The Attack on Pearl Harbor: The Attack that Shook America
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About this ebook
50Minutes.com provides a clear and engaging analysis of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. By 1941, much of the world was already at war, and tensions between the USA and Japan had been mounting for years. That year, Japan made the decision to go to war against the United States and launched a devastating surprise attack on the Pearl Harbor military base. This attack led the USA to enter the Second World War, and remains one of the most important events in the country’s history.
In just 50 minutes you will:
• Understand why there were major tensions between the USA and Japan during the 1930s and 1940s
• Learn about what happened during attack on Pearl Harbor, including the American response and Japanese strategic errors
• Analyse the outcome of the attack and its consequences for both countries
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The Attack on Pearl Harbor - 50minutes
Key information
When: 7 December 1941.
Where: Pearl Harbor (US air and naval base on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, in the Pacific Ocean).
Context: the Second World War (1939-1945).
Countries involved: the United States against the Empire of Japan.
Key protagonists:
Walter Campbell Short, American general (1880-1949).
Husband Edward Kimmel, American admiral (1882-1968).
Isoroku Yamamoto, Japanese admiral (1884-1943).
Mitsuo Fuchida, Japanese commander (1902-1976).
Outcome: Japanese victory.
Victims:
American side: 2403 dead or missing and 1178 wounded.
Japanese side: 64 dead and one prisoner.
Introduction
The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan on 7 December 1941 is one of the most famous incidents of the Second World War. Led by the admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, the offensive on the American air and naval base situated on one of the Hawaiian Islands caused the USA to join the war on the side of the Allies. By endangering the American fleet, the Japanese wanted to neutralise the great power in order to establish the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and, in this way, push the Western powers out of the Pacific. This attack therefore was clearly a part of Japan’s imperial expansion policy.
Carried out in two successive aerial waves, the raid inflicted substantial human and material loss in the space of two hours. On the American side, 2403 men were killed and 1178 were wounded. There was also serious material damage: four battleships were sunk and a further four were damaged; 13 ships were sunk or damaged; and 188 planes were destroyed and 159 were seriously damaged. The Japanese losses were more limited: 64 men died, one sailor