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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN
CELL
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION OF
THE CELL
Chemical Compound Elements
Organic Compounds
Inorganic Compounds
Lipids
Carbohydrate
Wate s Proteins
r
Nucleic Acid
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION OF
THE CELL
Chemical
Elements
Compound
Inorganic 2 Organic
or more elements
Compound Compoun in a fixed
combined
s ratiods Lipids
2O, CO2
Ex. HCarbohydra
Wate tes
r Proteins
Nucleic
Acid
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION OF
THE CELL
Chemical Elements
Compound
Inorganic Organic
Only one atom
Compound Compoun
Cannot be broken into
s ds Lipids
simpler substance
Carbohydra
Ex. Oxygen, carbon,
Wate
nitrogen. tes Proteins
r
Nucleic
Acid
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION OF
THE CELL
Chemical Elements
Compound
Inorganic No carbon
Organic
Compound Usually
Compoun
s associated
ds with Lipid
non-living s
Carbohydra
Wate tes Protei
r ns
Nucleic
Acid
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION OF
THE CELL
Chemical Elements
Compound
Three types :
i) Monosaccharides
ii) Disaccharides
iii) Polysaccharides
(i) Monosaccharides
Monomers of carbohydrates (the simplest
carbohydrates, one sugar only)
Cannot be broken down into smaller units
Also known as simple sugar. Example:
i. Glucose : Plants & fruits
ii. Fructose : Sweet fruits & honey
iii. Galactose : Milk
Monosaccharides are reducing sugar
(ii) Disaccharides
Combination of 2 monosaccharides through
condensation (lost of water)
Example:
i. Maltose : Glucose + glucose
ii. Sucrose : Glucose + fructose
iii. Lactose : Glucose + galactose
Disaccharides can be broken into their respective
monosaccharides through hydrolysis (add water)
Some are reducing sugars, same are not
(iii) Polysaccharides
Combination of hundreds of monosaccharides
Insoluble in water, not sweet, do not crystallize
Example:
i. Starch : Plants
ii. Glycogen : Animal carbohydrate
reserve
iii. Cellulose : Cell walls of plants
Can be broken into smaller molecule through
hydrolysis
Proteins
Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen
Large complex organic molecules
Monomers that made up protein are
called amino acids
Dipeptide : 2 amino acids linked
together by a peptide bond (through
condensation)
More condensation : polypeptide chain
20 types of amino acid in living things