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REAL NUMBERS The set of real numbers consists of: N - set of natural numbers or counting numbers - also called positive integers - {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, } W - set of whole numbers - also called the nonnegative integers - {0, 1, 2, 3, } I/J - set of integers (may use Z) - also called the signed whole numbers - consists of the positive integers, zero, and the negative integers - {, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, } Q - set of rational numbers - numbers which can be expressed as a quotient a/b, b 0, of two integers - includes fractions, repeating decimals and terminating decimals (if in decimal forms) -since an integer can be written as the quotient of the integer and 1, every integer is a rational number Q - set of irrational numbers - non-repeating and non-terminating decimals (in decimal forms) -2, 3, , and 1.010010001 R - set of real numbers - union of rational and irrational numbers Note: The set of rational numbers and irrational numbers are mutually exclusive (have no elements in common)

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SET OPERATIONS 1. Union (union of sets) If A and B are sets, the union A and B, denoted A U B, is the set of all elements that are either in A, in B, or in both. In symbols, A U B= {x|x A or x B} Ex. Given: A={1,2,3,4,5} and B={2,4,6,8} then A U B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ,8} since {x|x is in A or x is in B} 2. Intersection (intersection of sets) If A and B are sets, the intersection of A and B, denoted A B, is the set of all elements that are in both A and B. In symbols, A B = {x|x A and x B} Ex. Given: A={1,2,3,4,5} and B={2,4,6,8} then A B = {2, 4} since {x|x is in A and x is in B} For SUBSETS, A is a subset of B if every of element in A is an element of B. If A={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}and B={2, 4, 6, 8} then, A is not a subset of B

PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS Let a, b, c be any real numbers *R means real number ADDITION a)Closure Property/Axiom If a R and b R then, (a+b) is a real number b)Commutative Property/Axiom a+b=b+a; ex. 5+7 = 7+5 c)Associative Property/Axiom (a+b)+c=a+(b+c); ex. (2+5)+8=2+(5+8) d)Identity Property/Axiom MULTIPLICATION a)Closure Property/Axiom If a R and b R then, (ab) is a real number b)Commutative Property/Axiom ab=ba; ex. 6x(-4) = (-4)x6 c)Associative Property/Axiom (ab)c=a(bc); ex. (5x2)x3 = 5x(2x3) d)Identity Property/Axiom

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a+0=a *0 is the additive identity element; ex. 3+0 = 0+3 = 3 e)Inverse Property/Axiom a+(-a)=0 *-a is the additive inverse or opposite of a; ex. 2 + (-2) = 0

a(1)=a *1 is the multiplicative identity element; ex. 8x1 = 1x8 = 8 e)Inverse Property/Axiom a(1/a)=(1/a)a=1 *1/a is the multiplicative inverse of a; ex. 6(1/6) = 1 f)Zero Property/Axiom of Multiplication a(0)=0 0(a)=0

Distributive Property/Axiom of Multiplication over Addition: a(b+c)= ab+ac ; ex. 4(3+6) = (4x3) + (4x6) ab+ac= a(b+c) ; ex. (5+2)3 = (5x3) + (2x3)

PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY Let a, b, c be any real numbers 1. Reflexive= a=a ; ex. 1=1 2. Symmetric If a=b then b=a ; ex. 1=x, x=1 3. Transitive Property If a=b and b=c, then a=c 4. Addition Property of Equality (APE) If a=b and c R, then a+c=b+c 5. Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE) If a=b and c R, then ac=bc, c 0 6. Substitution Property of Equality If x=a and x+b=c, then a+b=c

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PROPERTIES OF INEQUALITY Let a, b, c be any real numbers 1. Trichotomy Property -for any two real numbers a and b; only one of the following is true. a<b, a>b, a=b 2. Transitive Property of Inequality If a>b and b>c then a>c If a<b and b<c then a<c 3. Addition Property of Inequality/ Subtraction If a<b and c R, then a+c < b+c 4. Multiplication Property of Inequality If a<b and c>0 then ac<bc If a<b and c<0 then ac>bc If a<b and c=0 then ac=bc=0

PROPERTIES OF ZERO Let a, b, and c be any real numbers 1. Division Property of Zero -If zero is divided by any nonzero real number, the result is zero. -0/a = 0 or 0/1 = 0, a 0 2. Division by Zero is Undefined -a/0 is undefined

PROPERTIES OF NEGATION Let a, b, and c be any real numbers 1. Multiplication by -1 -The opposite of real number a can be obtained by multiplying the real number by -1 - (-1)a = -a; (-1)(-a) = a

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2. Placement of a Minus Sign -The opposite of the product of two numbers is equal to the product of one of the numbers and the opposite of the other - (-ab) = (a)(-b) = (-a)(b) 3. Product of Two Opposites -The product of the opposites of two real numbers is equal to the product of two real numbers - (-a)(-b) = ab

INTEGRAL EXPONENTS Definition: Positive Integral Exponent Let a be a nonzero real number and n is a positive integer an = a*a*a*a (n factors of a) an is an exponential expression with base a and exponent or power n ex. 22= 2*2=4, 32=3*3=9 Definition: Zero Exponent a0=1, if a0 ex. (1000)0=1 Definition: Negative Integral Exponent Let a be a nonzero real number and n a positive integer a-n= 1/an , if a 0

RULES OF INTEGRAL EXPONENTS/ LAWS OF EXPONENTS Let a and b be nonzero real numbers m and n are integers 1. Product Rule an * am = an+m ex. (3x2)(5x3) = 15x5 72m+5 * 72-3m= 7-m+7 --> same base so simply add the exponents 2. Power Rule

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(am)n = amn multiply exponents ex. ((b2)5)3 = b(2)(5)(3) = b30 3. Powers of Products (ab)m = am x bm ex. (3x5 y-2)4 = (34)(x5)4(y-2)4 = 81 x20 y-8 = 81 x20/ y8 4. Quotient Rule am/ an = am-n, if m>n and am/ an = 1/ an-m, if m<n ex. 81x5/ 9x3 = 9x2 5. Powers of Quotients (a/c)n = an/ cn ex. [ 2a2b4/ 6ab-3 ] -3 = [ ab7 / 3] -3 = [a-3b-21] / -27 = 27/ a3b21

ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION -combination of constants (arithmetic expressions and numbers), and variables; may also include grouping symbols -constants are fixed values (e, , , 5, a may represent a constant) -variables are letters, and those that have an unknown value TYPES/CLASSIFICATIONS: One term- monomial Two terms- binomial Three terms- trinomial 4 or more terms- multinomial/polynomial Standard form of a polynomial AnXn + An-1Xn-1 + + A1X1 + A0 , where an - leading coefficient; a0 constant term *there is a non-negative integral powers of variables Remark: If all the exponents of a multinomial are non-negative integers, then we all call the expression a polynomial.

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OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS A. Addition and Subtraction -combine like terms of the same literal coefficient Ex. (3x+2y)+(4x-3y) =7x-y (3x+2y)-(x2-2x+y) = -x2+5x+y B. Multiplication of Polynomials -use of distributive property and laws of exponents Ex. 3x(x+1)= 3x2+3x (x+1)(2x2+x-1) =2x3+2x2+x2+x-x-1 =2x3+3x2-1 C. Division of Polynomials -use of distributive property and laws of exponents Ex. 3x2 y3/ 27xy2 = xy/ 9 -12x4 y3/ 15x3 y5 = -4x/ 5y2 SYNTHETIC DIVISION P(x)/ x-a = Q(x) + R/ x-a Steps: 1. Arrange P(x) in descending powers of x 2. Write the detached numerical coefficients of P(x) in a row 3. Write a to the right/left of the coefficients of P(x) 4. Bring down the first number in line 1 to line 3 5. Multiply this number to a and write the result under the second column in line 2 6. Add the numbers in column 2 of line 1 & line 2, and write the result in line 3 7. Using the result in step 6, repeat step 5 and 6 until all numbers in line 1 have been used 8. The last sum in line 3 is the remainder. All the rest are the detached coefficient of the quotient

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Ex. P(x) = x3+2x2-x+1 / x+1

-1

2 -1

-1 -1 -2

1Line 1 2Line 2 3Line 3

1
2

Answer: x +x-2 + 3/ x+1

SPECIAL PRODUCTS 1. a (x + y + z)= ax + ay +az Ex. -3x(2x2 4y + 1) = -6x3+12xy-3x 2. (x + y)(x y)= x2 y2 Ex. (x 4)(x +4) = x2 16 3. (x y)2 = x2 2xy + y2 Ex. (2x + 1)2 = (2x)2 + 2(2x)(1) + (1)2 = 4x2+4x+1 4. (xy)3 = x3 3x2y + 3xy2 y3 Ex. (x 4)3 = x3 3x2(4) + 3x(4)2 (4)3 = x3 12x2 + 48x 64 5. F.O.I.L Method Ex. (x + 3)(x 2) = x2 2x + 3x 6 = x2 +x 6

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6. (x + y +z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2xz +2yz Ex. (2x y +3z)2 = (2x + (-y) + 3z)2 = (2x)2 + (-y)2 + (3z)2 + 2(2x)(-y) + 2(2x)(3z) +2(-y)(3z) = 4x2 + y2 + 9z2 4xy + 12xz 6yz

METHODS OF FACTORING POLYNOMIALS 1. Common Factor Formula: ax + ay = a(x+y) Ex. 15x2 y3 81xy2 = 3xy2 (5xy 27) 25a2 y3 35a6y2 = 5a2 y2 (5y 7a4) 2. Factoring Binomials A. Difference of Two Squares Formula: x2 y2 = (x +y)(x y) Ex. x2 1 = (x - 1)(x +1) 4ab3 16a3b = 4ab (b2 4a2) = 4ab (b - 2a)(b + 2a) B. Sum and Difference of Two Cubes Formulas: x3 + y3 = (x + y)(x2 xy + y2) x3 - y3 = (x - y)(x2 + xy + y2) Ex. 8x6 27y3 = (2x2)3 (3y)3 = (2x2 3y)(4x4 + 6x2 y + 9y2) (2x y)3 8 = (2x y)3 (2)3 = (2x y 2)[(2x y)2 +2(2x y) +4] = (2x y 2)(4x2 4xy + y2 +4x 2y +4) 3. Factoring a Trinomial A. Perfect Square Trinomial Formulas: x2 + 2xy + y2 = (x + y)2 x2 - 2xy + y2 = (x - y)2

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Ex. x2 6x + 9 = (x)2 -2(3)(x) +3(x)2 = (x 3)2 16x2 y4 + 40xy2z + 25z2 (4xy2)2 (5z)2 = ( 4xy2 + 5z)2

B. Factoring a Quadratic (Trial and Error) Ex. x2 5x 36 = (x + 4)(x 9) 5x3 10x2 y 75xy2 = 5x (x2 2xy 15y2) = 5x (x 5y)(x + 3y) 4. Factoring by Grouping A. To produce a common factor Ex. xy + 2x + y+2 = x(y + 2) + (y+2) = (y + 2)(x +1) [x2 +xy 2y2] + [2x 2y] = [(x y)(x + 2y)] + [2(x y)] = (x y)(x + 2y +2) B. To produce a difference of two squares Ex. (x4 + 6x2 + 9) 9y2 (x2 + 3)2 - (3y)2 = (x2 + 3 +3y)(x2+3 3y) 4x2 y2 + 2yz z2 = 4x2 (y2 2yz + z2) = 4x2 (y 2)2 = (2x + y z)(2x y + z) 5. Adding and Subtracting a Perfect Square Ex. x4 + 64 (x4 + 16x2 +64) 16x2 When you divide this by 2, and the square it, you should get the number equal to the third coefficient (in this case, 64) and then put it on the other side of the equation by using the opposite sign (in this case, it was positive so use negative sign for the other side of the equation).

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= (x2 + 8)2 16x2 ---> it is now a difference of two squares = (x2 + 8 + 4x)(x2 +8 4x) X4 11x2 +1 = (x4 2x2 +1) 11x2 +2x = (x2 1)2 9x2 = (x2 -1 +3x)(x2 -1 3x)

RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS -the quotient of two polynomials -when the denominator of a rational expression is zero, the expression is undefined D(x) -application of factoring and laws of exponents

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Radical Expressions and Rational Exponents A radical expression is anything that has a radical sign in it The thing inside the radical sign is the radicand. For example, 5 is the radicand in 5

If you dont see a number on the upper left part of the radical sign called the index, that means its a square root. If there is a number, youre supposed to root it to the nth level. That means, by default 2 is the index. You square root something.
2

4 is just the same as

8 the cube root of 8

4 . (The square root of 4)

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81 the fourth root of 81

Rooting something and raising it to a fraction is the same thing X1/2 = x

So with the basics done, lets go through some rules/laws of radical expressions 1. a1/n =
n

a
n

2. n ab =

ax

b = a 1/n x b1/n = (ab)1/n

n

3. am/n = ( n a )m = 4. 5. 6.
n

am

a/b =

a
n

= (a/b)1/n = a1/n/ b1/n

a n = ( n a )n = a

m n

a = (a1/n)1/m = a 1/mn =
n

mn

7. am/n = 1/

am

Rules for rational expressions 1. ar x as = ar+s 2. ar/ as = ar-s 3. (ar)s = arxs 4. (ab)r = ar x br 5. (a/b)r = ar/ br Simple Operations o Adding or Subtracting You can only add/subtract those with the same radicands.

o Multiplying or Dividing Follow the rules previously discussed

*** FINAL NOTE >> youre not supposed to leave radicals in the denominator. EXAMPLES 1. x4/3 . x5/6 . x2/3

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Step 1 >> All the unknowns are the same, they are all x, so we can use the first rule of rational expressions. To add the exponents, make the bases of the fraction the same. Step 1 = x 8/6 . x5/6 . x4/6 Step 2>> Combine them under one fraction Step 2 = x(-8+5+4 )/ 6 Step 3 >> Simplify Step 3 = x1/6 2. 3 16 x 4 y3 3

54x 4 y3

Step 1 >> Simplify the expressions Step 1 = 2xy

3

2x - 3xy

2x

Step 2 = Wow! We ended up the same radicand. Time to subtract Step 2 = -xy
3

2x

Complex Numbers A complex number is a number consisting of a real and imaginary part. It can be written in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers, and i is the standard imaginary unit What is i? i =

Things to remember about i: i= i3 = -i i4 = 1

i 2= -1

Every multiple of 4 in is basically reverts it back the the first 4. Such that i5= i4x I = 1 x i = i. In this sense, you only need to what the remainder of the exponent is when you divide it by 4. That way you end up with one of the four scenarios possible. Simple Operations Addition: (a + bi) + (c+di) = (a + c) + ( b + d) i

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Subtraction: (a + bi) - (c + di) = (a-c) + (b-d) i Multiplication:

Division:

EXAMPLES: 1. i35 Step 1: =i35 = (i4)8 i3 Step 2: = 1 - i Step 3: = - i 2. 4i + 14i Step 1 : = (4 + 14) i Step 2: = 18i 3.( -1 18 ) / 3

Step 1>> Convert the radicand to something we can work with, separate the REAL part from the imaginary part Step 1 = [-1/3] [( (3 2x2) / 3] Step 2 >> Take out i and 32 from the radicand Step 2 = [-1/3] [(3i 2 ) / 3] Step 3 >> Simplify Step 3 = [-1/3] [(3i 2 ) / 3]

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Linear Equation in Single Variables An EQUATION is a statement that two expressions are equal in value. Isolate the variable to one side and the constants to another to know the value of the variable Variable = Unknown Tip: Brush up a LOT on simplifying expressions and you should do fine EXAMPLE 1. (3/ x2 4x) (2/ 2x2 5x 12) = 9/ 2x2 + 3x = 9/ x(2x+3) ] (x)(2x+3)(x-4)

Step 1: [ 3/(x)(x-4) -

-2/(2x+3)(x-4)

Step 2: 3(2x+3) 2(x) = 9(x-4) Step 3: 6x + 9 -2x = 9x - 36 Step 4: -5x = -45 Step 5: x=9

APPLICATION OF LINEAR EQUATIONS = Computing for Interest Interest = Principal x rate x time Solving for a particular number Converting things (e.g. kilos to pounds, Celsius to Fahrenheit)

Quadratic Equation in Single Variables Basically its just like linear equations except now you have 2 answers instead of one, given no restrictions. This is because a negative number and a positive number, once squared yield the same result. o E.g (-2)2= (2)2= 4 Given an equation where there is a radical sign, once you get the answer, substitute it to the original equation. If there is any term that yields a root of a negative number, remove that from the solution set. Can be done by FACTORING, COMPLETING THE SQUARES, QUADRATIC FORMULA

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QUADRATIC FORMULA =

x = (-b

b 2- 4ac ) / 2a

SOLVING SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATION Solve using: I. By Substitution Method II. By Elimination Method III. By Graphical Solution Method Sample Equation 1: 2x + 3y = 8 3x y = 1 I. Substitution Method: > Using equation 2, isolate a variable to one side. 3x y = 1 3x 1 = y > Using the equation attained, substitute the value of y into equation 1. 1. 2x + 3y = 8

2x + 3 (3x-1) = 8 2x + 9x 3 = 8 11x 3 = 8 11x = 11 x=1

2. 3x 1 = y ; x = 1 3 (1) 1 = y 2=y y=2

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II. Elimination Method: > Align variables. Multiply equation 2 by 3 to cancel out the variable y. 2x + 3y = 8 (3x y = 1) 3 2x + 3y = 8 +) 9x - 3y = 3 11x = 11 x=1 > Substitute the value x to any of the equations to get the value of y. 2x + 3y = 8 2 (1) + 3y = 8 2 + 3y = 8 3y = 6 y=2

III. Graphical Solution: Note: applicable only for two unknowns. > Get x-intercept and y-intercept for both equations. 2x + 3y = 8 X Y Ordered pairs: (4,0) and (0, 2.7) 3x y = 1 X Y Ordered pairs: (0.33,0) and (0,-1) > Graph the attained ordered pairs. The point of intersection of the two equations will give you the answer of x and y 0.33 0 0 -1 4 0 0 2.7

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EXERCISES: Exponents 1. (2a2b3)3 Answer: 8a6b9 2. (2m2n2/ 4n-2) Answer: m2n4/ 2 3. (x-3 y4/ 5) -3 Answer: 125x4/ y12 4. (a2b3c)2 (abc) Answer: a5b7c3 5. (3xyz2/ x-2 y-3 z)-1 (9x2 y3/ z3) Answer: 3/ xyz4

A. Solve the following polynomials 1. Add 4x3 + 7x2 8 to the difference when 4x3 3x2 +2x 1 is subtracted from x3+ 3x2 + 2 Answer: x3 +13x2 2x 5 2. (a + b + 1)(a +b 1) Answer: a2 + 2ab + b2 1 3. x4 (5x2 1)2 Answer: 25x8 10x6 + x4 4. (h2 +4k5)3 Answer: h6 +12h4k5 + 48h2k10 +64k15 5. use synthetic division a. (x3 6x +8) /(x + 2) Answer: x2-2x-2+ 12/ x-2 b. (8x5 6x3 +x 8) /(x + 2) 6. (3x5+9x3-x2) + (4x5-x4+3x3)

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Answer: 7x5 x4+ 12x3 x2 7. (2x3 8x2 +9x) (3x3 + 5x2 -10) Answer: -x3 13x2 + 9x +10 8. (3x+5) (x3-2x2+9x-15) Answer: 3x4 x3 +17x2 -75 9. (9x3y2 + 3xy +54x2 y) / 18 x2 y Answer: xy/2 + 1/6x + 3 10. Use synthetic division (x3 + 8x2 + 10x -25) / x+5 Answer: x2 + 3x -5

B. Factor the following 1. 3a 2ay + 6b 4by Answer: (a + 2b)(3 2y) 2. 16x11 49x7 y9 + 3x3 y13 Answer: x3 y5 (4x2 y2)(4x2 + y2)(x4 3y4) 3. a2 b2 6a 10b 16 Answer: (a + b +2)(a b 8) 4. 1 x2 x3 + x5 Answer: (x 1)(x +1)(x 1)(x2 +x +1) 5. x3 y3 + 8x3 y3 8 Answer: (x 1)(x2+x + 1)(y 2)(y2 +2y +4) 6. y3 9y2 +4y 36 Answer: (y2 + 4)(y 9) 7. m2 n2 14m +6n +40 Answer: (m + n 10)(m n 4) 8. 64a3 + b9 Answer: (4a+b3)(16a2 4ab3 + b6)

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9. 1 81x8 Answer: (1 3x2)(1 + 3x2)(1+ 9x4) 10. 18a3 + 9a2b 10ab2 Answer: a(6a 5)(3a + 4)

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Radical Expressions and Rational Exponents 1. 10xy2 / 3z2 5x2y / 6z3 2. 4 16a / 3.
3

(answer = 4y/ x ) (answer = 2/a) (answer =

3

x/ y

xy 2 )
6

4. (x2 / y1/3 ) 5.( 2 + 3 ) / (4 3 )

(answer = y1/6 / x or

y / x)

( answer = (11 + 6 3 ) / 13 )

D. Complex Numbers 1. 3- i / 2+ i 2. (2 + 3i ) ( 4+ 5i) (ANSWER = 1- i ) (ANSWER = -7 + 22i)

E. Linear Equation in Single Variables 1. You have 115,600 pesos of which you invest in 2 banks. Bank As interest rate is 10%, Bank Bs interest rate is 12%. Over the span of 1 year, the interest from Bank A is equal to twice that of Bank B. How much money did you invest in both banks? Tip 1 : To solve this you have to set up a linear equation Tip 2: Your unknown in this case is MONEY in both banks. Both of which must total up to 115,600) Therefore this must be (x) and (115600-x) I = Prt Working Equation>> x(.10)(1) = 2(115600-x)(.12)(1) PS. It doesnt matter which side has x or 115600-x, the final answer should be the same

Answer Php 81600 must be invested into the 10% bank and Php34,000 at the 12% bank 2. In a school of x number of students, 40 more than a third are students taking up science courses. Within that, . of those are taking Math as their science course. A total of 1/8 of the student population are Math students. How many students are there in this school? Tip 1: To solve this, set up a linear equation Tip 2: Your unknown in this scenario is the number of students.

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Find the common ground in this problem- math students Working equation = (1/8)(x) = . (1/3 x + 40) Answer = 240 students 3. Mocha has 10,000php of which she invests 4000php at Bank A and 6000php at Bank B. The interest rate of Bank B is two-thirds that of Bank A. What must the interest rates be for Mocha to have earned 720php in interest after 1? Tip 1:The unknowns are the interest rates Tip 2: One of the two interest rates are expressed in terms of the other Working Equation: 4000x + 6000(2/3 x) = 720 Answers: 4000 at 9% and 6000 at 6%

F. Quadratic Equation in Single Variables 1. Raynald bought some watermelons for a price of $200. After selling 30 less than what he originally bought, he made up for his original investment already by adding $1.50 per watermelon. How many watermelons did Raynald originally buy? Tip 1: Solve this by setting up a linear equation Tip2: The original amount of all watermelons is $200. 30 less than the original amount of the watermelons multiplied by the price he sold those watermelons for is also equal to 200. Working Equation (number of watermelons sold)(price per melon divided by the number of watermelons originally bought + 1.5) = initial investment (x-30) (200/ x + 1.5) = 200

Answer is 80 2. y2 y 4 =
y 2- y - 2

Tip 1: Let a = y2 - y - 2 Tip 2: Simplify the equation given Tip 1 such that Tip 3: You end up working with an easier equation. a2 - a 2 = 0 Answers: x = (1 13 ) / 2 ; -2, 3

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3. ( 2 y 3 -

y2=

y 1 ) 2

Answers : y = -2 and 3, but only 3 counts because once you substitute -2 into the given equation you get an imaginary number in the terms 4. ( 3x 2 = x +2 )2 Answer : x = 9 and 1, but once plugged into the original equation, only 9 satisfies it. 5. (2x 1/x ) 2- 3( 2x 1/x) 4 = 0 Use the tip in #2. Answers: x = -1, 1/2, (2 3 ) / 2

G. Problem Solving 1. The tens digit of a two digit number is 1 more than the unit digit. If the number divided by the sum of the digit is 6, what is the number? 2 digit number: 54 2. A man invested part of P 15,000 at 12% of the remainder at 8%. If his annual income from the 2 investments is P 1456, how much was invested at each rate?

12% = P 6,400 8% = P 8,600 3. Find 2 consecutive integers whose product is 72. -8, -9 or 8, 9 4. Find the dimensions of a rectangle whose length is 5 less than twice its width and whose area is 63 square units. Width = 7 Length = 9

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H. Systems of Equations: Solve for the unknowns using any of the 3 solutions: Elimination, Substitution, or Graphical Method. 1. x + 3y = 7 2x + 7y = 8 Final answer: x = 25; y= -6 2. 6x + 3y = 2 4x y = 0 Final Answer: x =1/9; y=4/9 3. Solve for the variables x, y, z by elimination: 1. 2x +2y = 2 3x + 2y = -2 2. x + y + z = 4 2x + 3y z = 13 3x -2y + 2z = 3 x= 3 y= 2 z = -1

y= 5 x = -4

4. Solve for the variables x, y, z by substitution: 1. x y =1 4x + 8 = 2y x= -1 y= 2 2. xy=1 3x 6 = 3y = false / no solution

5. Solve for the variables x, y, z by graphical method: 1. 3x + 2y = 3 4x y = -7 (-1 , 3) 2. x + y = 2 3x + 3y = 9 ( no solution )

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I. Operations on Matrices: Solve for the following:

J. Solve using Cramers Rule, Matrix Inversion Method and Gauss-Jordan Elimination Method. 2x 3y + 4z = 11 3x +4y -2z = 10 x -4y +6z=14 Final answer: x=2; y=3; z=4

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K. Linear Inequalities. Find the solution set. 1. 3 + 4x < 7 + 8x Final answer: SS={x l x>-1} 2. -5 < 2x-3 Final answer: SS={x l x>-1} 3. 2x 3 < 9 Final answer: SS={x l x<6} 4. 5x 7 > 3x + 9 Final answer: SS={x l x > 8} 5. 4 3x 20 Final answer: SS={x l x -16/3} 6. 18 4(2x3) 9x Final answer: SS={x l x -30} L. Graph the inequality. 1. 3x + y > 1 2. Y > 4 3. y = 2x + 3

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4. 2x 3y < 6