1

10

-1

7
11


.
-2
-3

Cl2 , F2

-4
.
Cl2 + 2 K Br
2 K Cl +Br2
Br2 + 2 K I
2 K Br + I2
-5 ) (
) ( ) )

Cl

Br
I
At
:

12

13

14

15

:

:

1681

50


.


1883

16


1850

1914.

1936.

1989
.


2008 450

17

18

(1
(2
(3

.

.

104,5


.

.1
.

.2
) (
) 100 0
.3
( .
19


.4


.
.5


.
. 6 /
.
.
7
. 8

.
- 9
.

H2O H2 + O2


.1
.

.2
.
.
.3
.
.4
)
.5


) ( 191 0
20

 -1
0
-2
0 1990

0

-1 0

0
-2
2005
.

160 1997

.

-1 0
-2
.
-3

:
21

 ) (

) (

.





.

-1
.
-2 .
.
.
.

22

23

 :


0
0

24


20.6
8862
8862

25

1000

8.862

=
57.6
=

37 = 57.6
20.6
=

26

= 6.5