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    Avascular Necrosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Avascular Necrosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Avascular Necrosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook78 pages39 minutes

    Avascular Necrosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

    4/5

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    About this ebook

    This book describes Avascular Necrosis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
    Avascular necrosis is the death of bone tissue because of a lack of blood supply.
    Avascular necrosis can lead to tiny breaks in the bone and the bone's ultimate collapse.
    The blood flow to a section of bone can be disrupted if the bone is fractured or the joint becomes dislocated.
    It is most frequent in the hip and shoulder, but can involve other large joints such as the knee, elbow, wrist and ankle.
    Avascular necrosis is also linked with long-term use of high-dose steroid medicines and excessive alcohol intake.
    Causes
    Avascular necrosis happens when part of the bone does not receive blood and dies.
    After a while, the bone will just collapse.
    If avascular necrosis is not treated, the joint worsens, resulting in severe arthritis.
    Avascular necrosis can be produced by disease or by severe trauma, such as a fracture or dislocation that disrupts the blood supply to the bone.
    Avascular necrosis can also happen without trauma or disease.
    This is called idiopathic avascular necrosis indicating it happens without any known cause.
    Other possible causes:
    1. Using oral or intravenous steroids
    2. Excessive alcohol use
    3. Sickle cell disease
    4. Dislocation or fractures around a joint
    5. Clotting disorders
    6. HIV or taking HIV drugs
    7. Radiation therapy
    8. Gaucher disease (disease in which harmful substance build up in the certain organs and the bone)
    9. Systemic lupus erythematosus (an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue such as the bone)
    10. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (childhood disease in which the thigh bone in the hip does not get enough blood, causing the bone to die)
    11. Decompression sickness from a lot of deep sea diving
    Risk factors:
    1.Trauma
    2.Steroid use
    High-dose use of corticosteroids, such as prednisone, is the most frequent cause of avascular necrosis that is not linked to trauma.
    3.Excessive alcohol use
    4.Bisphosphonate use
    5.Radiation treatment for cancer can deteriorate bone.
    6.Organ transplantation, particularly kidney transplant
    Symptoms
    Many patients have no symptoms in the early phases of avascular necrosis.
    As the disorder becomes worse, the affected joint may hurt only once the patient put weight on it.
    Ultimately, the joint may hurt even when the person is lying down.
    The pain can be mild or severe and normally forms gradually.
    Pain linked with avascular necrosis of the hip may be directed in the groin, thigh or buttock.
    Besides the hip, the regions likely to be involved are the shoulder, knee, hand and foot.
    Diagnosis:
    The doctor will do a physical exam to determine if the patient has any diseases involving the bones.
    Bone biopsy is the definitive standard for diagnosis of AVN.
    MRI is the most sensitive and specific imaging diagnosis for AVN
    Medical Care
    Medical treatment of avascular necrosis (AVN) mainly is dependent on the site and severity of disease, and the patient's age and general health
    No medical treatment has been shown effective in preventing or stopping the disease process.
    Conservative treatments in early and smaller AVN are:
    1.Limited weight bearing with crutches and
    2.Pain medications.
    3.Statin and bisphosphonates may be useful
    4.Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) relieves pain
    Surgical Care
    No surgical intervention is the agreed as best among surgeons in the treatment of AVN.
    In early phases of AVN (pre-collapse), core decompression with or without bone graft is normally indicated the most suitable treatment.
    In late stages, featured by collapse, femoral head deformity, and secondary osteoarthritis, total hip arthroplasty is the most suitable treatment.
    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Avascular Necrosis
    Chapter 2 Cau

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateMar 26, 2018
    ISBN9781370583812
    Avascular Necrosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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    Reviews for Avascular Necrosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

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    • 5/5
      Easy to read and understand. Factual and information is spot on Excellent.
      No mention of hip distraction ( cosgrove) and trans neck head tunnelling ( nuno lopes) for perthes/avascular necrosis.

    Book preview

    Avascular Necrosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

    Avascular Necrosis,

    A

    Simple

    Guide

    To

    The Condition,

    Diagnosis,

    Treatment

    And

    Related Conditions

    By

    Dr Kenneth Kee

    M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

    Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

    Copyright Kenneth Kee 2018 Smashwords Edition

    Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

    Dedication

    This book is dedicated

    To my wife Dorothy

    And my children

    Carolyn, Grace

    And Kelvin

    This book describes Avascular Necrosis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

    (What The patient Need to Treat Avascular Necrosis)

    This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

    If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

    Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

    Introduction

    I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

    My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

    Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

    I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

    This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

    From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

    Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

    For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

    The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

    The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

    Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

    As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

    Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

    I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

    I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

    I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

    Chapter 1

    Avascular Necrosis

    What Is Avascular Necrosis?

    Avascular necrosis is the death of bone tissue because of a lack of blood supply.

    Avascular necrosis can lead to tiny breaks in the bone and the bone's ultimate collapse.

    The blood flow to a section of bone can be disrupted if the bone is fractured or the joint becomes dislocated.

    It is most frequent in the hip and shoulder, but can involve other large

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