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    Explore Solids and Liquids!: With 25 Great Projects
    Explore Solids and Liquids!: With 25 Great Projects
    Explore Solids and Liquids!: With 25 Great Projects
    Ebook169 pages1 hour

    Explore Solids and Liquids!: With 25 Great Projects

    By Kathleen M. Reilly and Bryan Stone

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    About this ebook

    For a kid, watching a solid turn into a liquid or a liquid into a gas is nothing short of magic. In Explore Solids and Liquids! With 25 Great Projects kids experience the wonder of different states of matter. They'll learn what matter is made of, how it can change, and how these interactions really work in our universe. With plenty of activities and projects, young readers gain a solid understanding of the matter they touch, see, feel, and experience every single day.

    As young readers discover the basic concepts and vocabulary of chemistry, they will experiment with household objects to discover how solids, liquids, and gases occupy space. Kids will dissolve solids into liquids and bring them back again, use salt and pepper to demonstrate water's surface tension, and fly helium-filled balloons to see what happens to molecules at different temperatures. Illustrated with cartoon illustrations and filled with fun facts, Explore Solids and Liquids! makes science entertaining and exciting.

    Explore Solids and Liquids! meets common core state standards in language arts for reading informational text and literary nonfiction and is aligned with Next Generation Science Standards. Guided Reading Levels and Lexile measurements indicate grade level and text complexity.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherNomad Press
    Release dateJul 21, 2014
    ISBN9781619302396
    Explore Solids and Liquids!: With 25 Great Projects
    Author

    Kathleen M. Reilly

    It all started with a four-inch book written in green crayon on peach paper, called "The Rabbet and Dog and Cat." Yes, I realize that's not how rabbit is spelled. I know that now. But when I was five, I wasn't worried about the spelling. I was too busy creating my masterpiece ("illustrated by the author"). Today, my features appear in publications such as: Parents, Better Homes & Gardens, Family Circle, American Baby, FamilyFun, Woman's Day, Ladies' Home Journal, and others. I write more than just features, though. My fiction includes a middle grade adventure (SUMMER AT FORT TARMETTO: SEARCH FOR REGINALD PEPPERS' LEG), a chick lit series (HALFSIE), and a forthcoming young adult novel (SHE). I've also written a Disney activity book for kids (WALT DISNEY WORLD EXTREME VACATION GUIDE FOR KIDS), available here on Smashwords and other retailers. And I've written nine science books for kids in print with Nomad Press. They're available on Nomad's site (www.nomadpress.net) and at book sellers. Drop me a line -- I'd love to connect with you!

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      Book preview

      Explore Solids and Liquids! - Kathleen M. Reilly

      Newest titles in the Explore Your World! Series

      Nomad Press

      A division of Nomad Communications

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      Copyright © 2014 by Nomad Press. All rights reserved.

      No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review or for limited educational use.

      The trademark Nomad Press and the Nomad Press logo are trademarks of Nomad Communications, Inc.

      Illustrations by Bryan Stone

      Educational Consultant, Marla Conn

      Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to

      Nomad Press

      2456 Christian St.

      White River Junction, VT 05001

      www.nomadpress.net

      Introduction

      MATTER REALLY MATTERS

      Chapter 1

      SOLIDS

      Chapter 2

      LIQUIDS

      Chapter 3

      GASES

      Chapter 4

      CHANGING STATES OF MATTER

      Chapter 5

      MORE MATTER!

      Chapter 6

      MIXTURES AND COMPOUNDS

      GLOSSARY

      RESOURCES

      INDEX

      How is a cat like a car? Or a marshmallow like your swing set? These aren’t riddles—it’s science! The answer to these funny questions is that all these things are made of matter. In fact, everything in the universe is made of matter.

      SO WHAT IS MATTER?

      Matter is everything around you. The chair you’re sitting in, this book, your clothes, the water you washed your hands in—even the air you’re breathing right now! The ice cube in your drink, the lemonade in your glass, and the steam coming out of the tea kettle—these solids, liquids, and gases are all matter.

      WORDS TO KNOW

      matter: anything that takes up space.

      universe: everything that exists, everywhere.

      Anything that takes up space is considered matter.

      What is matter made of? If you could zoom in for a really close look, you’d see that matter is made up of very small particles called atoms.

      WORDS TO KNOW

      particle: a tiny piece of matter.

      atom: a very small piece of matter. Atoms make up everything in the universe.

      molecule: a group of atoms.

      hydrogen: an element that is a gas in the air. It is the most common element.

      oxygen: an element that is a gas in the air. People and animals need oxygen to breathe.

      element: a pure substance that is made of atoms that are all the same.

      substance: a kind of matter.

      Particles are tiny pieces of matter, and atoms are very small particles. They’re so small, you need a super powerful microscope just to see them. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter.

      When atoms join together, they form a cluster of atoms called a molecule. All matter is made up of molecules. Imagine an atom is a letter of the alphabet, such as the letter S. If you combine it with other letters (or atoms)—such as U and N—you get the word (or molecule) SUN.

      That’s how a molecule works—a group of atoms joins together to make something new. They don’t have to be different atoms, either. If you add another S to your word (or molecule), you get SUNS—a different word.

      In this book, you’ll explore what matter is. You’ll learn the different forms matter takes, how it changes, and how you can mix different kinds of matter together.

      Understanding matter is the first step to understanding pretty much everything in the physical world! Once you know about matter, you can keep learning more and more about the amazing world you live in.

      THAT’S SO DENSE!

      Let’s start by learning some interesting facts about matter. Matter has something called mass. Mass is the measurement of how much space something takes up combined with how tightly its atoms are packed together.

      Think of a golf ball and a table tennis ball. They’re both about the same size. They both take up about the same space. But the table tennis ball has less density.

      WORDS TO KNOW

      mass: the measurement of how many atoms are in matter and how tightly packed the atoms are.

      density: how tightly packed or spread apart molecules are in matter.

      This means the atoms inside the table tennis ball are farther apart. It’s filled with air, and those air molecules are spread apart inside it. The golf ball has much greater density. That’s because the molecules that make it up are packed together very tightly.

      WEIGHT A MINUTE

      The golf ball is heavier than the table tennis ball. But mass is NOT the same as weight. Weight is the measurement of how much an object is being pulled down by the force of gravity. How do you weigh yourself? You step on a scale and see how much pressure is made on the scale when gravity pulls you down.

      Here on Earth, mass and weight are pretty similar. But what if you took those two balls to outer space, where there is no gravity? Without any gravity, what would change?

      WORDS TO KNOW

      weight: the measurement of gravity pulling down on matter.

      force: a push or a pull.

      gravity: a force that pulls all objects to the earth.

      pressure: a force that pushes on an object.

      The masses of those balls would stay the same. Each ball still has the same number of atoms inside, still packed together with the same density each had on Earth. But the weights would change, they would become lighter because there would be no gravity pulling them down.

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