TransientThermalAnalysisofaFin

Acylindricalcopperfinconductsheatawayfromitsbaseat100
0
Candtransfersittoasurroundingfluid
at25
0
Cthroughconvection.Theconvectionheattransfercoefficientis 1u
w
m
2
K
.Thecopperhasa
thermalconductivity(k)of398
w
mK
,aspecificheat(C
p
)of385
]
kgK
,andadensityof8933
kg
m
3
.Determine
thefollowing:
(a) thetimetoreachsteadystate
(b) thesteadystatetemperaturedistribution(usingatransientanalysis)
(c) thetemperaturedistributionafter50seconds
(d) theanimatedhistoryoftemperatureinthefinovertime
(e) thesteadystateheattransferratethroughthebaseofthefin(usingatransientanalysis)
(f) thesteadystatetemperaturedistributionandheattransferratethroughthebaseusinga
steadystatethermalanalysis
Forthetransientanalysis,wewillassumethatthefinhasaninitialtemperatureof25
0
C.Attimet=0,
heatwillbegintoflowfromthebaseintothefinwheresomeoftheheatisstored(hencetheneedfor
thespecificheatanddensity)andsomeofitisconvectedaway.Afteraperiodoftime,thetemperature
distributioninthefinwillbecomesteady.Steadystatesolutionsrequirethatthesystemofequations
definingthemodelbesolvedonlyONCE,whiletransientsolutionsrequireanewsolutionforeachtime
step.Forexample,ANSYSwilldeterminethetemperaturedistributionatt=0.1sbasedontheinitial
conditions.Next,ANSYSwilldeterminethetemperaturedistributionatt=0.2sbasedonthe
temperaturedistributionatt=0.1s(andsoon).Solutionaccuracyisafunctionofthesizeofthetime
stepsaswellascharacteristicsofthemesh.

400mm
AmbientTemp=25
0
C
h=10W/m
2
.K
Basetemperature=100
0
C
25mm
TRANSIENTSOLUTION
BuildModel:
1. Preprocessor>Elementtype>Add/Edit/Delete>(Add)>ThermalMass>Solid>(Solid87)>OK
(this10nodetetrahedralelementworkswellforthecurvededgesofthefin)
2. Preprocessor>Materialproperties>Materialmodels>Thermal>
EnterConductivity>Isotropic>KXX=398,SpecificheatC=385,DensityDENS=8933
3. Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Solidcylinder>WPX=0,WPY=0,
Radius=0.0125,Depth=0.4(usePlotCtrlstoviewanisometricofthecylinder)
4. Preprocessor>Meshing>Meshtool>Turnon
smartsizeto4>Mesh>Volumes>Mesh
>(Pickthebody)>OK

DefineLoads,TimeSteppingOptions,OutputOptions&Solve:
5. Solution>AnalysisType>NewAnalysis>Transient>OK>Full>OK
6. Solution>DefineLoads>Apply>Thermal>Temperature>OnAreas>(pickbaseoffin)>TEMP
100>OK
7. Solution>DefineLoads>Apply>Thermal>Convection>OnAreas>(pickalloftheareas
exceptforthebasethereare3justclick3timesnearthetipofthefin)>FilmCoefficient=
10,BulkTemperature=25>OK
8. Solution>DefineLoads>Apply>InitialConditn>Define>PickAll>Lab=TEMP,VALUE=25
(ANSYSwillrememberthebasetemperatureandtheconvectionconditionsyouenteredforthesteady
statesolution,soyoudonthavetoreenterthem.YoucanusetheListtooltoviewtheseconditions)
9. Solution>LoadStepOpts>Time/Frequenc>TimeTimeStep>SetTIME=10000(atthetop),
KBC=stepped,AUTOTS=ProgChosen,Minimumtimestepsize=0.01,maximumtimestepsize
=200>OK(WewilllettheANSYStakechargeofchoosingtheappropriatetimestep,limitingthetime
stepto200s)
10. Solution>LoadStepOpts>OutputCtrls>DB/ResultsFile>FREQ=everysubstep>OK(setting
thisoptionwillallowustoseecontourplotsandobtainotherresultsatanytimestepbetweent=0andt
=10,000s)
11. Solution>Solve>CurrentLS>OK
Itwilltakethemodelawhiletorunsinceitwillrequireatleast50timesteps(maxtime=10000divided
bymaximumtimestep=200)
TimeHistoryPostProcessing:

12. Timehistpostproc>Define
Variables>Add>NodalDOF
Result>OK>Selectanode
randomlyatthemiddleof
theendofthefin>OK>
NVAR=2,DOFsolution
=Temp>OK

13. TimehistPostproc>Graph
Variables>NVAR1=2>OK
(Thisgivesthevariationof
temperaturewithrespectto
timeatthatnode.Noticethat
steadystateconditionsare
reachedatabout3000s,witha
valueof80degreesCatthetip)

14. TimehistPostproc>ListVariables>NVAR1=2>OK(thisliststhetemperatureasafunctionoftime
atthetip,asshownbelow)

TI ME TEMP
1. 0000 25. 0000
1. 4996 25. 0000
1. 8532 25. 0000
2. 2069 25. 0000
3. 1585 25. 0000
4. 6611 25. 0000
6. 9792 25. 0000
10. 514 25. 0000
15. 871 25. 0002
23. 959 25. 0038
36. 129 25. 0393
54. 375 25. 2498
81. 646 26. 0619
122. 92 28. 2982
189. 89 33. 2269
310. 34 42. 2421
499. 94 53. 3552
699. 94 61. 7352
899. 94 67. 5764
1099. 9 71. 6141
1299. 9 74. 3972
1499. 9 76. 3137
1699. 9 77. 6330
1899. 9 78. 5412
2099. 9 79. 1663
2299. 9 79. 5965
2499. 9 79. 8927
2699. 9 80. 0965
2899. 9 80. 2368
3099. 9 80. 3334
3299. 9 80. 3998
3499. 9 80. 4456


TI ME TEMP
3699. 9 80. 4771
3899. 9 80. 4987
4099. 9 80. 5136
4299. 9 80. 5239
4499. 9 80. 5310
4699. 9 80. 5358
4899. 9 80. 5392
5099. 9 80. 5415
5299. 9 80. 5431
5499. 9 80. 5442
5699. 9 80. 5449
5899. 9 80. 5454
6099. 9 80. 5458
6299. 9 80. 5460
6499. 9 80. 5462
6699. 9 80. 5463
6899. 9 80. 5464
7099. 9 80. 5465
7299. 9 80. 5465
7499. 9 80. 5465
7699. 9 80. 5465
7899. 9 80. 5466
8099. 9 80. 5466
8299. 9 80. 5466
8499. 9 80. 5466
8699. 9 80. 5466
8899. 9 80. 5466
9099. 9 80. 5466
9299. 9 80. 5466
9499. 9 80. 5466
9699. 9 80. 5466
9899. 9 80. 5466
10000. 80. 5466

GeneralPostProcessing:

15. GeneralPostproc>ReadResults
>LastSet

16. GeneralPostproc>PlotResults>
ContourPlot>NodalSolution>
DOFSolution>Nodal
Temperature>OK(thisisthe
temperaturedistributionat10,000s
orthesteadystatetemperatures)

17. GeneralPostproc>ReadResults
>ByTime/Freq>EnterTIME=50
>OK

18. GeneralPostproc>PlotResults>
ContourPlot>NodalSolution>
DOFSolution>Nodal
Temperature>OK(thisisthe
temperaturedistributionat50s)

19. GeneralPostproc>Read
results>Bytime/freq>
EnterTIME=180>OK

20. GeneralPostproc>Plot
results>Contourplot>
Nodalsolution>DOF
solution>Nodal
temperature>OK
(Noticethechangesinthe
temperaturedistribution
relativetothe
temperaturesat50s.
Highertemperaturesare
movingfurtherdownthe
rod.)

21. PlotCtrls>Animate>OverTime>clickonTimeRangeandenter0foraminimumtimeand3000
foramaximumtime>OK(Thiswillshowananimationoftemperaturewithtime.Youcanvary
settings.)
22. GeneralPostproc>ReadResults>LastSet
23. GeneralPostproc>ListResults>ReactionSolu>Heatflow>OK(scrolltothebottomofthelistto
seethatthesteadystatetotalheatflowthroughthebaseofthefinis19.7W)

STEADYSTATESOLUTION

Thetransientsolutionmustconvergetothesteadystatesolution.Itisimportanttocheckthetransient
solutionusingasteadystateanalysis.Thesteadystatemodeldoesnotrelyontheheatcapacity,
density,orinitialconditions.
BuildModel:
1. Preprocessor>Elementtype>Add/Edit/Delete>(Add)>ThermalMass>Solid>(Solid87)>OK
(this10nodetetrahedralelementworkswellforthecurvededgesofthefin)
2. Preprocessor>Materialproperties>Materialmodels>Thermal>
EnterConductivity>Isotropic>KXX=398
3. Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Solidcylinder>WPX=0,WPY=0,
Radius=0.0125,Depth=0.4(usePlotCtrlstoviewanisometricofthecylinder)
4. Preprocessor>Meshing>Meshtool>Turnon
smartsizeto4>Mesh>Volumes>Mesh
>(Pickthebody)>OK

DefineLoads&Solve:

5. Solution>Analysistype>Newanalysis>SteadyState>OK
6. Solution>DefineLoads>Apply>Thermal>Temperature>OnAreas>(pickbaseoffin)>TEMP
100>OK
7. Solution>DefineLoads>Apply>Thermal>Convection>OnAreas>(pickalloftheareas
exceptforthebasethereare3justclick3timesnearthetipofthefin)>FilmCoefficient=
10,BulkTemperature=25>OK
8. Solution>Solve>CurrentLS>OK
PostProcessing:
9. GeneralPostproc>PlotResults>ContourPlot>NodalSolu>DOFSolution>Nodal
Temperature>OK(thesteadystatetemperatureofthetipis80.5
0
C)

10. GeneralPostproc>ListResults>ReactionSolu>Heatflow>OK(scrolltothebottomofthelistto
seethatthetotalheatflowthroughthebaseofthefinis19.7W)
Noticethatthesteadystateresultsareroughlyidenticaltothetransientresultsafter3000seconds.
ThistutorialwasdevelopedbyDavidHallandSaiRaviKanthTummala2008