Otherness and Power: Michael Jackson and His Media Critics
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Otherness and Power - Susan Woodward
Copyright © 2014 Susan Woodward
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted by any means—whether auditory, graphic, mechanical, or electronic—without written permission of both publisher and author, except in the case of brief excerpts used in critical articles and reviews. Unauthorized reproduction of any part of this work is illegal and is punishable by law.
ISBN: 978-0-578-13802-2 (sc)
ISBN: 978-0-578-13817-6 (e)
Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.
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Blackmore Books rev. date: 5/1/2014
BLACKMORE
BOOKS
CONTENTS
Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: American Messiah
Chapter Three: Web Of Fear
Chapter Four: Angelism And Beastialism
Chapter Five: Origins Of Power
Sources
Acknowledgments
About The Author
Endnotes
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
M ichael Jackson’s adult career spanned approximately thirty years, during which time he accrued many millions of ardent fans. His fans saw him as a phenomenally talented singer, songwriter, dancer and producer whose personality seemed to have a sweetness not seen in other pop musicians and a mercurial quality that made him more fascinating to many than other performers of his era.
People who worked with Jackson reported him to be shy, gentlemanly and often genuinely childlike. He was not known to throw his weight around with other musicians, throw entitled tantrums, abuse employees or assault the paparazzi who relentlessly plagued him. People who knew him have remarked on his empathy for others and his extraordinary kindness.
The media, especially in the U.S. and Britain, frequently painted a completely different picture of Jackson. Although he had been seen as eccentric since the early days of his adult fame, the ridicule and vitriol began in earnest in 1984, during the planning of a concert tour with his brothers, and only grew over time. As details of the tour, called the Victory tour, emerged, Jackson was suspected of exploiting his fans’ adulation in the interest of his commercial success. But after the tour was long behind him, Jackson continued to be mocked, sometimes in hateful language, for perceived eccentricities and his changing appearance, and his remarkable talent was often treated dismissively. When he was twice accused of sexually abusing children, most journalists seemed certain of his guilt and did not consider the possibility that Jackson might innocent. A large segment of the public assumed that they were being given an accurate portrayal by reporters and came to adopt as received wisdom the media’s negative representation of Jackson.
How did two such dramatically opposing views of one individual come about? How could Jackson’s fans and many in the media, who after all were reacting to the same set of information, come to such different conclusions, each side fully believing that they were right?
Two reasons have typically been given by Jackson fans for the negative media responses to Jackson: racism and deep discomfort with his otherness,
meaning his supposed eccentricities and his fluid identity signifiers. While these reasons have seemed to me to be obviously true, I had the persistent feeling that there was something else going on. After studying hostile writings about Jackson I began to see that there was another factor to which journalists were reacting, with distrust or even fear: a perception of extraordinary power.
Jackson is often said to have been as famous as the Beatles or Elvis Presley. The Beatles and Elvis were criticized and even to some degree feared by the older generation due to their influence over young people. The negative reaction to Jackson was not generational; his detractors were as likely to be progressive, young (mostly white) people, as well as older people. Jackson’s critics were responding to a radically different quality than that possessed by Elvis or the Beatles: that of a royal or elite person or of even a supernatural being. And this extraordinary power originated from Jackson’s otherness.
The perception of Jackson as other
sprang from his fluid and unreadable identity as well as some of his behavior. The fluid, unreadable traits were his race (he was African American, although, to greatly complicate matters, he appeared to become white), gender (he was clearly male, but a man who was very comfortable with feminine attributes such as a high singing voice, soft speaking voice, an interest in fashion and make-up), sexuality (speculation abounded that he was gay or that he was a pedophile or that he was just asexual), and age (as a child he seemed to be very adult, but as an adult he was notably childlike). His otherness also came from his sometimes unconventional behavior and lifestyle (Neverland, making public appearances with his chimpanzee, and not living with his second wife are examples) and even from the level of his talent as a singer and dancer.
Jackson’s otherness has perhaps has been most eloquently described by Susan Fast in her article The Difference That Exceeded Understanding: Remembering Michael Jackson
: "These differences were impenetrable, uncontainable, and they created enormous anxiety. Please be black, Michael, or white, or gay or straight, father or mother, father to children, not a child yourself, so we at least know how to direct our liberal (in)tolerance. And try not to confuse all the codes simultaneously."¹
I have selected for this book three examples of writing in which the perception of Jackson’s power, and discomfort with it, is made explicit. Unlike the works I have chosen to examine, much of the criticism in the media came in the form of tabloid stories or dismissive reviews of albums or performances. (For a good example, see Jon Pareles, Michael Jackson Is Angry, Understand?
, New York Times, June 18, 1995.) By contrast, the works I have selected are lengthy, detailed pieces that critique Jackson’s life and career in a comprehensive way, rather than focusing on one work or one performance. I believe, however, that the tabloid stories and dismissive reviews also are reacting to Jackson’s unusual power, although they do not usually state it explicitly, as do the authors whose works I analyze here.
All of the authors analyzed in this book perceive Jackson as other,
although in somewhat different ways, and they perceive him as powerful in different ways. In every case, however, the power they feel that Jackson had derived from not just his fame and wealth but also from his