Ligaments supporting the knee joint

The various ligaments supporting the knee joint are: Fibrous capsule Medial collateral ligament (tibial collateral ligament) Lateral collateral ligament (fibular collateral ligament) Patellar ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Posterior cruciate ligament Oblique popliteal ligament Arcuate popliteal ligament Semilunar cartilage (meniscal cartilage) Transverse ligaments

anatomy

Branches of external carotid artery

Branches of external carotid artery are: Superior thyroid artery Lingual artery Facial artery Occipital artery Posterior auricular artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Maxillary artery Superficial temporal artery 1,2 and 3 are anterior branches. 4 and 5 are posterior branches. Ascending pharyngeal artery is the only medial branch of external carotid artery. Maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery are the terminal branches.

Structures passing deep to flexor retinaculum of the hand

Structures passing deep to flexor retinaculum of the hand are: Median nerve Radial bursa Ulnar bursa Tendons of Flexor carpi radialis Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus Remember Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon does not pass under flexor retinaculum!

Structures passing superficial to flexor retinaculum of the hand

Structures passing superficial to flexor retinaculum of the hand are: Ulnar nerve Ulnar artery and vein Palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve Palmaris longus

Circumventricular organs
Circumventricular organs are those areas of the brain that lie outside the blood brain barrier. They contain receptors which detect changes in body fluids such as osmolality and glucose concentration. The circumventricular organs are: -Subfornical organ -Subcommisural organ -Organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis -Posterior pituitary -Pineal gland -Area postrema -Median eminence