledge the significant contributions of Kristy Peterson, the Smart Museum’s Director of Education, Angela Steinmetz, Head Registrar, Rudy Bernal, Chief Preparator, and Ray Klemchuk, Assistant Preparator, as well as Bhavisha Panchia, Tumelo Mosaka’s research assistant, and the sound designer for his soundscape in the exhibition, Jason Finkelman. And, of course, Marc Favreau and his team at The New Press have been invaluable colleagues as the editor and publisher of this catalogue, which stands alone as a work of scholarship, but also serves to enrich the experience of any visitor to the exhibition.

      Fortuitously, the interest in the work of Viktor Koretsky at the Smart Museum coincided with what became a remarkable collaborative citywide festival known as The Soviet Arts Experience. Launched by the University of Chicago in 2010, the festival came to include twenty-six music, theater, art, and dance organizations presenting work over a sixteen-month period. Among these presentations were exhibitions at the Art Institute of Chicago, the Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art at Northwestern University, and the University of Chicago Library’s Special Collections Research Center, the latter organized by a group of students drawn from a range of departments under the guidance of Robert Bird.

      The result offers one of the richest opportunities imaginable to consider the arts produced for and in response to the Soviet system. Among the array of exhibitions, concerts, plays, dance performances, lectures, and other events included in the festival, the art of Viktor Koretsky stands out as offering some of the most intriguing and challenging material of all, partly because of the way in which the project team has chosen to present it in the exhibition at the Smart Museum. It is a pleasure now to be able to display this unfamiliar and provocative work in a way that challenges and stimulates audiences to join the rich intellectual discourse this work has already engendered among those who have been privileged to participate in the development of Vision and Communism. We hope that this effort generates further discussions and stimulates new thinking about the art produced for the Soviet regime, its purposes and meanings, and the larger questions confronted by Viktor Koretsky in his work.

      Anthony Hirschel

      Dana Feitler Director

      Smart Museum of Art

      University of Chicago

      assemble, imagine, discuss

      A story:

      You are on your way to see an exhibition called Vision and Communism. You know nothing about the art but you heard something about it on the radio and it’s sunny and Saturday and the museum is free and not so far, so you decide to head over to see the show. As you drive, you muse a little about this title, about the claim it makes by throwing those two words together as if they had some natural affinity. Why vision? Why communism? You pull down the side street, park, and walk into the museum, passing through an enclosed courtyard garden and into the bright modern lobby. You heard it’s a show about Soviet posters. Half-remembered images fill your inner eye as you walk up the steps, through the doors, and ...

      That is the moment of potential, when anything might still happen, just before expectations tumble into reality.

      Or rather, that is one possible moment of potential, or a potential moment, in an exhibition called Vision and Communism. There are many other such possible moments and paths to this threshold of viewing, all contingent upon the nature of you and a multitude of other more or less unpredictable

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