Multiple Choice Questions in Healthcare Quality

Multiple Choice Questions

in

Healthcare Quality

Emad Hammouda

Dipl. (clin. Research), CPHQ, BCPP, CGP, BCPS, RPh

Copyright © 2013 by Emad Hammouda.

Respected Exam Candidate, you have been licensed one copy of this document for personal use only. Any other reproduction or redistribution is strictly prohibited without a written permission from the author.

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Table of Contents

Aknowlegments

Preface

First Edition

Preample

Scoring Procedure

Multiple Choice Questions

Answers

References and Bibliography

Notes

Dear future exams success story

Congratulations on your chance of having this book. The goal of releasing this book was to cover as much as the contents on future exams, as well as providing an insight into typical test taking mistakes and how to overcome them. Standardized tests are a key component of being successful, which only increases the importance of doing well in the high-pressure high-stakes environment of test day. How well you do on this test will have a significant impact on your future and help you execute on test day.The book you are starting to exploit now is designed to exploit areas of weaknesses, and help you avoid the most common errors test takers frequently make.

Aknowlegments

It is with a great delight to extend my profound appreciation and kindest gratitude to Mr. Mohammed H. Al Olabi (Senior Medical Administrator) for his dedication and professionalism contributed to the finalization and reformation of this book. I equally reserve special thanks to Miss. Shahenaz Ahmah Shawqy (Associate excutive) for her continued administrative efforts and inspirational thoughts to release this book into bright light. I am equally grateful to cheer friends and colleague for their guidance, support and constructive criticism along the process of producing this book.

Preface

There is an increasing focus on quality worldwide. When talking about Total Quality Management, Continuous Quality Improvement, Performance Innovation or any other defined term given to the quality movement, the common thread is meeting the needs of those who pay for and use the services and the products provided by an organization. All types of industries, including health care, have lowered costs and improved the quality of their operations and products by striving to meet the needs of the people they serve.

Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) is the process of creating gradual but continuous positive change through acting at the provider and staff levels and implementing a learning culture. Quality service is just as important as quality medicine, because they both contribute to the end result; patient outcomes as the bottom line. Healthcare systems are among the fastest changing economic sector worldwide today. Consequenly, healthcare professionals need to have both guidance and encouragement to continually improve their daily performance and service.

Historically, quality was delegated to a few and focused heavily on the individual, in an effort to find deficiencies and problems were solved retrospectively with the utilization of short-term goals. The transition to quality improvement embraces the entire staff and examines processes in an effort to continuously identify opportunities for improvement focusing on customer satisfaction, patient care, and organizational functions.

CQI is an approach to quality management that builds upon traditional quality assurance methods by emphasizing the organization and systems. It focuses on the process rather than the individual, recognizes both internal and external customers and promotes the need for objective data to analyze and improve processes. The rapid growth and proliferation of managed care organizations in the healthcare industry has caused many public health agencies, providers, employers, and consumers to question the quality of healthcare and the consequences for patient safety. CQI is a collaborative effort that enables people to work together across organizational boundaries to improve shared processes. CQI can take many forms across the campus and includes a wide range of diagnostic and team activities to meet the needs of diverse organizations.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are assessment tools that require examinees to identify the correct answer(s) to a question. It consists of a stem that directly or indirectly poses a question and a set of distracters from which the answer(s) is/are selected. The great strength of the multiple-choice format is its ease and reliability of scoring. Checking answers is mechanical and requires neither interpretation nor special knowledge. Most commonly administered multiple-choice exams are scored by machine and provide statistical information about the exam, such as item difficulty and item-test correlations. For these reasons, multiple-choice questions are popular among instructors offering the advantage of allowing different kinds of questions, at various levels of difficulty. The computerized version of MCQs can cover a large area of knowledge in a short space of time. Using a greater number of questions is beneficial, as a larger set of questions provides better coverage of materials, and students’ test scores are more reliable. The correct answers are pre-specified and hence marking in some respects is objective. The major disadvantage to multiple-choice questions is that they are time-consuming to construct. However, once constructed, multiple-choice questions can be used again, in either original or modified form. Since these tests primarily measure knowledge only, they may be followed or combined with more performance-based assessment methods.

Multiple choice questions may represent an excellent stimulatory way to sharpen professional’s mind through continuous revision and discussion. For a competent healthcare professional, this is definitely expected to be an enjoyable and challenging practice. It is strongly recommended that the participant goes through the challenge by taking out segments of ten questions, answers them by his/her own on writing in a 15 minutes span then and only then checks the answers and plot markings. It is purposely intended to design MCQs in a randomized pattern as it comes in real practice in one way and to deepen the wholesomeness issue of the challenge a professional may face throughout his day-to-day career. Each question along with its answer represents a petit piece of information that can build up a collective value serving to solidify confidence and open a desire for more learning and effective life long education.

By the end of going through answering the last question, one will absolutely notice a considerable lift in knowledge and confidence which is the ultimate goal of this book.

Emad Hammouda, Dipl.(Clin. Research), CPHQ, BCPP, CGP, BCPS, RPh

November, 2012

First Edition

This book was issued, in October 2010, in response to the demands of competent healthcare professionals who are keenly motivated to develop their career. It represents the experience of more than thirty years of practice in healthcare facilities in five middle east and gulf countries. The aim is to provide practical advice, exercise and an assessment tool to improve knowledge and expertise of healthcare professionals in the fascinating field of quality practice. The majority of the information is focused at real subjective situations encountered in every day practice. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is correct, but no liability can be accepted for any inaccuracies or mis-statements of fact contained herein and any feedback is very welcomed. I hope that you will find this book useful and enjoyable as well.

Emad Hammouda, Dipl.(Clin. Research), CPHQ, BCPP, CGP, BCPS, RPh

November, 2012

Preample

Remarkable achievements have been happening in healthcare that people never dreamed of years ago. Medications are being produced that cure diseases that were thought to be incurable. Surgical procedures are being performed that repair anomalies that no one thought could be repaired. Anyone who has been in healthcare for any length of time has to be simply awestruck by the impact advances in technology have had on the quality of care provided to patients. It is truly an exciting time.

Meanwhile, healthcare professionals feel burdened by the pressures put on them by such things as government regulations, insurance companies, or financial limits. Modern technology strongly entering into the healthcare arena can further enhance the quality of care provided and also helps with some of the more burdensome aspects of our jobs. This involves defining more clearly what the customer wants and expects and then consistently delivering—at a minimum level—what the customer wants. In fact, the goal is to surprise and delight the customer with the care given or service provided. At the same time when this is being done, the work involved is done with a minimum of wasted effort and mistakes. Higher quality, higher customer satisfaction, less effort and fewer mistakes, these certainly warrant careful attention from those who work in healthcare.CQI is an exceptionally powerful approach to optimizing performance. By incorporating a management philosophy and implementing tools for understanding and improving the processes in the organization, levels of quality can be attained that are not attainable without CQI.

An example of the management philosophy typically required for CQI is as follows:

• People want to do good work.

• The person who does the job knows the most about that job.

• More can be accomplished by working collaboratively to improve the system than by working individually or by working around the system.

• People are motivated by meaningful feedback about problems to be solved, being involved in determining how to best solve problems and seeing whether the changes made had the desired effect.

• A structured approach to resolving problems using graphical techniques for feedback produces better solutions than an unstructured process (e.g., the ordinary group discussion that is used at most meetings).

• A cooperative, collaborative relationship between labor and management is significantly more effective than an adversarial relationship.

• Improving quality inevitably leads to reduced waste and re-work thereby increasing productivity.

In addition to a management philosophy, CQI in an organization is usually structured around a model that provides an outline to the performance improvement effort. With this background always in mind, exam cadidates are invited to start exploiting questions and elaborate study to fulfill their endeavor to a prosperous career.

Scoring Procedure

1- Each question consists of an initial stem followed by four distractors items identified by the bullet ( ).

2- There is only one correct answer( the most appropriate choice).

3- The applicant Ticks (√) or encircle the correct answer.

4- The marking system is adopted as:

▪ One mark (+1) will be awarded for each correct answer.

▪ A zero mark (0) will be awarded for incorrect choice.

▪ No penalty for guessing.

5- According to applicant’s performance, evaluation level is stated as:

▪ 90-100% : Outstanding.

▪ 85-90% : Very good.

▪ 75-85% : Pass.

▪ 60-75% : Close to pass.

▪ < 60% score : Needs extensive systematic study.

Multiple Choice Questions

Identify the most appropriate choice that completes or answers the question:

1—The following represents an essential element to an effective quality council:

36467.jpg consultation of the legal advisor.

36470.jpg direction from the organization’s quality department.

36472.jpg participation of the strategic planning committee.

36474.jpg involvement of leadership.

2—For a community hospital, patient satisfaction scores demonstrate multiple areas needed for improvement including a need to improve attractiveness of the facility, responsiveness to patient needs, and physician and nursing communication. Based on these results, which of the following would the healthcare quality professional also will be expected to find?

36476.jpg departments are operating independently with little communication between units.

36478.jpg administration is prioritizing and leading units to achieve organizational goals.

36480.jpg departments managers are openly discuss patient satisfaction scores.

36482.jpg employee satisfaction scores in the 90th percentile compared to other peer organizations.

3—Dental department’s monthly case review revealed 240 records meeting criteria and 150 records did not meet the criteria. In calculating the incidence rate, the denominator is

36484.jpg 90

36486.jpg 390

36488.jpg 240

36490.jpg 150

4—Research, Quality Assessment and Quality Improvement:

36492.jpg use scientific methods to test hypothesis and statistical methods to analyze data.

36495.jpg are considered protocols rather than projects.

36497.jpg do not share the aspect of systematic investigation.

36499.jpg do not require documentation of IRB approval before publication.

5—Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is performed

36507.jpg as a preventative measure before an incident occurs.

36511.jpg to immediately investigate an incident that occurred.

36513.jpg if the severity of an incident led to a patient death.

36515.jpg when there is a chance of an incident reoccurring.

6—The relationship between patient satisfaction and hours per patient day on a GOB unit was found to be (r= 0.70, p < 0.05). What is the correlation between these two values?

36517.jpg 0.05

36520.jpg 0.70

36522.jpg 14

36525.jpg 0.49

7—When a case manager wants to demonstrate length of stay data that depicts both common cause and special cause variation, which of the following should be used?

36527.jpg Pareto chart.

36529.jpg Scatter plot.

36531.jpg Shewhart chart.

36533.jpg Frequency plot.

8—In accordance with FDA Categorization for Medications Safety in Pregnancy, which statement is true ?

36535.jpg Category A drugs; no evidence of risk reported in humans so far.

36537.jpg Category B drugs; evidence of risk is only in later trimesters in humans.

36539.jpg Category C drugs; no risk to the fetus in the first trimester in humans.

36542.jpg Category X drugs; risk is documented in animals but not in humans.

9—The leader of a quality improvement team needs to deal effectively with a conflict between two units, it is best to appoint which of the following to its membership?

36550.jpg a human resources representative.

36553.jpg a facilitator.

36555.jpg a risk manager.

36603.jpg a senior safety officer.

10—Which one piece of information is the most usefull to describe the age of population that is served in an anticoagulation monitoring service clinic ?

36724.jpg t-test.

36722.jpg mean.

36718.jpg standard error of the mean (SEM).

36720.jpg chi square test.

11—The primary goal of risk management is to

36604.jpg minimize financial loss associated with legal actions.

36609.jpg perform Failure Mode and Effects Analyses (FMEA).

36611.jpg maintain an effective and timely incident reporting system.

36613.jpg identify the high risk areas of the organization.

12—A 67 years old diabetic patient being taught how to self-administer insulin. Which of the following is the best method to assess this patient’s understanding of the teaching?

36616.jpg patient satisfaction survey.

36619.jpg return demonstration.

36621.jpg family’s ability to verbalize instructions.

36624.jpg written pre—and posttest.

13—All of the following are key aspects of quality EXCEPT:

36626.jpg It depends upon customer perceptions.

36628.jpg It does not change with time.

36630.jpg It considers customers needs.

36632.jpg It promotes high levels of precision.

14—Regarding Meta-analysis, all the following statements are True EXCEPT:

36634.jpg It is a statistical procedure that integrates the results of several independent studies that considered to be combinable.

36636.jpg It doesn’t allow a more objective appraisal of the evidence than traditional narrative reviews.

36639.jpg It provides a more precise estimate of a treatment effect.

36726.jpg It may be biased due to exclusion of relevant studies or inclusion of inadequate studies.

15—The following are reasonable descriptions of variation in process capability EXCEPT:

36641.jpg Extent to which process conforms to the norm.

36643.jpg Distance from perfection.

36646.jpg Degree of distribution about the mean.

36728.jpg Antithesis of quality.

16—Published articles information in scientific journals is set in the following sequence:

36648.jpg Title, Author(s), Journal, Year, Volume, Issue, Page (s).

36650.jpg Journal, Year, Volume, Issue, Page (s), Year, Title.

36652.jpg Author(s), Title, Journal, Year, Volume, Issue, Page (s).

36730.jpg Author(s), Journal, Title, Year, Volume, Issue, Page (s).

17-Your community hospital has coordinated with local municipality authority to convert a busy intersection to a roundabout (i.e., traffic circle) to alleviate long standing congestion, but after completion it was realized that large fire trucks cannot fit through the new configuration. This is an example of:

36654.jpg Quality assurance.

36656.jpg Unintended consequences.

36658.jpg Continuous quality improvement.

36732.jpg ystem re-engineering.

18—All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

36661.jpg Accreditation by the Joint Commission is mandatory for hospitals that bill Medicare for services.

36663.jpg The Institute for Healthcare Improvement is an independent, non-profit organization promoting patient safety initiatives.

36665.jpg The National Quality Forum reviews and endorses voluntary consensus standards.

36668.jpg The Hospital Quality Alliance develops and promotes the utilization of quality measures, such as those addressing surgical wound infections.

19—A team approach to assist in problem solving is most useful when

36671.jpg diverse areas of expertise are required.

36673.jpg the organization’s goals are unclear.

36734.jpg communication challenges exist.

36676.jpg there are adequate resources within the organization.

20—All of the following statements about variation in quality management methods are true EXCEPT:

36678.jpg Special cause variation is best addressed at the specific source.

36680.jpg Special cause variation is typically random in nature.

36682.jpg Common cause variation is also known as (internal variation).

36736.jpg Common cause variation is inherent to any given process.

21—Of a quality improvement perspective, the most desirable state is when:

36686.jpg Best practices have been identified.

36688.jpg Consensus has been achieved and articulated.

36690.jpg Clinical studies identify effective therapies.

36693.jpg Multiple treatment options are being studied.

22—What sampling technique involves selecting the medical record of every fifth patient undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) ?

36695.jpg Convenience.

36697.jpg Stratified.

36700.jpg Simple.

36702.jpg Systematic.

23—All of the following are presently components of National Quality Measures for Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) EXCEPT:

36704.jpg Aspirin at arrival.

36706.jpg Beta blocker prescribed at discharge.

36709.jpg ACEI (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) or ARB (Angiotensin Receptor Blockers) for left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

36738.jpg Long-term lipid-lowering therapy adherence.

24—A utilization management department of a community hospital has collected data on the length of stay and readmission rates. When compared to benchmarks, the length of stay rates are found to be higher and readmission rates are lower. Which of the following is the next step?

36741.jpg Conduct a cost-benefit analysis.

36743.jpg Display readmission rates with a run chart.

40382.jpg Investigate the length of stay rates.

36745.jpg Identify additional benchmarks to compare the data.

25—Meaningful quality process measures must be

36747.jpg feasible and explainable.

36750.jpg relevant and explainable.

36752.jpg valid and identifiable.

40384.jpg relevant and valid.

26—What is ‘iatrogenic illness’?

36755.jpg Illness of the eye.

36758.jpg Illness caused by iatro-genetic factors.

36761.jpg Illness caused by not enough iron in the blood supply.

36763.jpg Illness caused by doctors.

27-All of the following are essential to the implementation of an effective quality improvement project EXCEPT:

36766.jpg The hospital CEO and CFO.

36768.jpg Support and resources from the senior administration.

36770.jpg A clear charge and purpose for the group.

36772.jpg A timeline for work completion and pre-determined reporting structure.

28—When evaluating the components of an existing medication utilization system, priority attention should be given to those steps that:

36774.jpg occur within the pharmacy department.

36776.jpg are the least prone to variation.

36778.jpg cannot be easily observed down stream.

36781.jpg have highly functional checks and balances.

29—Which one piece of information is the most usefull to describe the age of population that is served in a vaccination clinic ?

36783.jpg Pie chart.

36785.jpg Radar chart.

36788.jpg Gantt chart.

36790.jpg Scatter plot.

30—Which of the following is the most practical and mandatory element of the process of developing quality measures for use in the healthcare setting?

36792.jpg Clinical trials.

36794.jpg Evidence-based guidelines.

36796.jpg Hospital/physician quality measures.

36798.jpg Pay for performance.

31—What are psychic externalities?

36801.jpg External costs and benefits to society from having clairvoyants around.

36804.jpg External costs and benefits associated with caring about other people.

36806.jpg External costs and benefits from being at risk of catching diseases from other people.

36808.jpg External costs and benefits from curing other people.

32—In evaluating long waiting times, a healthcare quality professional best demonstrates components related to staffing, methods, measures, materials, and equipment utilizing a

36811.jpg run chart.

36813.jpg histogram.

36815.jpg pie chart.

40386.jpg Ishikawa diagram.

33—Fall prevention programs should include all of the following EXCEPT:

36817.jpg Assessment/reassessment criteria.

36820.jpg An evidence-based risk assessment tool.

36824.jpg Reimbursement criteria.

36829.jpg Postfall assessment criteria.

34—Two hospitals A & B has recently been merged. After 8 months it has been noted that Hospital A has successfully transitioned their staff to new organizational values, while Hospital B is still struggling. Hospital A’s success can be best attributed to

36826.jpg ensuring adoption of new values by all staff.

36831.jpg support of both hospitals’ mission statements.

36833.jpg acceptance of the new mission and vision statements.

36837.jpg integration of technology and databases.

35—An emergency department tracks patient`s mean waiting time from arrival to physician assessment. Data is plotted using a run chart. Which of the following shows a true statistical increase in treatment delays?

36839.jpg 7 consecutive descending data points.

36842.jpg 8 consecutive ascending data points.

36844.jpg data points are close to the mean line.

36846.jpg a zigzag pattern of 10 data points.

36—The two major responsibilities of the FDA for both drugs and devices are

36848.jpg quality and affordability.

36850.jpg safety and effectiveness.

36853.jpg availability and durability.

36855.jpg efficacy and reliability.

37—If you were comparing two treatments for which it is easy to arrive at evaluations of both their costs and consequences in monetary terms. Which method of economic evaluation would be best for comparing them?

36857.jpg Cost-minimisation analysis.

36860.jpg Cost-effectiveness analysis.

36862.jpg Cost-utility analysis.

36864.jpg Cost-benefit.

38—The operations management transformation process in a hospital is primarily which of the following ?

36866.jpg locational.

36868.jpg exchange.

36870.jpg physiological.

36872.jpg storage.

39—This individual developed bar chart techniques for activity scheduling

40388.jpg Elton Mayo.

36875.jpg Adam Smith.

36877.jpg Walter Shewhart.

36880.jpg Henry Gantt.

40—More complex waiting line problems can almost always be handled by:

36883.jpg computer simulation.

36885.jpg mathematical models.

36887.jpg queuing models.

36889.jpg linear programming.

41—Which of the following is NOT associated with the Baldrige Award?

36891.jpg Primary focus is customer satisfaction and quality.

36893.jpg For US firms only.

36895.jpg First awarded in 1989.

36898.jpg It serves as an inexpensive consulting service.

42—The sequential and continual nature of the continuous improvement process is illustrated by the PDCA cycle. PDCA stands for:

36900.jpg plan—do—check—act.

36902.jpg produce—design—catalogue—assess.

36905.jpg plan—development—check—align.

36907.jpg produce—deliver—check—assure.

43—A time sequence chart displaying plotted values of a statistic, including a center line and statistically determined control limits is a:

36911.jpg process flow chart.

36913.jpg scatter diagram.

36915.jpg run chart.

36917.jpg control chart.

44—A Quality Council has created a Patient Safety Council. The council is concerned that staff may see this as another program that has been added to their busy schedules that will eventually go away. The best way for the organization to establish patient safety as an ongoing part of the organization’s culture is to

36919.jpg identify the patient safety goals and how they will be monitored.

36922.jpg display the number of incident reports monthly with lessons learned.

36924.jpg make patient safety a part of the employees’ job descriptions.

36926.jpg include a presentation on patient safety in employee orientation.

45-The following is non-modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease:

36929.jpg Obesity.

36931.jpg Smoking.

36933.jpg Hypertension.

36935.jpg Age.

46—The best way to facilitate change within a healthcare organization is to

36938.jpg communicate through group meetings.

36941.jpg arrange presentations by senior leaders.

36967.jpg communicate through group e-mail.

36943.jpg involve the individuals directly affected by the change.

47—Replacing retrospective review with concurrent review is an example of

36946.jpg a process improvement.

36948.jpg a paradigm shift.

36965.jpg an impowerment process.

36962.jpg productivity enhancement.

48—Who is responsible for notifying Clinical Engineering of any incoming medical equipment (including loaner, demo and rental) in order to complete an acceptance inspection prior to initial use on a patient?

36969.jpg Technical staff of Clinical Engineering.

36971.jpg Purchasing Department.

36973.jpg Each department receiving the equipment.

36975.jpg Nursing Department.

49—Four kinds of cost behaviors in cost accounting are:

36977.jpg Incremental, fixed, variable, and semi-variable.

36979.jpg Discretionary, fixed, variable, and semi-variable.

36981.jpg Direct, indirect, fixed, and variable.

36983.jpg Fixed, variable, semi-variable, and semi-fixed.

50—The overall coordinator responsible for the strategic planning process is

36986.jpg The Board of Directors.

36988.jpg Chief Executive Officer.

36990.jpg Chief Financial Officer.

36992.jpg The Medical Staff.

51—An A team has identified a process for improvement, selected examples of best practice performers, visited those sites, gathered all necessary data, and compiled the results. The most effective next step for the team is to

36995.jpg identify a new future process to benchmark.

36998.jpg implement change back at the team’s site.

37000.jpg compare results to historical data.

40390.jpg make the results public for others to use for benchmarking.

52—Healthcare quality professionals can best communicate organizational values through

37003.jpg disseminating monthly newsletters.

37005.jpg leading by example.

37008.jpg establishing a multidisciplinary task force.

37011.jpg creating a mission statement.

53—External environmental analysis typically includes:

37013.jpg Operating margins and debt capacity.

40392.jpg Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the service area.

37015.jpg Efficiency and staffing ratios.

37017.jpg Quality indicators.

54—Patient’s personal, demographic and insurance information should occur during:

37019.jpg Account follow up.

37021.jpg Discharge.

37023.jpg Preadmission.

37025.jpg Admission.

55—Clinical pathways and guidelines in hospitals are primarily used to

40394.jpg Reduce length of stay.

37027.jpg Improve patient satisfaction.

37030.jpg Identify errors in patient care.

37033.jpg Minimize variation in patient care.

56—Benchmarking is based on identifying which of the following?

37035.jpg Deficiencies.

40396.jpg Statistical control.

37037.jpg Best practices.

37039.jpg Competition.

57—Which of the following are managers who assume that the average employee enjoys work, seeks out responsibility, and is self-directed?

37041.jpg Autocratic managers.

37043.jpg Theory Z managers.

40398.jpg Theory Y managers.

37045.jpg Theory X managers.

58—Some applications of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code information include:

37048.jpg Used to document procedures done by physicians to request publication.

37050.jpg Provides supporting documentation to the service or procedure performed by non-physicians.

37054.jpg Supports correct coding initiatives, supports data requirements for residency program accreditation, and can provide means of identifying cases that fit the criteria for research protocols.

40400.jpg Provides data to support credentialing agencies, Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) reporting, and state licensure requirements.

59-The most effective tool to improve communication between caregivers is known as

37057.jpg SOAP.

37059.jpg PDCA.

37061.jpg PDSA.

37063.jpg SBAR.

60—Extent to which a service achieves its intended outcomes in a real world environmen is known as:

40402.jpg Effeciecy.

37065.jpg Effectiveness.

37067.jpg Efficacy.

37069.jpg Equity.

61—One of the greatest motivators for employees is:

37071.jpg isolation from management.

37082.jpg involvment in political parties.

37073.jpg autonomy.

37076.jpg active listening.

62—The following is an example of a never event or sentinel event

37084.jpg missed dose of an IV antibiotic.

37080.jpg patient fall that results in a bruised tailbone.

37086.jpg fever of 101.2°F after a blood transfusion.

37088.jpg patient suicide in the psychiatric ward.

63—In which area of National Commission on Quality Assurance (NCQA) review do reviewers assess the preventive services, diagnosis, and appropriateness and continuity of care provided to patients?

37090.jpg Utilization management.

37092.jpg Quality assurance.

37094.jpg Medical records.

37096.jpg Member rights and responsibilities.

64—Cost—Effectiveness

37099.jpg is quantitative in consideration.

37102.jpg is the net cost of a project compared to the resultant benefits.

37118.jpg analysis is expressed by monetary units.

37104.jpg results only in saving of costs of a previous service or product.

65—Which of the following are the primary reasons for developing drug formularies?

37106.jpg manage pharmacy costs and promote patient safety.

37108.jpg reduce medication errors and educate physicians.

37111.jpg encourage the appropriate use of medications and minimize inventory.

37114.jpg decrease food and drug interactions and promote patient safety.

66—In addition to the label on a hazardous chemical container, what other information should you read to understand how to handle a hazardous material?

37116.jpg Medical chart.

37120.jpg Employee handbook.

37123.jpg Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).

37126.jpg The Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set.

67—Standards of care based on the knowledge and research of recognized experts are known as

37128.jpg evidence-based guidelines.

37130.jpg pre-established criteria.

37132.jpg benchmark data.

37134.jpg generic screens.

68—Re-engineering can most appropriately be viewed as:

37136.jpg automating processes.

37138.jpg rethinking and redesign of business processes.

37140.jpg reorganizing or flattening organizations.

37142.jpg total quality management.

69—A Gantt chart:

37145.jpg is used to schedule independent activities.

40404.jpg represents an important event in the completion of a project.

37148.jpg relates interdependent activities to their completion time.

37150.jpg uses footstones and inchstones to represent events of lesser importance.

70—Baldrige Award’s guidelines are not used to

37152.jpg Assess leadership outcomes related to carrying out strategic plans

37155.jpg Help define and design total quality systems.

37157.jpg Help improve the computer based information system.

37159.jpg Assess customer satisfaction.

71—Which of the following is an essential component in a performance improvement report?

37161.jpg data analysis and display.

37164.jpg individual performance review.

37166.jpg team composition and attendance.

37170.jpg governing body approval.

72—In the event of a fire staff should follow R.A.C.E. What does that acronym stand for?

37173.jpg RACE out of the building.

37175.jpg Ride the elevator, Ask questions, Call for assistance, Exit.

37177.jpg Report the problem, Assemble staff, Communicate plan, Educate patients.

37179.jpg Remove people in danger, Activate the Alarm, Contain the fire, Extinguish.

73—The most effective way