Crop Rotation
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Crop Rotation - Org. Roger Rodrigo Dos Santos - Ed. Adriano Stephan Nascente
Crop rotation is an agronomic practice that provides soil conservation, in addition to controlling diseases, pests, and weeds in agricultural areas. This practice consists of alternating, in a planned way, the cultivation of different plant species on the same land, and in different agricultural years. In other words, if that year was cultivated in an area, in the next agricultural year in that area another plant species must be cultivated, or this cannot be considered crop rotation.
The defined plant species must provide benefits such as agricultural production, and biomass production to improve soil characteristics. With this rotation of species in the same area, benefits can be obtained in the control of plant pests, and diseases due to the difference in the preference of host plants. In addition, the active principles of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides are alternated, providing greater efficiency for these products.
Monoculture - single species cultivated in large areas for several agricultural years - or crop succession (sequence of two plant species in the same agricultural year, such as soybean, and corn in the long term, provide physical degradation, chemical, and biological soil. Additionally, these forms of cultivation (monoculture, and crop succession) provide a reduction in crop productivity, as they favor the development of pests, diseases, and weeds.
The use of crop rotation provides a reduction in these problems. Thus, it appears that the use of crop rotation provides benefits that contribute to soil conservation, and protection. Additionally, it promotes greater diversity of plant species in the same area, providing greater sustainability in agricultural production. The benefits of using crop rotation are:
Promotes positive increments in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil,
It brings better control of pests, diseases, and weeds,
Provides greater biomass production, which results increased in soil organic matter content,
Greater biomass production entails greater soil protection against the impact of raindrops, and erosion,
It is considered one of the pillars of the notification system ,
Due to the improvement of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil, as well as the reduction of pest, disease, and weed infestations, it provides significant increases in productivity of agricultural crops.
However, to obtain the main benefits resulting from the use of crop rotation, the implementation of this practice should be planned, and the following aspects considered:
Always include plant species that provide economic returns to the farmer in the crop rotation scheme, such as soy, common beans, corn, cotton, rice, etc.,
Include plant species from different families, or with different characteristics, in the rotation scheme, as contrasting species provide different benefits to the agricultural system, as well as absorb nutrients in different soil layers, and in different intensities, providing better use of nutrients that will be absorbed in deeper layers of soil, and carried to the surface,
Include plant species that produce a large amount of biomass, and