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HelpNo Oxygen!!!
CATALYST
C6H1206 + 602 6C02 +6H20
Fig. 9-16
H+
H+
H+
H+ Protein complex of electron carriers Q Cyt c
ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation
No Oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration
Similar to cellular respiration (still uses an ETC), but a different electron acceptor is used at the end Example:
Sulfate reducing marine bacteria use sulfate ion (SO42-). Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is produced as a by-product rather than water
Anaerobic Respiration
Fermentation
Fig. 9-18a
2 ADP + 2 P
2 ATP
Glucose
2 Acetaldehyde
Fig. 9-18b
2 ADP + 2
2 ATP
Glucose
Glycolysis
2 NAD+
2 NADH + 2 H+
2 Pyruvate
2 Lactate
(b) Lactic acid fermentation
Obligate anaerobes carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2 Yeast and many bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration In a facultative anaerobe, pyruvate is a fork in the metabolic road that leads to two alternative catabolic routes
Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 9-19
CYTOSOL
MITOCHONDRION
ATP Outputs??
Fermentation
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Amino acids
Sugars
Glycerol
Fatty acids
Glycolysis Glucose
Glyceraldehyde-3-
NH3
Pyruvate
Acetyl CoA
Oxidative phosphorylation
Discussion Question #1
Consider the NADH formed during glycolysis. What is the final acceptor for its electrons during aerobic respiration? What is the final acceptor for its electrons during fermentation?
Discussion Question #2
A glucose-fed yeast cell is moved from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one. For the cell to continue generating ATP at the same rate, how would its rate of glucose consumption need to change?
Discussion Question #3
In the 1960s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a drug called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after a few patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmosis machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. Explain how this causes weight loss.
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