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h 2 2 ( x , t) ( x , t) 2 d 2 ( x) + V ( x) (x , t)=i + V ( x)( x)=E (x ) ; = ; 2 2 2 2m t 2m d x x * * Notacin bra-ket: < x> = x d x ; < > = d x 2 < p x> < x> < p 2> < x > 2 x < x> = < px> = ; <x>= ; < p 2> = x < > < > < > < > Si las funciones de onda estn normalizadas, los denominadores seran la unidad. 2 2 x= < x 2> < x > 2 p x = < p x > < p x > Principio de incertidumbre: x p x 2 2 2 2 2 h 2 n x E= n= n 2 n=1, 2, 3 sin Partcula en caja unidimensional: ( x)= ; 2 2 L L 2m L 8m L 1 2 2 1 L 1 1 < x> = (n) ; < x > = L 2 2 ; x= x = L 3 n22 2 2 12 2n 2 n n2 2 < p x > =0 (n) ; < p 2> = n ; p x = p = x p x= 2 x L L 2 3 2
( )
x
( )
( )
m 1 0 ( x)= eax / 2 ; = ; E 0 = = 2 2m
1 2 Y m ( , )=l( l+1) 2 Y m ( , ) z Y m ( , )=m Y lm ( , ) e L l L l l 3 ao Integrales tiles en Mecnica cuntica. Integrales definidas: n! 1 n a x 1 ax x e d x= n+ 1 ; x ea x d x= 1 ; ea x d x= e d x= a ; 2 a 2a a 0 0 0 0 1s (r )=100 (r )=
r ao
2 n a x 3 x 2 ea x d x= 4 2 ; x 4 ea x d x= 8 a 5 ; x e d x= 3/ /2 a
2 2
Integrales indefinidas: ea x ea x d x = + C ; a
x e a x d x=
ea x 1 x + C ; a a
( )
x 2 e a x d x= ea
ax
x 2
x 2 sin 2 (a x) d x=
Funcin par, f (-x) = f (x),
f ( x )d x=0
a