Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE

PMR 2004

Density of medium / Types of medium Ketumpatan medium/jenis medium

Weight of object X Berat objek X Object X, Type of balance, volume of medium

PMR 2004

6 9 4

6 9 4

PMR 2004

Water

Paraffin Oil Chloroform

PMR 2004

1. Weight of object X varies with the density of the medium

2. Object X is heaviest in paraffin oil

3. Weight of object X in ascending order: Chloroform, water, paraffin oil

6 9 4

PMR 2004

5N

9 4

1.2 ??? 1.2

0.8 1.0 1.4

9N 6N 5N ?N 4

Density

Weight

6 9 4

0.8

PMR 2004

1.0 1.4 Rearranged

9 6 4

1. The higher the density of the medium, the smaller is the weight of object X Semakin bertambah ketumpatan medium, semakin berkurang berat objek X

6 9 4
PMR 2004

Weight of an object varies with the density of the medium. Berat objek X berubah-ubah bergantung kepada ketumpatan medium

PMR 10

Bunsen burner

Tripod stand

Beaker

PMR 10

Chapter 2
CELL- THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE

Nucleus
1 Animal cell 2 Cheek cell

Plant cell
PMR 2004

Cell wall Chloroplast

Protects and maintains the shape of the cell Carries out photosynthesis

Cell wall
Chloroplast Nucleus

PMR 2005

PMR 2005

Cell wall Chloroplast Nucleus

Cell membrane

Cell wall

Chloroplast
Nucleus

PMR 2006

Has cell membrane /nucleus/cytoplasm

Has cell wall /chloroplast/vacuole/nucleus/cytoplasm Has cell membrane/ nucleus/cytoplasm

Has cell membrane/ cytoplasm

PMR 2006

Have cell wall

No cell wall J, L, M
J-Cheek cell L-Nerve cell M-Red blood cell

K
Name of the cells Plant cell

PMR 2006

Have nucleus

No nucleus

J, K, L
Name of the cells J-Cheek cell K-Plant cell L-Nerve cell

M
Red blood cell

PMR 2006

Lung
Kidney Urinary bladder

PMR 2006

The excretory system To removes carbon dioxide from the body

To removes urea/urine from the body

Diagram 1 shows one of the systems in the human body

Trachea A Lung B

PMR 2020
Diagram 1

C Diaphragm
(a) On Diagram 1, label organs A, B and C using the following words Diaphragm (b) Trachea Lung

Name the system in Diagram 1.

The respiratory system

Diagram 1 shows one of the systems in the human body

Trachea A Lung B

PMR 2020
Diagram 1

C Diaphragm

To takes in oxygen from the atmosphere To remove carbon dioxide and water vapour from the body

PMR 2007 Q1 Tissue

Stomach

System

PMR 2007

Cell

Tissue

PMR 2007

PMR 2007

Cell membrane Membran sel

Nucleus Nukleus

PMR 2011

PMR 2011

PMR 2011

Chapter 3
MATTER

PMR 2005

Solid

Liquid

Gas

1. Attraction between particles or 2. Movement of particles

Chapter 4
THE VARIETY OF

RESOURCES ON EARTH

10

PMR 10
Jar P

Shortage of oxygen No food supply

PMR 10
(b) Explain why the fish in one of the jars can still be alive after two days. Terangkan mengapa ikan-ikan di dalam salah satu daripada balang itu masih boleh hidup selepas dua hari.

Has water weed that can supplies oxygen

through the process of photosynthesis. .... [2 marks]

(c) Why does a whale need to rise regularly to the surface of water? Mengapakah seekor ikan paus perlu kerap timbul di permukaan air?

To get oxygen

Sand Pasir

PMR 2011

Salt solution Larutan garam

Filter funnel Corong turas

Element Unsur

PMR 2011

Chapter 5
THE AIR AROUND US

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide

PMR 2008

Nitrogen

0.03%

PMR 2008

8 (a) Diagram 8.1 shows two difference containers, J and K. The grasshoppers in both containers are similar. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan dua bekas berlainan, J dan K. Belalang di dalam keduadua bekas itu adalah serupa.
Plastic cover without hole Penutup plastik tanpa lubang Plastic cover with hole Penutup plastik berlubang

PMR 2009

(i) State one difference between grasshoppers in containers J and K after two days.
Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara belalang dalam bekas J dengan bekas K selepas dua hari.

The grasshopper in J died but the grasshopper in K is still alive

Belalang dalam J mati tetapi belalang dalam K masih hidup

8 (a) Diagram 8.1 shows two difference containers, J and K. The grasshoppers in both containers are similar. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan dua bekas berlainan, J dan K. Belalang di dalam keduadua bekas itu adalah serupa.
Plastic cover without hole Penutup plastik tanpa lubang Plastic cover with hole Penutup plastik berlubang

PMR 2009

(ii) What inference can be made based on the situation inn containers J and K?
Apakah inferens yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan situasi dalam bekas J dan bekas K?

The grasshopper in J died because there is no air @ oxygen

Belalang dalam J mati kerana tiada udara @ oksigen

(b) Diagram 8.2 shows four similar candles being covered by four containers. K, L, M and N, of difference sizes. Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan empat batang lilin yang serupa ditutupi oleh empat bekas, K, L, M dan N, yang bertambah saiz.

Rajah 8.2

PMR 2009

(i) In Table 8.1 record the time taken for the candle in container M to estinguish.
Dalam Jadual 8.1, rekodkan masa yang diambil oleh lilin dalam bekas M untuk padam.

Candle in Container Lilin dalam bekas

Time to extinguish (s) Masa untuk padam (s)

K
L M
Table 8.1

5
8 11

(ii) Predict the time taken for the candle in container N to extinguish. Ramalkan masa yang diambil oleh lilin dalam bekas N untuk padam.

14

PMR 2009

(iii) Based on the data Table 8.1, draw a bar chart to show the time taken for the candle to extinguish in each container. Berdasarkan data pada Jadual 8.1, lukis carta bar untuk menunjukkan masa yang diambil bagi lilin untuk padam dalam setiap bekas.
Time to estinguish (s) Masa untuk padam (s) Candle in Container Lilin dalam bekas Time to extinguish (s) Masa untuk padam (s)

K L M

5 8 11

11

PMR 2009

(c) Based on the bar chart drawn in 8(b)(ii), state the relationship between the size of containers and the time taken for the candles to extinguish. Berdasarkan carta bar yang dilukis di 8(b)(ii), nyatakan hubungan antara saiz bekas dengan masa yang diambil untuk lilin padam.

The bigger the size of the container, the longer the time taken for the candle to extinguish/ Semakin besar saiz bekas, semakin lama masa diambil oleh lilin untuk padam
(d) State the responding variable in this experiment. Nyatakan pembolehubah bergerak balas dalam eksperimen ini.

Time taken for the candle to extinguish/ Masa untuk lilin padam
(e) Predict the time taken for the candle in container K to extinguish if the air in the container is replaced with exhaled air. Ramalkan masa yang diambil bagi lilin dalam bekas K untuk padam jika udara dalam bekas itu digantikan dengan udara hembusan.

Less than 5s @ Shorter time/ Kurang daripada 5s @ Masa lebih pendek

(f) State the operational definition for combustion. Nyatakan definasi secara operasi untuk pembakaran.

Combustion is the time taken for the candle to extinguish

Pembakaran ialah masa yang diambil oleh lilin untuk padam

PMR 2009


PMR 2011

Oxygen in the boiling tube has been used up Oksigen dalam tabung didih telah digunakan

To absorb carbon dioxide Untuk menyerap karbon dioksida

Moves inwards faster Bergerak ke dalam lebih pantas

PMR 2011

Boiling tube P contains more oxygen Tabung didih P mengandungi lebih oksigen

Open the rubber stopper Buka penutup getah

Chapter 6
SOURCES OF ENERGY

PMR 2006

Water/hydro

Wind/Air

PMR 2006

Potential energy kinetic energy electrical energy

PMR 2006

Renewable / cheap / save Free / not polluting

PMR 2006

To generate electricity To move the sailing ships

Grind corn

Chapter 7
HEAT

PMR 2004 ( FORMAT )

Conduction

PMR 2004 ( FORMAT )

Masa paku tekan jatuh lebih cepat pada rod Y diikuti rod X dan Z

PMR 2004 ( FORMAT )

Rod Y adalah konduktor haba yang baik

The mercury will expand and its level goes up PMR 2008

PMR 2008
Because metal L expands more than metal K

PMR 2008

PMR 2008

When the bimetallic is heated, it expands and bends Bimetallic strip touches the contact point and the circuit is complete The electric fire alarm bell rings

No 11

PMR 2007

PMR 2008

The metal cap expands when it is heated by the hot water and becomes loose

10

PMR 2008

PMR 2008

It contracts and becomes tight

The particles become closer

4 (a) Diagram 4.1 shows three activities that produce a type of energy. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan tiga aktiviti yang menghasikan sejenis tenaga.

Rajah 4.1

State the type of energy produced by all the activities. Nyatakan jenis tenaga yang dihasilkan oleh kesemua aktiviti itu.

Heat energy / Tenaga haba

PMR 2009

(b) Diagram 4.2 shows the stages of a burning candle. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat oembakaran sebatang lilin.

Rajah 4.2

(i) State the changes in state of this candle. Nyatakan perubahan keadaan bagi lilin ini.

Solid Liquid Solid / Pepejal Cecair Pepejal

(ii) State the pysical process of P. Nyatakan proses fizikal bagi P.

Melting / Peleburan

PMR 2009

(b) Diagram 4.2 shows the stages of a burning candle. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat oembakaran sebatang lilin.

(iii) What happen to the candle particles during process P? Apakah yang terjadi kepada zarah-zarah lilin ini semasa proses P?

PMR 2009

Kinetic energy increased / Tenaga kinetik bertambah Distance between particles increased / Jarak antara zarah bertambah
(c) Explain what happen to the water particles when water is put in the freezer to form ice cubes. [ 2 marks ] Terangkan apa yang berlaku pada zarah-zarah air apabila air diletakkan di dalam bahagian sejuk beku untuk membentuk ketulan ais.

1. Water particles release heat energy / Zarah-zarah air melepaskan tenaga haba 2. The particles become closer together / Zarah-zarah menjadi lebih rapat PMR 2007