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    Tracing Your Baltic, Scandinavian, Eastern European, & Middle Eastern Ancestry Online: Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Icelandic, Estonian, Latvian, Polish, Lithuanian, Greek, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Armenian, Hungarian, Eastern European & Middle Eastern Genealogy (All Faiths)
    Tracing Your Baltic, Scandinavian, Eastern European, & Middle Eastern Ancestry Online: Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Icelandic, Estonian, Latvian, Polish, Lithuanian, Greek, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Armenian, Hungarian, Eastern European & Middle Eastern Genealogy (All Faiths)
    Tracing Your Baltic, Scandinavian, Eastern European, & Middle Eastern Ancestry Online: Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Icelandic, Estonian, Latvian, Polish, Lithuanian, Greek, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Armenian, Hungarian, Eastern European & Middle Eastern Genealogy (All Faiths)
    Ebook239 pages3 hours

    Tracing Your Baltic, Scandinavian, Eastern European, & Middle Eastern Ancestry Online: Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Icelandic, Estonian, Latvian, Polish, Lithuanian, Greek, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Armenian, Hungarian, Eastern European & Middle Eastern Genealogy (All Faiths)

    By Anne Hart

    3.5/5

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    About this ebook

    Are you online and ready for global smart card and database genealogy for virtual travelers? Here's how to search family history for nations bordering the Baltic Sea, the Balkans countries, Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East.

    The nations listed in this guide (all faiths) include Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Armenia, Assyria, Greece, Lebanon, Syria, and many other lands in the Middle East, the Balkans-Croatia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Eastern Europe-Hungary, and more.

    Collecting details about people is moving toward smart card technology and its offspring. The new wave in genealogy is authentication technology. Authentication begins with new-wave technology used to gather population registers.

    Compare the new technology to the old method of door-to-door census taking, tombstone tracings, and city directory publishing. No, genealogists are not using smart cards this year, but smart card technology is being used to compile population registers in Europe.

    The future holds a new wave of technology used for authentication for banking transactions being applied to other areas. Currently this technology is used for collecting details for population registrars such as census taking.

    The application for research is of interest to family historians, librarians, and governments. It's already in use by private industry for electronic authentication.

    Family history is now about intelligent connections, whether it's a population registrar, census detail, or electronic identity for banking. Smart card genealogy began in 1998 in Finland with governments seeking to put census and population registers in an electronic form that would be available to researchers, and these applications are going global.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisheriUniverse
    Release dateJun 6, 2005
    ISBN9781532000546
    Tracing Your Baltic, Scandinavian, Eastern European, & Middle Eastern Ancestry Online: Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Icelandic, Estonian, Latvian, Polish, Lithuanian, Greek, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Armenian, Hungarian, Eastern European & Middle Eastern Genealogy (All Faiths)
    Author

    Anne Hart

    Popular author, writing educator, creativity enhancement specialist, and journalist, Anne Hart has written 82 published books (22 of them novels) including short stories, plays, and lyrics. She holds a graduate degree and is a member of the American Society of Journalists and Authors and Mensa.

    Read more from Anne Hart

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      Book preview

      Tracing Your Baltic, Scandinavian, Eastern European, & Middle Eastern Ancestry Online - Anne Hart

      9781532000546_epubcover.jpg

      Tracing Your Baltic,

      Scandinavian, Eastern

      European, & Middle

      Eastern Ancestry Online

      ♦

      Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish,

      Icelandic, Estonian, Latvian, Polish,

      Lithuanian, Greek, Macedonian,

      Bulgarian, Armenian, Hungarian, Eastern

      European & Middle Eastern Genealogy

      (All Faiths)

      Anne Hart

      ASJA Press

      New York Lincoln Shanghai

      Tracing Your Baltic, Scandinavian, Eastern European, & Middle Eastern Ancestry Online

      Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Icelandic, Estonian, Latvian, Polish, Lithuanian, Greek, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Armenian, Hungarian, Eastern European & Middle Eastern Genealogy (All Faiths)

      Copyright © 2005 by Anne Hart

      All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

      ASJA Press

      an imprint of iUniverse, Inc.

      iUniverse

      2021 Pine Lake Road, Suite 100

      Lincoln, NE 68512

      www.iuniverse.com

      1-800-Authors (1-800-288-4677)

      ISBN-13: 978-0-595-35773-4

      ISBN-10: 0-595-35773-3

      ISBN: 978-1-5320-0054-6

      Contents

      Introduction

      Chapter 1 Finland

      Chapter 2 Latvia

      Chapter 3 Poland

      Chapter 4 Estonia

      Chapter 5 Sweden

      Chapter 6 Denmark

      Chapter 7 Norway

      Chapter 8 Iceland

      Chapter 9 Lithuania

      Chapter 10 Genealogy in the Balkans, Eastern Europe & the Middle East

      Chapter 11 Middle Eastern & East European

      Chapter 12 Translating Names

      Chapter 13 Researching Assyrian Genealogy

      Chapter 14 How to Translate and Locate without Surnames

      Chapter 15 Armenian Genealogy

      Chapter 16 Greek Genealogy

      Chapter 17 Macedonia of the Ottoman Empire Era

      Chapter 18 Croatia Genealogy Research

      Chapter 19 Bulgaria

      Chapter 20 Hungary

      Chapter 21 Searching Several Areas Formerly Under the Ottoman Empire

      Chapter 22 Molecular Genealogy Revolution

      Chapter 23 How to Be a Personal Historian or Documentarian-Week Course

      Appendix A General Genealogy Web sites

      Appendix B Multi-Ethnic Genealogy Web Sites

      Appendix C Bibliographies

      Appendix D List of Published Paperback How-To Books, Novels & Plays for Life Long Learning by Anne Hart

      Introduction

      Smart Card & Database Online Genealogy for Virtual Travelers

      The future of genealogy research is moving toward the promotion of transnational, interoperable electronic identity. Are you online and ready for global smart card and database genealogy for virtual travelers?

      Here’s how to search family history for nations bordering the Baltic Sea, the Balkans countries, Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East. The nations listed in this guide (all faiths) include Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Assyria, Greece, Lebanon, Syria, and many other lands in the Middle East, the Balkans—Croatia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Eastern Europe—Hungary, and more.

      Collecting details about people is moving toward smart card technology and its offspring. The new wave in genealogy is authentication technology. Authentication begins with electronic identity processes used to gather population registers. Compare the new technology to the old method of door-to-door census taking, tombstone tracings, and city directory publishing.

      No, genealogists are not using smart cards this year, but smart card technology is being used to compile population registers in Europe. The future holds a new wave of technology used for authentication for banking transactions being applied to other areas.

      Currently this technology is used for collecting details for population registrars such as census taking. The application for research is of interest to family historians, librarians, bankers, publishers of directories, security agents, and governments. It’s already in use by private industry for electronic authentication.

      Will smart cards, new software, and electronic databases used by governments become the new technology of genealogists, librarians, and documentarians? New wave technology is used to compile population registers for census-taking. Private industry also uses electronic identity databases (for banking transaction authentication). Is personal history detailing next? What about security versus privacy issues?

      The future of family history research lies with visionary genealogists that observe each new way that the banking industry and government population registrars around the world use smart cards for authentication. Whether a census is taken or electronic databases are made available online or in private databases, the newest back-door genealogy research tools for population registers are or will be smart cards, software, and digital databases.

      Researchers can find a lot of historical details online and on disk. Technology used by population registrars, libraries, and banks for transactions are attractive to futuristic genealogists interested in electronic authentication. Genealogy will eventually tap into electronic identification technology, including smart cards that verify details about people. What details do genealogists look for? Marketing communications and advertising professionals will also be interested in details about people for market research and opinion surveys. What do you think about these issues? Is there a place for consumer watchdogs? Who watches the watchers?

      Researchers prefer historical information to be online and on disk, (or on a smart ‘electronic’ card—like a special credit card—instead of on harder-to-read microfilm or microfiche. How does smart technology play into family history research and/or DNA-driven genealogy research?

      Family history is now about intelligent connections, whether it’s a population registrar, census detail, or electronic identity for banking. Smart card genealogy began in 1998 in Finland with governments seeking to put census and population registers in an electronic form that would be available to researchers.

      By 2000, private firms began international cooperative networks focused on visionary electronic identity for e-transactions in Europe. Elsewhere, genealogists, historians, and librarians took notice of how smart cards could be used for family history research such as census, demography, and sociology studies. What can go on a smart card besides family history and surnames? DNA sequences, medical history, and migrations for starters.

      Smart Card Genealogy is about being able to check your own family history, surnames, and possibly in the future, DNA-driven reports for genealogy where written records end. Currently, Demand for electronic certification services in genealogy is in its infancy, but the idea is catching on. Banks began using smart (electronic) cards for Internet banking.

      The use of smart cards increased the number of smart card readers that can read advanced electronic signatures. Government transactions led to use of smart cards and certificates. The ability to check your own data, such as personal history, genealogy, or even DNA for ancestry or predictive medicine/risk predisposition and individual data in public databases led to the interest in smart genealogy cards by family historians.

      Considering the privacy law, smart cards may mean visits to a government office. How will smart card genealogy affect genealogists and other family history researchers around the world for ancestry or medical data?

      The answer is balancing privacy with public genealogical databases accessible online. Visionary genealogy of the future also is about using electronic identity cards or data for family history research, whereas now smart cards and electronic databases are used for gathering population register information for getting detailed information on people as in a national census.

      The future in genealogy may be the smart card approach to ancestor research. Established in 2002 at Porvoo, Finland, the Porvoo Group is an international cooperative network whose primary goal is to promote a trans-national, interoperable electronic identity, based on PKI technology (Public Key Infrastructure) and electronic ID cards, in order to help ensure secure public and private sector e-transactions in Europe.

      The Group also promotes the introduction of interoperable certificates and technical specifications, the mutual, cross-border acceptance of authentication mechanisms, as well as cross-border, on-line access to administrative services.

      According to its Web site, The Porvoo Group is a pro-active, European-level electronic identity ‘interest group’, widely recognized as a significant and relevant contributor to informed public dialogue in this area. Check out the site at: The Porboo Group’s site (in English) is at: http://www.vaestorekisterikeskus.fi/vrk/home.nsf/pages/20710B02C6C5B894C2256D1A0048E290.

      With the future marriage of genealogy to smart cards, online databases, or similar authentication technology for family history, population registration (census), and library research, it may be easier to research family lines, not only by DNA matches through DNA testing for deep ancestry, but also with smart, electronic cards designed for electronic identity. It’s also a way to track military records as another way to trace family history. To look to the future, you begin by scanning the past—electronically and ethnographically. For the Baltic Sea nations, there’s an excellent site on Basic Registers in the Baltic countries at:

      1

      Finland

      The Finnish American Heritage Center (FAHA) has the distinction of housing the most comprehensive Finnish-American archival collection in the world. The mission of the FAHA is to collect and preserve the multifaceted history of North American Finns. Check out its archive with more than 20,000 items at the Finnish American Heritage Center at: http://www.finlandia.edu/fahc.html, including old newspapers. Excellent sources of information on individuals are newspaper articles on Finnish-Americans.

      In the past, the law of inheritance focused Finnish genealogy on legal matters. Special provisions made genealogical research necessary. Today, you also can start your ancestor search with the Genealogical Society of Finland at: http://www.genealogia.fi/indexe.htm. It’s in English and includes articles on the Finnish communities in various US cities, including grave markers.

      The site also offers links to church records, parishes, libraries, family indexes, research directories, societies, mailing lists, other genealogical societies, photo galleries, biographical indexes, abbreviations, and personal names. The site also has a database on men who didn’t report for military service without reason. Check out their article on Karelians. The Genealogical Research Agency Radix is situated in Turku, Finland, but its activities cover the whole of Finland.

      Also contact The Institute of Migration at: http://www.genealogia.fi/. The site is in Finnish. It also lists cemeteries where ancestors from the Finnish immigrations to the USA are buried.

      These cemeteries include the following areas in the USA: Savo Cemetery (Savo Township, Brown County, South Dakota); Finnish Apostolic Lutheran Cemetery (Savo Township, Brown County, South Dakota); Toledo Cemetery (Toledo, Lewis County, Washington); Eglon Cemetery (Kingston, Kitsap County, Washington); Winlock Cemetery (Winlock, Lewis County, Washington). Lisatty hautausmaaluetteloita (USA): St. Paul’s Lutheran Cemetery, Moe Township, Douglas County, Minnesota; Holmes City Lake Finnish Apostolic Lutheran Church Cemetery, Moe Township, and Douglas County, Minnesota.

      You can find genealogy articles and links at the Sukututkimus Web site at: http://www.engr.uvic.ca/~syli/geneo/. Also see the article on Changing Uses of Genealogical Research in Finland at: http://www.genealogia.fi/emi/art/indexe.htm. Also try the Scandinavian and Nordic Genealogy site at: http://www.cyberpursuits.com/gen/scandlist.asp. See the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland site at: http://www.evl.fi/english/. The Swedish Finn Historical Society is at:

      You’ll find an excellent article on Finnish surnames at: http://www.genealogia.fi/emi/art/article104e.htm. For example, an excerpt from the article states, The most prevalent form has been the shortening of the Finnish patronymic, usually by clipping either a prefix or suffix. This process abbreviated the surname in the interests of American phonology yet retained for it an unmistakable Finnish identity. Thus, by dropping the prefix, Kaunismäki, Kauramäki, Koivumäki, Myllymäki, Palomäki, Lamminmäki, Rautamäki, Peramäki, Hakomäki, Kortesmäki, Hautamäki, Niinimäki, Katajamäki, etc., became simply Maki;2 or then again, by deleting the suffix, Mäkelä, Mäkinen, Mäkitalo, Mäkivuori, etc., were similarly transformed into Maki. The article explains in footnote 2 that, The Finnish vowels ä and ö are inevitably rendered jo this country as the English a and o. The Finnish v and w are interchangeable.

      Also see the publication, American Speech. A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage, Volume XIV, p. 33-38, 1939. A patronymic is a personal name based on the name of one’s father. A personal name based on the name of one’s mother is a matronymic. The present trend in Finland is from Swedish to Finnish patronymics. Read the article titled, Surnames in Finland on the threshold of the new millennium by Sirkka Paikkala at: http://www.genealogia.fi/nimet/nimi82s.htm.

      According to Kate Monk’s Onomostikon at: http://www.gaminggeeks.org/Resources/KateMonk/Europe-Scandinavia/Finland/Surnames.htm Originally Finns had only one forename followed by a patronymic taken from the genitive form of their father’s first name with the suffix ‘poika’—son, or ‘tytär’—daughter. For example, Jussi Pentinpoika—Jussi, Pentti’s son, or Ulla Pentintytär—Ulla, Pentti’s daughter.

      There’s a Web site researching the Saari surname at: http://members.aol.com/dssaari/saarinam.htm and a tutorial on Finnish surnames along with farm names. The Finnish surname Korela Web well-researched site is at: http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/korpela.html.

      You can consult the Population Register Center of Finland, or look at the Web site of the international Porvoo Group that seeks to support the deployment of electronic identity in Europe. The Porboo Group’s site (in English) is at: http://www.vaestorekisterikeskus.fi/vrk/home.nsf/pages/20710B02C6C5B894C2256D1A0048E290.

      According to its Web site, The Porvoo Group is a pro-active, European-level electronic identity ‘interest group’, widely recognized as a significant and relevant contributor to informed public dialogue in this area.

      To register a child born in the United States (to Finnish parents/Finnish parent) to the population registry in Finland, the parent would ask the Finnish Embassy in Washington DC or the Consulate General in New York or Los Angeles (

      Also see the pdf file titled, 250 Years of Population Statistics in Finland by Mauri Nieminen, Statistics Finland, Population Statistics, Työpajakatu 13, Helsinki, Finland. The Web site is at: http://www.stat.fi/isi99/proceedings/arkisto/varasto/niem1020.pdf. For other population statistics, also see Register Based Statistics Production, Statistics Finland, by Riitta Harala. The site is at: http://www.stat.fi/tk/ys/roundtable/sefdrha.html.

      Development of electronic government transactions in Finland site is at government decided to create a generic system for electronic identification, data transfer encryption and digital signatures for electronic transactions. The Population Register Center offers PKI-based certification services, where a citizen can buy an electronic identification card the size of a credit card. The private key and certificates are installed on the smart card, see http://www.fineid.fi/.

      If you’re looking to the future of electronic genealogy, it’s going to follow government and banking authentication tools for population registers, passenger lists, migrations, and other historical information. Finland is advanced in developing technology for electronic identification authentication. Check out the future and development of electronic government transactions in finland at:

      in developing the infrastructure, it is essential that the citizens rely on confidentiality, protection of privacy and high standard of information when administration handles personal information. According to surveys, citizens’ have good trust in government information processing. The government continues to enhance its information security in order to keep this trust. How do you feel about your genealogy, population registration, or even the futuristic concept of your dna sequences on a smart card in your own country? With visionary technology, balance is the key.

      Finnish Genes and Genealogy

      Check out the Discover magazine article, Finland’s Fascinating Genes, Learning Series: Genes, Race, and Medicine [Part 2], According to the article, The people in this land of lakes and forests are so alike that scientists can filter out the genes that contribute to heart disease, diabetes, and asthma, by Jeff Wheelwright, DISCOVER Vol. 26 No. 04 | April 2005 | Biology & Medicine.

      The UCLA study also might help you learn more about your Finn-American medical heritage. For example, Karelians from Eastern Finland and Karelia are being compared in studies to people from Western Finland to see whether or not there are any genetic predispositions in the Eastern Finns and Karelians compared to the Western Finns. The article notes that Karelians and Eastern Finns with short arms and legs may have genes for different genetic predispositions compared to Western Finns with longer arms and legs, but all this is currently under study. Gene hunters described in the spring 1999 UCLA magazine article at:

      Finland has a small population, isolation, and less immigration than other European nations. The government kept meticulous tax records. As a result, Finland has medical records on individuals that go back more than three hundred years. With carefully written medical and genealogical records, it’s one way to trace familial health and ailments as well as family surnames. According to the UCLA 1999 magazine article, Finland also has a system of free, high-quality health care in which patients trust their doctors and are highly willing to participate in medical research.

      According to the UCLA magazine article, "In the 20 years

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