HOW TO WRITE A GOOD SUMMARY - PMR Pre writing 1.

ANSWER the summary question in Section C first before you go to Section A and B. 2. Read the question carefully. Pay extra attention to what/why/how/ causes/ effects / danger/ ways/ precaution/ prevention/ benefits/ dos and donts. Example of the questions. What the writer saw What the writer did What happened How the writer felt How .? Why..? causes effects Pros and Cons Danger . solutions Benefits/advantages disadvantages Precautions/prevention Beri semua yang dinampak Beri semua perbuatan aktif terkawal Semua peristiwa/akibat yang berlaku Beri perasaan yang dialami Cara atau langkah Beri semua punca (cari sebab) Cari punca Cari kesan/akibat Kebaikan dan keburukan Bahaya . Jalan penyelesaian Faedah/ Kebaikan keburukan Langkah berhati-hati atau mencegah

3. Try to find the 10 words given in the text because they lead you to the first point. If, the 10 words is no where in the text, look back at the question; words from the question could be in the text. (Usually the points are directly after the words and in the second paragraph). Check pronouns (I/we, you, she/he/they) given in the question and text. (sometimes they are different). 4. Read the text carefully and underline the main points. Leave out any irrelevant points /elaborations/ examples. Identify at least 5 main points from the text. Drafting 5. List down all the main points. You have to change the pronouns in the text according to the question. Try to rephrase or use your own word. If you are not sure or weak in English, you can copy the sentences directly from the text. Try to join the points and re-organise them. The points must be written in sequences. Then, as far as possible write out your summary using your own words, but use the same tense as in the passage.

Summary writing 6. You are advised to make a table (5x12 or 6x10) to facilitate counting the words written. (1word for each column). You must use /begin your summary with the 10 words given. 7. Write all the points down in your answer sheet. Write in ONE paragraph. 8. Use connectors or whatever suitable words to link the fact. Sentence connectors To show contrast -On the other hand -In contrast -On the contrary, -However -Nevertheless -Despite that / this -Instead -Although Meaning Berbeza dengan Walaubagaimanap un Namun Mr and Mrs Kana are old, nevertheless they are still very active. Ahmad did not answer. Instead, he looked out of the taxi window. Although Kim Long sprained his ankle, he came to school. Akibatnya Atas sebab ini Oleh itu He passed his examination. Therefore / Thus / Hence / Accordingly / Consequently, he had some good news to tell his parents. He lacks motivation to practise music. Therefore, he can't become a good musician. Living in a big city offers good job opportunities. Also, it provides good educational opportunities. Ali plays football. Moreover/ Besides/ Also, he plays tennis. Mei Mei writes short stories. In addition, she writes articles for a newspaper. To complete his homework, Jack went through various history books. Furthermore, he took notes from several encyclopedias. I prefer to buy fruit and vegetables in the open market because they are quite cheap there. Besides, they are much fresher than those sold at the greengrocers. Owning a car has some advantages. Firstly, it gives you comfort. Secondly, it saves you a lot of time. Thirdly, it gives you great freedom of movement. Examples Ali worked hard. On the other hand/ in contrast / however, Halim hardly did any work at all.

To show result -As a consequence -For this reason -Therefore -As a result -Consequently -Hence -Thus -Because of this To show addition / listing -Then -After that -Moreover -Besides -Also -In addition -Furthermore -First / first of all / firstly/ to begin with -Secondly -Thirdly -Finally/Lastly

Selepas itu Tambahan pula Lagi pun Tambahan pula Pertama Sebagai permulaannya Kedua Ketiga Akhirnya

To show similarity - Similarly - Likewise

My two uncles have opened a business in Kuala Lumpur. Similarly, I will open one after my studies. She was late and I, likewise was delayed. 9. Then, count the words. Name of people and places are considered as one word. Examples: Kota Kinabalu, Abu Bakar. Keep to the word limit allowed (60 words including the 10 words given) 10.Do some cutting, pasting and joining; cut redundant words. Make sure that what ever you do would not change the meaning. 11.Write the number of words in brackets as the end of your summary. Begitu juga

Sample Question (Section B, Paper 2 PMR 2005 ) Read the passage below and answer the question that follows:
Although people generally say that television is bad for children, research has proven otherwise. It has been found that TV is an interactive tool that encourages children to develop their social and communicative skills. By watching TV, they are more carefree, open and find it easy to communicate with others. TV also helps them develop their English Language skills through programmes like Sesame Street and Playhouse Disney. It is no secret that their listening abilities are enhanced as well as their speaking and grammar skills. Ultimately, TV also provides them a cheap avenue to first-class knowledge through channels like National Geographic, Discovery, Animal Planet, TV IQ and the various other educational mediums available. Clearly, TV has plenty to offer to our children. It is a waste if parents misunderstand the wealth that TV provides to their children and prevent them from watching it on the excuse that it spoils them. Rewrite on the advantages of television to our children: in continuous writing form. in one paragraph. in your own words as far as possible. in not more than 60 words including the 10 words given below. Begin with: Watching TV brings about many advantages to children, such as .. How to write a summary You have to identify the advantages of watching TV Text [ Teks asal] Although people generally say that television is bad for children, research has proven otherwise. It has been found that TV is an interactive tool that encourages children to develop their social and communicative skills. By watching TV, they are more carefree, open and find it easy to communicate with others. TV also helps them develop their English Language skills through programmes like Sesame Street and Playhouse Disney. It is no secret that their listening abilities are enhanced as well as their speaking and grammar skills. Ultimately, TV also provides them a cheap avenue to first-class knowledge through channels like National Geographic, Discovery, Animal Planet, TV IQ and the various other educational mediums available. Clearly, TV has plenty to offer to our children. It is a waste if parents misunderstand the wealth that TV provides to their children and prevent them from watching it on the excuse that it spoils them.

Penjelasan [isi = P1,2,3,4,5,6,7..] Belum ada isi tidak sebut apaapa kebaikan menonton TV P1. an interactive tool P2. develop social skills P3. develop communicative skills P4. develop their English Language skills [ jangan salin contoh program] [Eng Lang skills sama dgn listening abilities, speaking and grammar skills.] P5. cheap avenue to.. P6. first-class knowledge P7. educational mediums [Jangan salin contoh program] [perenggan ini tidak ada kebaikan yang disebut]

Sample answer 1 (Lemah salin bulat-bulat) Watching television brings about many advantages to children, such as an interactive tool that encourages children to develop their social and communicative skills. TV also helps them develop their English Language skills through programmes like Sesame Street and Playhouse Disney. Ultimately, TV also provides them a cheap avenue to first-class knowledge through channels like National Geographic, Discovery, Animal Planet, TV IQ and the various other educational mediums available. (jangan salin contoh: Nampak perkataan like?)
[50words] [mark: 5 + 2]

Sample answer 2 (Sederhana) Watching television brings about many advantages to children, such as an interactive tool that encourages them to develop their social and communicative skills. It also helps them to develop their English Language skills. It also provides them a cheap avenue to first-class knowledge and is an educational medium to them.
[ 49 words] [mark : 5 + 3]

Sample answer 3 (Cemerlang) Watching television brings about many advantages to children, such as being an interactive tool for them where their social and communicative abilities are enhanced. As an educational medium, TV provides children a cheap avenue to first-class knowledge through its educational programmes, thus enabling them to develop their English Language skills.
[49words] [mark: 5 + 5]

Section B, Paper 2 PMR 2006 Read the passage below and answer the question that follows: More and more animals are surrendered to Zoo Negara. Sometimes, the animals are abandoned at the gates. Zoo Negara accepts the animals for humane reasons but the dumping of these animals poses management problems for the Malaysian Zoological Society. The dumping of animals here has grown tremendously. Most of these animals are those commonly kept as pets. Some animals arrive at the zoo ill and malnourished. Feeding and handling them incur costs. They might even bring diseases and infect other animals. The animals are quarantined for three months before they can go into enclosures or cages, where they are treated for any diseases. As such, they take up the limited quarantine space the zoo has. Zoo Negara is unable to keep all the animals dropped at its doorstep. Thus, they are given away to other zoos. Primates, such as monkeys, are released into the forests as they attack each other in shared enclosures. The zoo does not accept species listed under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) for fear of illegal origins. However, as some of these animals are just left at the zoo, the management has no choice but to take them in. (Adapted from The Star, 2005) Write a summary on why Zoo Negara has problems with the animals left at the gates. Your summary must: not be more than 60 words, including the 10 words given below be in continuous writing (not note form) be written in one paragraph Use your own words as far as possible without changing its original meaning. Begin your summary as follows. Zoo Negara accepts the abandoned animals but the dumping has ....
How to write a summary

The words but the dumping has could be found in Paragraph 2, line 2. Contents to why Zoo Negara has problems with the animals left at the gates: 1. 2. 3. 4. grown tremendously. animals arrive at the zoo ill and malnourished. Feeding and handling them incur costs. They might even bring diseases and infect other animals, so they are quarantined for three months. 5. they take up the limited quarantined space the zoo has. 6. Primates (are released into forests as they) attack each other in shared enclosures. 7. The zoo does not accept species listed under CITES for illegal origins but these animals are also being left at the zoo.

Sample answer 1 (Sederhana) Zoo Negara accepts the abandoned animals but the dumping has ....// grown tremendously. (C1) Animals arrive at the zoo ill and malnourished. (C2) Feeding and handling them incur costs. (C3) They might even bring diseases and infect others. (C4) So, they are quarantined for three months and thus take up the limited quarantined space the zoo has. (C5) Primates are released into forest as they attackeach // other in shared enclosures. The zoo does not accept species listed under CITES for illegal origins but these animals are also being left at the zoo.
[mark : 5 + 3]

Sample answer 2 (Cemerlang) Zoo Negara accepts the abandoned animals but the dumping has ....// grown enormously. (C1) Animals of illegal origins,(C7) malnourished and ailing with infectious diseases (C2) and thus have to be quarantined are being dumped at its doorstep. (C4) Apart from having problem of inadequate quarantined space, (C5) primates also attack each other in shared enclosures. (C6) In addition, Feeding and managing them too incur costs. (C3)
[56 words] [mark : 5 + 5]

Comments / Comparisons: 1. The words are more than 60 words in Sample answer 1 2. Look At How Points In Sample 2 Are Reorganised; Point 7 Going Up While Point 3 At The End. 3. Certain Words, Such As Ill Is Changed To Ailing. 4. Look At How Point 7, 2 And 4 Are Joined.

Section B, Paper 2 PMR 2007

Section B, Paper 2 PMR 2008 Read the passage below and answer the question that follows:

Section B, Paper 2 PMR 2009

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Section B, Paper 2 PMR 2010

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PRACTICE 2:Read the passage below and answer the question that follows: Hello. How are you? Good morning, Have you eaten yet? Where are you going? These are greetings which people use when they meet each other. These are common greetings used by people. A greeting is a way of being friendly to someone. It is not necessary to describe your true condition or feeling. In fact, people reply to the questions with a fixed expression such as Im fine, thanks or Im very well. It is a way of being polite where you address them when you meet them unexpectedly. It is also a way of starting a conversation. People usually nod their head or just smile when they do not intend to start a conversation. Usually a question is used as a greeting: Where are you going? Hows everything with you? But questions like these are not real questions. They do not require a full answer or even a true one. A greeting is usually followed by small talk. Small talk means the little things we talk about at the start of a conversation. People often talk about suitable topics for small talks such as the weather as it is a safe topic compared to religion or politics. Thus, this makes meeting people easier and more comfortable.

Write a summary on why greetings and small talks are necessary in continuous writing form. in one paragraph. in your own words as far as possible. in not more than 60 words including the 10 words given below. Begin with: People use different greetings to greet someone when they meet

Content Points
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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PRACTICE 3:Read the passage below and answer the question that follows: In camping, follow these golden rules. Camp on bare ground where possible. The campsite should be away from trails and dead trees. Avoid slopes, high ridges and wet sites. Do not choose campsites that are below flood level or are highly frequented by wildlife. Set up camp as early as possible and familiarize yourself with the surroundings. This helps to prevent injuries from moving about in the dark at night. Make sure that you bring enough food to last the trip. The food can be fresh, dried or canned. Avoid bringing any food with a strong smell. You will need at least two litres of water per person per day. Use water from a natural source such as a spring. Make sure all water is boiled to eliminate bacteria and contamination. Build your fire away from the tent. Do not cook inside the tent, even if you are using a gas canister. Never burn rubbish, especially plastic, as the fumes are toxic. Make sure the fire is completely put out before you break camp. Do remember your camp etiquette. The campsite is part of nature. In areas of sensitive environments, vegetation takes a long time to recover, so no holes should be dug around there at all. Write a summary on the rules of camping. Your summary must : not be more than 60 words, including the 10 words given below. be in continuous writing (not note form). be written in ONE paragraph. Use your own words as far as possible without changing its original meaning. Begin your summary as follows : The rules of camping would include not choosing campsites that

Content Points
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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Answer (PMR 2008) 1. To occupy their free time. 2. it is a form of relaxation. 3. enriches ones geographical and historical knowledge of countries. 4. We can learn about personalities of countries. 5. enables us to make new friends. 6. enhance family ties. 7. We sell coins for money. Sample answer
Collecting but a our can geography, countries. friends. strengthened when coins also way leisure enhance history is beneficial for and our and we ties we sell not because us relax. knowledge important can can can our only it to interesting is spend we the of new be money

Besides,
about personalities get also get coins.

Futhermore,
Families and we

[Perhatikan gantinama we dan our diguna kalau one diguna, maka ones..]

[ 59 words]

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SAMPLE ANSWER for PRACTICE 3:Write a summary on why greetings and small talks are necessary People use different greetings to greet someone when they meet each other unintentionally. It is a way of being friendly and polite to people. Besides, it is one way of starting an unintentional conversation. After greeting each other, small talks are proceeded. These talks are necessary to make people feel easier and more comfortable to start a conversation. (58 words)

SAMPLE ANSWER for PRACTICE 3:Write a summary on the rules of camping. The rules of camping would include not choosing campsites that are near risky places. Set up camp early, bring enough food and water for the camping trip. Make sure you build your fire away from the tent. Furthermore, never burn rubbish and put off the fire completely before you leave. Lastly, do not dig holes in sensitive environments. (58 words)

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