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    Bushings for Power Transformers: A Handbook for Power Engineers
    Bushings for Power Transformers: A Handbook for Power Engineers
    Bushings for Power Transformers: A Handbook for Power Engineers
    Ebook98 pages53 minutes

    Bushings for Power Transformers: A Handbook for Power Engineers

    By Keith Ellis

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    About this ebook

    Bushings for Power Transformers,
    A Guide for Power Engineers

    There are number of good books on power transformers available in the marketplace and they go into much detail on the theories, designs, construction, components and testing of power transformers. However, they only devote one short chapter to bushings.

    Bushings are the most important component on your power transformer and one that is maybe least understood. This book will provide the Utility Power Engineer as well as the Utility Technician with a Handbook that will fast become the main reference tool when a bushing issue arises.

    For the Power Engineer who specifies new power transformers, it will become the go to handbook that will help them to avoid costly mistakes when specifying the bushings in their power transformer specification.

    This book will review the history of bushings for power transformers and will review the industry standards that apply to bushings.

    The book covers the different technologies used in bushing construction and will examine the techniques used in the selection of bushings for power transformers. It provides the basic information on bushing tests and how they relate to the power transformers. There is a chapter on maintenance and a guide for replacing bushings.

    The last chapter deals with a topic that occurs all too often, power transformer failures. This book provides a guide for investigating a power transformer failure when the bushing is suspect. The first hours after a failure is the most critical time help understand what caused the failure. This chapter will help the Utility reach the root cause of the event and hopefully prevent future failures.

    Every Power Engineer and Power Technician needs Bushings for Power Transformers in their bag of tools as they deal with their power transformers.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherAuthorHouse
    Release dateSep 1, 2011
    ISBN9781463442767
    Bushings for Power Transformers: A Handbook for Power Engineers

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      Book preview

      Bushings for Power Transformers - Keith Ellis

      © 2011 by Keith Ellis. All rights reserved.

      No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.

      First published by AuthorHouse 08/03/2011

      ISBN: 978-1-4634-4277-4 (sc)

      ISBN: 978-1-4634-4278-1 (hc)

      ISBN: 978-1-4634-4276-7 (ebk)

      Library of Congress Control Number: 2011913182

      Printed in the United States of America

      Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Thinkstock are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.

      Certain stock imagery © Thinkstock.

      Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

      Contents

      Dedication

      Foreword

      Preface

      Introduction

      History of Bushings

      Bushing Standards

      Bushing Theory and Construction

      Bushing Selection Guide

      Bushing Tests

      Bushing Maintenance

      Bushing Replacement Guide

      Guide to Specifying Bushings

      Failure Investigation Guide

      The Arthur

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated to Daniel T Elwing, former President & CEO of ABB Electric; Waukesha, Wisconsin for his advice to me as a young man to find an area of interest in the power transformer industry and focus my career on that area. A few years later Dan gave me the opportunity to focus my career on Power Transformer components. Taking advantage of this opportunity I did focus on Power Transformer components with specific emphasis on transformer bushings and load tap changers. The experience gained over the past 40 years has allowed me to gain an in depth knowledge of power transformer bushings and load tap changers, allowing me to enjoy my work every day and to work for and with many talented people.

      This book is a direct result of that guidance; thank you Dan!

      Foreword

      Normal people usually have something in their life they’re passionate about be it family, religion, health, sports, etc. Why would any person in their right mind attach a bushing designation to the end of their name, keithCOTA? Why, because Keith’s passion for the past twenty-five years has been bushings.

      Over the past years I have had the extreme opportunity to meet some of the World’s experts in the transformer business, both in the U.S. and Europe, some still living and some passed on. These Gurus were always willing to share information with enthusiasm when it came to their particular area of expertise. There are two definite ways a young, inexperienced engineer or technician can learn the business. They can go to conferences and listen to technical presentations from experts. Or, they can sit down one on one with the expert, possibly in a bar, and pick his brain. There is no way to put a dollar value on what can be learned using this method. Having known Keith for the past twenty years I consider him one of the Gurus of bushings and consider it a pleasure to have gained knowledge from our times together.

      This is a small book but there is a world of information contained within. Want to learn about bushings? Get a beer, sit down in a quiet place and let Keith share his thoughts with you through his writings.

      Danny Bates

      Southern Company’s Alabama Power Company

      Preface

      There are number of good books on power transformers available in the marketplace and they go into much detail on the theories, designs, construction, components and testing of power transformers. My first transformer book was TRANSFROMERS, Theory and Construction, by W. C. SEALEY[1] with Allis-Chalmers, published in the year I was born. It was given to me by James B. Caldwell, when he was Marketing Manager for RTE/ASEA. I still refer to this book today.

      During the writing this Bushing book I did discover another bushing book, High Voltage Bushings, by John H Moran, published by Hodgins Printing in 1989 and distributed by Lapp Insulator. This book covers in excellent detail the factory and field testing of bushings.

      Bushings are the most important component of power transformers. Without bushings, the power transformers as we know them could not exist. I have often referred to power transformers as a vehicle to bring bushings to market. The book will review the history of bushings for power transformers; it will review the industry standards that apply to bushings. The book reviews the different technologies used in bushing construction and will examine the techniques used in the selection of bushings for power transformers, it will briefly discuss bushing tests and how they relate to the power transformers. There is a chapter on maintenance and a guide for replacing bushings as well as a guide for investigating a power transformer failure when the bushing is suspect.

      Note that the book is full of acronyms; the meaning of each of them is listed at the end of the book. If you come across an acronym you are not familiar with you can refer to page 87.

      Introduction

      Power transformers have utilized some form of reentrance device to conduct the potential through the grounded transformer tank. As transformers have evolved and increased in MVA and voltage, the bushing has evolved along with the power transformer. This evolution is continuing today as more demands are being placed on the performance and reliability of bushings as well as power transformers. Today, a large part of the evolution is driven by improvements in materials that are used in bushings. The next generations of solid dielectric bushings are a good example of the improvement in materials as they are now applied to 800 kV transmission systems. These bushings no longer rely on oil for internal insulation, making them more flexible when applied to power transformers, while minimizing the threat of fire should there be a bushing failure. Another example of this evolution has been a reliable alternative to porcelain for the outdoor insulator, the SRI.

      From the simple insulator with a conductor used

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