NEUROANATOMIA

DIENCEPHALON
Prof. dr. Ibrahim Behluli
Fakulteti i Mjekesise Prishtin

Truri i ndrmjetm (Diencephalon)

Thalamus (dorsalis,ventralis) Hypothalamus (area peoptica, chisma opticum, tr.opticus, corpus mamillare, tuber cinereum, infundibulum, neurophypophysis) Epithalamus (habenulae, trigonum habenulae, commissural habenularum, commissura posterior, corpus pineale (glandula pinealis),organum subcommissurale) Subthalamus ( nucleus subthalamicus, zona incerta, fushat e Forelit: H,H1,H2) Metathalamus (corpus geniculatum laterale, corpus geniculatum mediale)

Diencephalon (shikuar nga lart)

Diencephalon (shikuar nga posht)

Diencephalon (shikuar nga posht) Hypothalamus

Diencephalon (faqja mediale)

Diencephalon (prerje mediosagjitale)

Ndarja topografike e brthamave t talamusit

Nuclei anteriores (thalami): (nucleus anterodorsalis, anteroventralis et anteromedialis) Nuclei mediani (thalami): (nuclei paraventriculares, nc. rhomboidalis, nc.reuniens, nc.parathenialis) Nuclei mediales (thalami): nucleus medialis dorsalis (MD) Nuclei intralaminares/reticulares (thalami): (nc.centromediaus, nc.paracentralis, nc.parafascicularis, nc.centralis lateralis, nc.centralis meais) Nuclei ventrales (thalami): (nc.ventralis anterior, nc.ventralis lateralis, nc.ventralis posterior: posterolateralis et posteromedialis) Nuclei dorsales (thalami): (nc.dorsalis anterior, nc.dorsalis posterior, nuclei posteriores) Nucleus reticularis

Ndarja funksionale e brthamave t talamusit

Brthamat sensorike rele (nc.ventralis posterior, corpus geniculatum laterale et mediale Brthamat motorike rele (nc.ventralis anterior et nc.ventralis lateralis) Brthamat rele ARAS (nc.mediani et nc.intralaminares) Brthamat limbike rele (nc.anterior, nc.lateralis dorsalis dhe pjes e nc.dm) Brthamat associative rele (nc.pulvinaris, nc.lateralis posterior dhe pjes e dm)

Brthamat specifike t talamusit

Brthamat sensorike rele

Brthamat motorike rele

Brthamat associative rele

Brthamat jospecifike (integrative) t talamusit

Brthamat intralaminare Brthama retikulare

Brthama dorzomediale

Thalamus (prerje frontale)

Rrezatimi talamokortikal

Brthamat e talamusit

Brthamat e talamusit

Diencephalon (prerje frontale n nivel t brthamave t pasme t talamusit)

Diencephalon (prerje frontale n nivel t trupave mamilar)

Diencephalon (prerje frontale n nivel t tuber cinereum)

Diencephalon (prerje frontale n nivel t infundibulum)

Kmbzat/rrezatimi e/i talamusit (Pedunculi thalamici/radioatio thalamica)

Pedunculus thalamicus anterior (lidh nuclei anteriores et nc. ventralis anterior/lateralis me korteksin prefrontal, fushn 4 dhe 6 kortikale) Pedunculus thalami superior (lidh nc. ventrolateralis/ ventromedialis, nc.pulvinaris me fushn 3,1,2 kortikale (somatosensitive primare) Pedunculus thalami posterior (lidh nc.pulvinaris me korteksin parietal, occipital dhe temporal, prve fushs primare vizuele) Pedunculus thalami inferior (komponenta e prparme lidh brthamat rostromediale t talamusit me corpus amigdaloiodeum, lobus piriformis dhe faqen orbitale t lobit frontal), kurse komponenta e pasme e saj corpus geniculatum mediale dhe corpus geniculatum laterale me gyri temporales transversi dhe area 17)

Sistemi talamokortikal

Thalamus (prerje horizontale e trurit)

Kmbzat e talamusit (pedunculi thalami)

Ndarja e hipotalamusit n regjione

Regio hypothalamica anterior (supraoptik)
Regio hypothalamica intermedia (tuberoinfundibular)

Regio hypothalamica posterior (mamilar)

Regio hypothalamica anterior (regjioni supraoptik)

Nucleus preopticus medialis/lateralis Nucleus supraopticus Nucleus paraventricularis

Nucleus hypothalamicus anterior

Regio hypothalamica intermedia (regjioni tuberoinfundibular)

Nuclei tuberales
Nucleus hypothalamicus vetromedialis

Nucleus hypothalamicus dorsomedialis

Nucleus hypothalamicus dorsalis Nucleus periventricualris posterior Nucleus infundibularis (arcuatus)

Regio hypothalamica posterior (regjioni mamilar)

Nucleus corporis mamillaris madialis Nucleus corporis mamillaris lateralis

Nucleus hypothalamicus posterior

Brthamat e hipotalamusit

Brthamat e hipotalamusit

Prerje frontale e regjioneve t hipotalamusit

Prerje frontale e hipotalamusit n nivel t regjionit supraoptik

Prerje frontale e hipotalamusit n nivel t regjionit tuberoinfundibular

Prerje frontale e hipotalamusit n nivel t regjionit mamilar

Lidhjet aferente t hipotalamusit

Medial forebrain bundle (MFB): Fasciculus prosencephalicus medialis Fijet hipokampo-hipotalamike (fornix) Fijet kortiko-hipotalamike Fijet amigdalo-hipotalamike (stria terminalis) Fijet talamo-hipotalamike Fijet aferente nga formacioni retikular (pedunculus mammillaris, fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis) Fijet retino-hipotalamike

Lidhjet eferente t hipotalamusit

Lidhjet hipotalamo-hipofizare (tr.hypothalamohypophysialis: tr.supraoptico-hypophysialis, tr.paraventriculohypophysialis s.tr.tuberoinfundibularis) Fijet hipotalamo-talamike (fasciculus mamillothalamicus) Fijet hipotalamo-tegmentale (tr.mamillo-tegmentalis) Komponenta descendente e MFB Komponenta descendente e fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis

Diagrami i lidhjeve t hipotalamusit

Lidhjet aferente t hipotalamusit

Sistemi hipotalamo-hipofizar

Rrugt hipotalamo-hipofizare

Sistemi portal i hipofizs

Lidhjet vaskulonervore hipotalamo-hipofizare

Vaskularizimi arterial i hipotalamusit dhe hipofizs

Sistemi portal i hipofizs

Sistemi hipofizal portal (SEM)

Ndarja e hipofizs

Zhvillimi i hipofizs

Sistemi hipotalamo-adenohipofizar