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    Spring MVC Cookbook
    Spring MVC Cookbook
    Spring MVC Cookbook
    Ebook1,248 pages14 hours

    Spring MVC Cookbook

    By Bretet Alex

    ()

    Read preview

    About this ebook

    Over 40 recipes for creating cloud-ready Java web applications with Spring MVC

    About This Book

    - Configure Spring MVC to build logic-less controllers that transparently support the most advanced web techniques
    - Build an amazing social and financial application that applies microservices patterns on deployment, self-testability, interoperability, cloud architectures, and scalability
    - Fast-paced, practical guide to learn how to set up Spring MVC to produce REST resources and templates as required by the latest front-end best practices

    Who This Book Is For

    If you are an experienced Java developer, with prior experience in web technologies, and want to step up in your career and stay up-to-date or learn more about Spring Web scalability, this book is for you.

    What You Will Learn

    - Structure your project with Maven and create self-tested, domain-specific deployable web archives
    - Generate templates for a responsive and powerful frontend with AngularJS and Bootstrap
    - Build a high performance stateless RESTful and hypermedia application to support your multiple customer experiences
    - Authenticate over REST with a BASIC authentication scheme and OAuth2; handle roles and permissions
    - Document and publish your REST API using Swagger and Swagger UI
    - Scale your Spring web application
    - Communicate through WebSocket and STOMP messages
    - Provide support to your application and efficiently maintain its business features with a relevant test stack

    In Detail

    Spring MVC is a lightweight application framework that comes with a great configuration by default. Being part of the Spring Framework, it naturally extended and supported it with an amazing set of recognizable annotations. External libraries can be plugged in and plugged out. It also possesses a request flow.
    Complete support of REST web services makes the Spring architecture an extremely consistent choice to support your front-end needs and Internet transformations.
    From the design of your Maven modules, you will achieve an Enterprise-standard for a stateless REST application based on Spring and Spring MVC with this book.
    This guide is unique in its style as it features a massive overview of practical development techniques brought together from the Spring ecosystem, the new JEE standards, the JavaScript revolution and Internet of Things.
    You will begin with the very first steps of Spring MVC's product design. Focused on deployment, viability, and maintainability, you will learn the use of Eclipse, Maven, and Git. You will walk through the separation of concerns driven by the microservices principles. Using Bootstrap and AngularJS, you will develop a responsive front-end, capable of interacting autonomously with a REST API.
    Later in the book, you will setup the Java Persistence API (JPA) within Spring; learn how to configure your Entities to reflect your domain needs, and discover Spring Data repositories. You will analyze how Spring MVC responds to complex HTTP requests. You will implement Hypermedia and HATEOAS to guide your customer's stateless conversation with the product and see how a messaging-service based on WebSocket can be configured. Finally you will learn how to set up and organize different levels of automated-tests, including logging and monitoring.

    Style and approach

    A comprehensive, recipe-based guide to creating stunning Java apps with Spring MVC as a result of learning and implementing pro-level practices, techniques, and solutions.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherPackt Publishing
    Release dateFeb 25, 2016
    ISBN9781784394103
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      Book preview

      Spring MVC Cookbook - Bretet Alex

      Table of Contents

      Spring MVC Cookbook

      Credits

      About the Author

      About the Reviewer

      www.PacktPub.com

      eBooks, discount offers, and more

      Why Subscribe?

      Preface

      What this book covers

      What you need for this book

      Who this book is for

      Sections

      Getting ready

      How to do it…

      How it works…

      There's more…

      See also

      Conventions

      Reader feedback

      The showcase application: CloudStreet Market

      Customer support

      Downloading the example code

      Errata

      Piracy

      Questions

      1. Setup Routine for an Enterprise Spring Application

      Introduction

      Why such a routine?

      Why making use of the Eclipse IDE?

      Why making use of Maven?

      What does the Spring Framework bring?

      Installing Eclipse for JEE Developers and Java SE 8

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works…

      Eclipse for Java EE developers

      Choosing a JVM

      Java SE 8

      Configuring Eclipse for Java 8, Maven 3, and Tomcat 8

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      The eclipse.ini file

      Setting the –vm option

      Customizing JVM arguments

      Changing the JDK compliance level

      Configuring Maven

      A repository manager

      Tomcat 8 inside Eclipse

      There's more...

      Defining the project structure with Maven

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      New Maven project, new Maven module

      The standard project hierarchy

      The project's structure in the IDE

      Maven's build life cycles

      The clean life cycle

      The default life cycle

      Plugin goals

      Built-in life cycle bindings

      About Maven commands

      There's more...

      How did we choose the jar module's name?

      How did we choose the names for deployable modules?

      Why did we create core modules?

      See also...

      Installing Spring, Spring MVC, and a web structure

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      Inheritance of Maven dependencies

      Basic inheritance

      Managed inheritance

      Including third-party dependencies

      The Spring Framework dependency model

      The Spring MVC dependency

      Using Maven properties

      The web resources

      The target runtime environment

      The Spring web application context

      Plugins

      The Maven compiler plugin

      The Maven surefire plugin

      The Maven enforcer plugin

      The Maven war plugin

      There's more...

      See also

      The Maven checkstyle plugin

      2. Designing a Microservice Architecture with Spring MVC

      Introduction

      The User eXperience paradigm

      Microservice architectures

      Configuring a controller with simple URL mapping

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      Downloading and installing GIT

      Configuring GIT in Eclipse

      How it works...

      Spring MVC overview

      Front controller

      MVC design pattern

      Spring MVC flow

      DispatcherServlet – the Spring MVC entrypoint

      Annotation-defined controllers

      @Controller

      @RequestMapping

      Controller method-handler signatures

      Supported method arguments types

      Supported annotations for method arguments

      Supported return Types

      There's more...

      Configuring a fallback controller using ViewResolver

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      URI template patterns

      Ant-style path patterns

      Path pattern comparison

      ViewResolvers

      There's more...

      @PathVariable to read variables in URI template patterns

      Setting up and customizing a responsive single page webdesign with Bootstrap

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      Installing a Bootstrap theme

      Customising a Bootstrap theme

      Creating responsive content

      How it works...

      The theme installation

      Bootstrap highlights

      Bootstrap scaffolding

      Grid system and responsive design

      Defining columns

      Offsetting and nesting

      Fluid gridding

      Bootstrap CSS utilities

      Uniform Buttons

      Icons

      Tables

      Bootstrap components

      Navbars

      Hero units

      Alerts

      Badges and labels

      There's more...

      See also

      Displaying a model in the View, using the JSTL

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      The approach to handle our data

      Injection of services via interfaces

      How does Spring choose the dummy implementations?

      DTOs to be used in View layer

      Dummy service implementations

      Populating the Model in the controller

      Rendering variables with the JSP EL

      Implicit objects

      Rendering variables with the JSTL

      Taglib directives in JSPs

      There's more...

      More about JSP EL

      More about the JavaBeans standard

      More about the JSTL

      Defining a common WebContentInterceptor

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      Common behaviors for Controllers

      Global session control

      Requiring sessions

      Synchronizing sessions

      Cache-header management

      HTTP method support

      A high-level interceptor

      Request lifecycle

      There is more...

      More features offered by WebContentGenerator

      See also...

      Web caching

      New support classes for @RequestMapping since Spring MVC 3.1

      Designing a client-side MVC pattern with AngularJS

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      Setting up the DOM and creating modules

      Defining the module's components

      How it works...

      One app per HTML document

      Module autobootstrap

      Manual module bootstrap

      AngularJS Controllers

      Bidirectional DOM-scope binding

      AngularJS directives

      ng-repeat

      ng-if

      AngularJS factories

      Dependency injection

      There's more...

      3. Working with Java Persistence and Entities

      Introduction

      The Entities' benefits

      The Entity manager and its persistence context

      Configuring the Java Persistence API in Spring

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      The Spring-managed DataSource bean

      The EntityManagerFactory bean and its persistence unit

      The Spring Data JPA configuration

      See also

      Defining useful EJB3 entities and relationships

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      Entity requirements

      Mapping the schema

      Mapping tables

      Mapping columns

      Annotating fields or getters

      Mapping primary keys

      Identifier generation

      Defining inheritance

      The single-table strategy

      The table-per-class strategy

      Defining relationships

      How relationships between entities have been chosen

      There's more...

      The FetchType attribute

      The Cascade attribute

      See also

      Making use of the JPA and Spring Data JPA

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      Injecting an EntityManager instance

      Using JPQL

      Reducing boilerplate code with Spring Data JPA

      Query creation

      Persisting Entities

      There's more...

      Using native SQL queries

      Transactions

      See also

      4. Building a REST API for a Stateless Architecture

      Introduction

      A definition of REST

      RESTful CloudStreetMarket

      Binding requests and marshalling responses

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      A super RequestMappingHandlerAdapter bean

      Broad support for @RequestMapping annotations

      setMessageConverters

      setCustomArgumentResolvers

      setWebBindingInitializer

      The ConversionService API

      Choosing between PropertyEditors or converters

      There's more...

      Built-in PropertyEditor implementations

      The Spring IO reference document

      Configuring content-negotiation (JSON, XML, and so on)

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      Support for XML marshalling

      The XStream marshaller

      Negotiation strategies with ContentNegotiationManager

      The Accept header

      The file extension suffix in the URL path

      The request parameter

      Java Activation Framework

      @RequestMapping annotations as ultimate filters

      There's more...

      Using a JAXB2 implementation as an XML parser

      The ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean JavaDoc

      Adding pagination, filters, and sorting capabilities

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      Spring Data pagination support (you will love it!)

      Pagination and sorting in repositories

      PagingAndSortingRepository

      The web part – PageableHandlerMethodArgumentResolver

      A useful specification argument resolver

      The JPA2 criteria API and Spring Data JPA specifications

      SpecificationArgumentResolver

      There's more...

      Spring Data

      Angular routes

      See also

      Bootstrap pagination with the Angular UI

      Handling exceptions globally

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      Global exception handling with @ControllerAdvice

      The support ResponseEntityExceptionHandler class

      A uniform error response object

      There's more...

      HTTP Status Codes

      The official article about exception handling in Spring MVC

      JavaDocs

      See also

      Documenting and exposing an API with Swagger

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      An exposed metadata

      The Swagger UI

      There's more...

      The Swagger.io

      The swagger-springmvc documentation

      See also

      Different tools, different standards

      5. Authenticating with Spring MVC

      Introduction

      Configuring Apache HTTP to proxy your Tomcat(s)

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      DNS configuration or host aliasing

      In production – editing DNS records

      An alias for the host

      Alias definition for OAuth developments

      Apache HTTP configuration

      Virtual-hosting

      The mod_proxy module

      ProxyPassReverse

      Workers

      The mod_alias module

      Tomcat connectors

      HTTP connectors

      AJP connectors

      There is more…

      See also

      Alternatives to Apache HTTP

      Adapting users and roles to Spring Security

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      Introduction to Spring Security

      ThreadLocal context holders

      Noticeable Spring Security interfaces

      The Authentication interface

      The UserDetails interface

      Authentication providers

      The UserDetailsManager interface

      The GrantedAuthority interface

      There is more…

      Spring Security reference

      Technical overview

      Sample applications

      Core services

      Authenticating over a BASIC scheme

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      The Spring Security namespace

      The component

      The Spring Security filter-chain

      Our configuration

      The AuthenticationManager interface

      Basic authentication

      BasicAuthenticationFilter

      With an authenticationEntryPoint

      Without an authenticationEntryPoint

      There is more…

      In the Spring Security reference

      The remember-me cookie/feature

      Authenticating with a third-party OAuth2 scheme

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      From the application point of view

      From the Yahoo! point of view

      OAuth2 explicit grant flow

      Refresh-token and access-token

      Spring social – role and key features

      Social connection persistence

      Provider-specific configuration

      One entry-point – connectionFactoryLocator

      Provider-specific ConnectionFactories

      Signing in with provider accounts

      There is more…

      Performing authenticated API calls

      The Spring social ConnectController

      See also

      SocialAuthenticationFilter

      The list of Spring social connectors

      Implementing an OAuth2 authentication server

      The harmonic development blog

      Storing credentials in a REST environment

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      Client side (AngularJS)

      Server side

      How it works...

      Authenticating for Microservices

      Using the BASIC authentication

      Using OAuth2

      HTML5 SessionStorage

      SSL/TLS

      BCryptPasswordEncoder

      There is more…

      Setting HTTP headers with AngularJS

      Browser support for localStorage

      About SSL and TLS

      Authorizing on services and controllers

      Getting ready

      How to do it...

      How it works...

      Spring Security authorities

      Configuration attributes

      Pre-invocation handling

      AccessDecisionManager

      After invocation handling

      Expression-based access control

      Web Security expressions

      Method security expressions

      Access control using @PreAuthorize and @PostAuthorize

      Filtering collections using @PreFilter and @PostFilter

      JSR-250 and legacy method security

      There is more…

      Domain Object Security (ACLs)

      Spring EL

      The Spring Security reference

      See also

      6. Implementing HATEOAS

      Introduction

      The Richardson Maturity Model

      Turning DTOs into Spring HATEOAS resources

      How to do it…

      How it works...

      Spring HATEOAS resources

      The ResourceSupport class

      The Resource class

      The Identifiable interface

      Abstracting the Entities' @Id

      There's more…

      See also

      Building links for a hypermedia-driven API

      How to do it…

      How it works...

      Resource assemblers

      PagedResourcesAssembler

      Building links

      EntityLinks

      ControllerLinkBuilder

      There's more…

      The use of regular expressions in @RequestMapping

      See also

      Choosing a strategy to expose JPA Entities

      How to do it…

      How it works...

      The REST CRUD principle

      Exposing the minimum

      If the Entity doesn't own the relationship

      If the Entity owns the relationship

      Separation of resources

      There's more…

      Jackson custom serializers

      XStream converters

      Retrieving data from a third-party API with OAuth

      How to do it…

      How it works...

      Introduction to the financial data of Yahoo!

      Graph generation/display

      How is the financial data pulled/refreshed?

      Calling third-party services

      There's more…

      Spring Social — existing API providers

      See also

      7. Developing CRUD Operations and Validations

      Introduction

      Extending REST handlers to all HTTP methods

      Getting ready

      How to do it…

      How it works...

      HTTP/1.1 specifications – RFC 7231 semantics and content

      Basic requirements

      Safe and Idempotent methods

      Other method-specific constraints

      Mapping request payloads with @RequestBody

      HttpMessageConverters

      Provided HttpMessageConverters

      Using MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter

      Using @RequestPart to upload an image

      Transaction management

      The simplistic approach

      There's more…

      Transaction management

      ACID properties

      Global versus local transactions

      See also

      Validating resources using bean validation support

      Getting ready

      How to do it…

      How it works...

      Using Spring validator

      ValidationUtils

      I18n validation errors

      Using JSR-303/JSR-349 Bean Validation

      On-field constraint annotations

      Implementation-specific constraints

      LocalValidator (reusable)

      There's more…

      ValidationUtils

      Grouping constraints

      Creating a custom validator

      The Spring reference on validation

      See also

      Internationalizing messages and contents for REST

      How to do it…

      Backend

      Frontend

      How it works...

      MessageSource beans

      ResourceBundleMessageSource

      ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource

      StaticMessageSource

      Our MessageSource bean definition

      Using a LocaleResolver

      AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver

      FixedLocaleResolver

      SessionLocaleResolver

      CookieLocaleResolver

      There's more…

      Translating client-side with angular-translate.js

      Validating client-side forms with HTML5 AngularJS

      How to do it…

      How it works...

      Validation-constraints

      Required

      Minimum/maximum length

      Regex pattern

      Number/e-mail/URL

      Control variables in forms

      Modified/Unmodified state

      Valid/Invalid state

      Errors

      Form state transclusions and style

      See also

      8. Communicating Through WebSockets and STOMP

      Introduction

      Streaming social events with STOMP over SockJS

      Getting ready

      How to do it…

      Apache HTTP Proxy configuration

      Frontend

      Backend

      How it works...

      An introduction to WebSockets

      WebSocket Lifecycle

      Two dedicated URI schemes

      The STOMP protocol

      SockJS

      Spring WebSocket support

      All-in-one configuration

      Defining message handlers via @MessageMapping

      Sending a message to dispatch

      SimpMessagingTemplate

      The @SendTo annotation

      There's more…

      See also

      Using RabbitMQ as a multiprotocol message broker

      Getting ready

      How to do it…

      How it works...

      Using a full-featured message broker

      Clusterability – RabbitMQ

      More STOMP message types

      StompMessageBrokerRelay

      See also

      Stacking and consuming tasks with RabbitMQ and AMQP

      Getting ready

      How to do it…

      Sender side

      Consumer side

      Client-side

      How it works...

      Messaging architecture overview

      A scalable model

      AMQP or JMS?

      There's more…

      A great introduction to AMQP by pivotal

      A better way to publish application events

      See also

      Securing messages with Spring Session and Redis

      Getting ready

      How to do it…

      Apache HTTP proxy configuration

      Redis server installation

      MySQL server installation

      Application-level changes

      RabbitMQ configuration

      The results

      How it works...

      The Redis server

      Spring session

      SessionRepositoryFilter

      RedisConnectionFactory

      CookieHttpSessionStrategy

      Spring Data Redis and Spring Session Data Redis

      The Redis Session manager for Tomcat

      Viewing/flushing sessions in Redis

      securityContextPersistenceFilter

      AbstractSessionWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer

      AbstractSecurityWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer

      There's more…

      Spring Session

      Apache HTTP proxy extra configuration

      Spring Data Redis

      See also

      9. Testing and Troubleshooting

      Introduction

      Automating Database Migrations with FlyWay

      Getting ready

      How to do it…

      How it works...

      A limited number of commands

      Migrate

      Clean

      Info

      Validate

      Baseline

      Repair

      About Flyway Maven plugin

      There is more…

      The official documentation

      See also

      Unit testing with Mockito and Maven Surefire

      How to do it…

      How it works...

      @Test annotation

      The expected and timeout arguments

      The @RunWith annotation

      @Before and @After annotations

      @BeforeClass and @AfterClass annotations

      Using Mockito

      MockitoJUnitRunner

      The transferCriticalData example

      The registerUser example

      There is more…

      About Mockito

      JUnit Rules

      See also

      Integration testing with Cargo, Rest-assured, and Maven failsafe

      Getting ready

      How to do it…

      How it works...

      Maven Failsafe versus Maven Surefire

      Code Cargo

      Cargo Maven Plugin

      Binding to Maven phases

      Using an existing Tomcat instance

      Rest assured

      Static imports

      A Given, When, Then approach

      There is more…

      About Cargo

      More REST-assured examples

      Injecting Spring Beans into integration tests

      Getting ready

      How to do it…

      How it works...

      SpringJUnit4ClassRunner

      The @ContextConfiguration annotation

      There is more…

      JdbcTemplate

      Abstraction of boilerplate logic

      Extraction of auto-generated IDs

      Modern application Logging with Log4j2

      Getting ready

      How to do it…

      How it works...

      Apache Log4j2 among other logging frameworks

      The case of SLF4j

      Migrating to log4j 2

      Log4j 2 API and Core

      Log4j 2 Adapters

      Log4j 1.x API Bridge

      Apache Commons Logging Bridge

      SLF4J Bridge

      Java Util Logging Adapters

      Web Servlet Support

      Configuration files

      There is more…

      Automatic configuration

      Official documentation

      Interesting Redis Appender implementation

      Index

      Spring MVC Cookbook

      Spring MVC Cookbook

      Copyright © 2016 Packt Publishing

      All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

      Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

      Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

      First published: February 2016

      Production reference: 1220216

      Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

      Livery Place

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      Credits

      Author

      Alex Bretet

      Reviewers

      Bartosz Kielczewski

      David Mendoza

      Commissioning Editor

      Amarabha Banerjee

      Acquisition Editor

      Manish Nainani

      Content Development Editor

      Mayur Pawanikar

      Technical Editor

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      Project Coordinator

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      Indexer

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      Cover Work

      Nilesh Mohite

      About the Author

      Alex Bretet is a certified Java and Spring Integration engineer. Currently working at Thunderhead, a pioneer company and global actor among SaaS providers, he has a rich developer background from different industries including energy, insurance, finance, and the Internet.

      Captivated by the Internet's communication capabilities and by start-ups, he believes in skunk development outcomes (when groups of like-minded people together achieve unbelievable targets on tight deadlines).

      He also defends a number of open source initiatives and indeed Spring technologies, whose pragmatism constantly disrupts the most established practices and offers valuable alternatives for the benefit of all.

      You can contact him at <alex.bretet@gmail.com> or follow him on Twitter at @abretet

      I would like first to thank all the people who have been directly related to this book, starting with all the reviewers, content development editors, technical and acquisition editors.

      My thoughts go to my French engineering school and all the people I've met since then who have expressed and communicated their enthusiasm for the technology.

      I am very grateful for being able to work in the IT industry nowadays. Thank you to all the elements around me that supported me going in this direction. When my interest for this topic grew, I couldn't imagine making a career out of it.

      Writing this book has been a long project. I must mention my partner, Helena, for her patience and support throughout these months; my family and friends, who have been a source of encouragement; my dad, a source of inspiration.

      My best regards go to Packt Publishing for producing this book and endorsing the project.

      I acknowledge the expertise from the engineers at Pivotal Software, Inc. and the Spring community, their approachable set of documentation and their official references.

      Finally, I want to thank you, who are reading these lines and have probably purchased this book. I hope it will provide you help, spark, and Big Picture.

      About the Reviewer

      David Mendoza is a software engineer working on web development since 1999 with Java. He started his journey with JSPs and Servlets, creating a custom web framework to later find AppFuse, which introduced him to Spring and Struts. Then, he moved to Spring MVC and never looked back. David has worked as a Java consultant in Mexico, the United States, Canada, Venezuela, and Spain with companies such as ING Bank, Citi, and Telefonica. He is currently working for Southwestern Adventist University, a private university south of Dallas, Texas, where he's responsible for their entire web platform.

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      Preface

      Welcome to the singular universe of Spring MVC Cookbook. We hope you are ready for this journey that will take you through modern Spring web development practices. We have been building the cloudstreetmarket.com , a stock exchange platform with social capabilities. We are about to take you through each step of its development process.

      What this book covers

      Chapter 1, Setup Routine for an Enterprise Spring Application, introduces a set of practices that are standard in the industry. From the configuration of an Eclipse IDE for optimized support of Java 8, Tomcat 8, GIT and Maven, to a proper understanding of Maven as a build automation tool and as a dependency management tool, you will learn how to deploy the Spring Framework on a sustainable base in this chapter.

      Whether a project is meant to become a massively profitable product or to remain a rewarding experience, it should always begin with the same Enterprise-level patterns.

      This chapter is more than a guide through the first development stage of the book's application, Cloud Street Market. A bunch of standard practices are presented here as a routine for developers toward enterprise Spring applications.

      Chapter 2, Designing a Microservice Architecture with Spring MVC, is a slightly longer chapter. It covers the core principles of Spring MVC, such as its request flow or the central role of DispatcherServlet. It is also about learning how to configure Spring MVC controllers and controller method-handlers with an extended source of information related to a controller's annotations.

      In the path of a Microservice architecture, we install Spring and Spring MVC across modules and web projects to build functional units that are easy to deploy and easy to scale. In this perspective, we are going to shape our application with a web module that is responsible for serving a Twitter Bootstrap template along with another web module specialized in REST Web Services.

      In this chapter, you also will learn how to transfer the model from controllers to JSP views using the JSTL and how to design a JavaScript MVC pattern with AngularJS.

      Chapter 3, Working with Java Persistence and Entities, gives you a glimpse of . It is necessary at this stage to learn how persistent data can be handled in a Spring ecosystem and thus in a Spring MVC application. We will see how to configure, a JPA persistence provider (Hibernate) from dataSource and entityManagerFactory in Spring. You will learn how to build a beneficial JPA object-relational mapping from EJB3 Entities and then how to query repositories using Spring Data JPA.

      Chapter 4, Building a REST API for a Stateless Architecture, provides insights into Spring MVC as a REST Web Services engine. We will see the amazing support the Framework provides, with several annotations acting as doorknobs on method-handlers to abstract web-related logic and thus only focus on the business. This principle appears with annotations for request binding (binding of parameters, URL paths, headers, and so on) and Response Marshalling and also for integrated support of Spring Data pagination.

      This chapter also presents how to set up exception handling as part of Spring MVC to translate predefined exception-Types into generic error responses. You will understand how to configure the content negotiation, an important bit for REST APIs, and finally, how to expose and document REST Endpoints using Swagger and the Swagger UI.

      Chapter 5, Authenticating with Spring MVC, presents how to configure an authentication on controllers and services from standard protocols such as HTTP BASIC and OAuth2. You will learn several concepts and practices related to Spring Security, such as the Filters chain, the namespace, the Authentication Manager, or the management of roles and users. Our OAuth2 flow is a client implementation. We authenticate users in our application when they are first authenticated with a third-party provider: Yahoo! These Yahoo! authentications and connections are later used to pull fresh financial data from Yahoo! Finance. It will be very interesting to see how the OAuth2 flow can be entirely abstracted, in the backend, with the Spring Social library.

      Chapter 6, Implementing HATEOAS, demonstrates how to take a RESTful Spring MVC API a step further. A Hypermedia-driven application provides links along with every single requested resource. These links reflect URLs of related resources. They provide to the user client (whatever type of client it may be) real-time navigation options—precious documentation that is also the actual implementation.

      We will see how to build such links from JPA Entities associations or from the controller layer.

      Chapter 7, Developing CRUD Operations and Validations, goes into the more advanced concepts of Spring MVC. Presenting the tools and techniques that support interactive HTTP methods (PUT, POST, and DELETE), we will lean on the HTTP1/1 specification (RFC 7231 Semantics and Content) to learn how to return the appropriate response status code or headers.

      Our use of the Spring Validator together with the ValidationUtils utility class provides a compliant implementation of the validation-related JSR-303 and JSR-349 specifications.

      The last recipe is the place where an internationalization (I18N) of messages and content happens. We also present a client-side implementation, with AngularJS, that relies on published internationalization web services.

      Chapter 8, Communicating Through WebSockets and STOMP, focuses on the uprising WebSocket technology and on building Message-Oriented-Middleware for our application. This chapter provides a rare showcase that implements so much about WebSockets in Spring. From the use of the default embedded WebSocket message broker to a full-featured external broker (with STOMP and AMQP protocols), we will see how to broadcast messages to multiple clients and also how to defer the execution of time-consuming tasks with great scalability benefits.

      You will learn how to dynamically create private queues and how to get authenticated clients to post and receive messages from these private queues.

      To achieve a WebSocket authentication and an authentication of messages, we will make the API stateful. By stateful, understand that the API will use HTTP sessions to keep users authenticated between their requests. With the support of Spring Session and the highly clusterable Redis server, sessions will be shared across multiple web apps.

      Chapter 9, Testing and Troubleshooting, introduces a set of tools and common practices to maintain, debug, and improve an application's state. As a way of finishing this journey, we will visit how to upgrade the database schema from one version of the application to another as part of the Maven builds with the Flyway Maven Plugin. We will also go through how to write and automate unit tests (with Maven Surefire and Mockito) and integration tests (using a set of libraries such as Cargo, Rest-assured, and Maven Failsafe).

      The last recipe provides insightful guidelines in order to apply Log4j2 globally as a logging framework, as it is more than important to rely on a relevant logging solution to troubleshoot efficiently, whichever environment we may be on.

      What you need for this book

      The hardware and software list details the requirements for each chapter. Before everything, an Internet connection is necessary because many external references will be pointed out as links (URLs) and software will need to be downloaded.

      Also, and even more importantly, you will see that we use the Git versioning system to manage (and work from) the codebase for each chapter. Your local Git repository will correspond to the remote repository for the project (on GitHub), and you will be required to reach out to this remote repository.

      To rephrase the hardware and software list, we will support three operating systems throughout the book: MS Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X.

      For hardware, we recommend a modern, well-equipped workstation with at least 2 GB of RAM and 500 MB of free space on the hard drive.

      Who this book is for

      While writing this book, one of our objectives has been to remain as approachable as possible while providing the widest possible overview of modern web development practices.

      We believed that most of you, with an interest in a cookbook about Spring MVC, are primarily looking for a starter kit and a toolbox to develop modern Spring-based web applications.

      We also believed that most of you would tend to prefer conceptualizing from experience and not from theory. Nowadays, it is clear that people have different mindsets and learning preferences.

      Under this light, chapters will have increasing exigence levels one after the other, from the intuitive Chapter 1, Setup Routine for an Enterprise Spring Application, to the more challenging Chapter 8, Communicating Through WebSockets and STOMP. The initial few chapters will definitely suit a broader audience of Java developers than the final ones.

      Having said this, we have everything in this book! The prerequisites here are mostly pointing to external sources of information. And our showcase application is running and waiting for you to dive into it and understand how things work.

      More generally, we assume you to be a Java developer with prior web experience. Beyond everything, we expect you to have a motivated interest in learning Spring web technologies.

      Sections

      In this book, you will find several headings that appear frequently (Getting ready, How to do it, How it works, There's more, and See also).

      To give clear instructions on how to complete a recipe, we use these sections as follows:

      Getting ready

      This section tells you what to expect in the recipe, and describes how to set up any software or any preliminary settings required for the recipe.

      How to do it…

      This section contains the steps required to follow the recipe.

      How it works…

      This section usually consists of a detailed explanation of what happened in the previous section.

      There's more…

      This section consists of additional information about the recipe in order to make the reader more knowledgeable about the recipe.

      See also

      This section provides helpful links to other useful information for the recipe.

      Conventions

      In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

      Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: We are going to review the configuration changes applied to the cloudstreetmarket-api webapp in order to set up a type conversion.

      A block of code is set as follows:

      conversionService class=org.sfw.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean>

        converters>

         

            edu.zc.csm.core. converters.StringToStockProduct/>

         

       

      New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: Then select Add and Remove… from the right-click menu.

      Note

      Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

      Tip

      Tips and tricks appear like this.

      Reader feedback

      Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about this book—what you liked or disliked. Reader feedback is important for us as it helps us develop titles that you will really get the most out of.

      To send us general feedback, simply e-mail <feedback@packtpub.com>, and mention the book's title in the subject of your message.

      If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are

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