Reference

Calculation
A-2.3 DESIGN TO CONTROL EARLY THERMAL CRACKING, CONT. A-2.3.2 BD 28/87 Approach A-2.3.2.1 To Control Crack Spacing

Output

BD28/87 cl5.1

Min. r/f required, Char. tensile strength of r/f, Char. cube strength of concrete , Tensile strength of immature concrete,

As,CS

= (fct* / fy ) Ac = = = 0.12(fcu) = =
0.7

fy fcu fct*

415 MPa 35 MPa 1.45 MPa 175 mm 175 x 1000 175000 mm /m 610 mm2/m
As,CS = 610 mm2/m
2

BD28/87 cl5.2

Thickness of effective concrete, Considering a metre run, Area of effective concrete, Therefore,
As,CS

Ac

= = =

BD28/87 cl5.3

A-2.3.2.2 To Ensre that Crack Widths do not exceed the permissble values As,CW = (fct* / fb) Ac ( / 2w) [R (sh + th) - 0.5ult] Required r/f area, Ratio of the tensile strength of immature concrete to the average bond strength between the r/f and immature concrete

BD28/87 cl5.4

For Type 2 deformed bars, Permissible crack width Assuming a severe env.condition Bar size Try

(fct* / fb)

0.67

BS 5400 :Pt 4: 1990, Table 1

0.20 mm

12 mm

BS 5400 Pt 4 : 1990 Appendix C.3

Determination of Shrinkage Strain Assuming concrete is protected from excessive losses of moisture during the early days and neglecting the effects of creep Shrinkage strain,

sh
kL
3

= kL kc ke kj = = = = = 200 1.1 0.85 0.35 65

Fig.14 Fig.11 Fig.15 Fig.13

Taking a RH : 80% For w/c: 0.45 & cement con: 400kg/m For an effective thickness : Considering 75 days since loading Therefore, Determination of Thermal Strain Thermal strain, Coeff. of thermal expansion of concrete, Short-term fall in temperature, Long-term fall in temperature,

kc ke kj

sh

BD28/87 cl5.7

th
T1 T2

= 0.8(T1+ T2) = = =
o 12 per C o 53 C o 0 C

( As the length ( or width) of member<15 m effects of T2 are ingoned) th

Therefore,

509

BD28/87 cl5.3

Ultimate Tensile strain capacity of concrete ult Assuming Restraint factor

200

A-2.3.2.2a Cast onto blinding/pile proppings, the early thermal

movement of concrete would be restrained externally along the bottom edge

BD28/87 cl5.11

Assuming reasonably
A-2.3.2.2b Least dim of member

Rexternal h b l

= = = =

0.6 2.700 m 2.700 m 9.400 m 1 m 4 m

0.5

intermediate dim Longest dim

BD28/87 cl6.3 BD28/87 cl5.11

h > and h+b > The member would be restrained internally as well Rinternal =

It follows that there is a combined internal and external restraint for the bottom face while only an internal restraint applies in respect of the top face a . Required r/f area considering the external restraint 860 mm2/m = As cw external b . Required r/f area considering the internal restraint As cw internal =
BD28/87 cl6.4

2 658 mm /m

A-2.3.2.3a Provision of reinforcement - Bottom/Transverse direction

requirement given by
Therefore, provide T 12 @ 100 mm
BD28/87 cl6.4

860 mm2/m

As, req =

2 860 mm /m

Asp

2 1131 mm /m

AS,PROV,BOT,TRANS =
2 1131 mm /m

A-2.3.2.3b Provision of reinforcement - Bottom/Longitudinal direction

requirement given by
Therefore, provide T 12 @ 100 mm Asp

=
=

860 mm2/m
2 1131 mm /m

As, req =

2 860 mm /m

AS,PROV,BOT,LONGI =
2 1131 mm /m

BD28/87 cl6.3 +

A-2.3.2.3c Provision of reinforcement - in respect of internal restraint

requirement given by

658 mm2/m
As, req = 658 mm2/m

Therefore, provide T 12 @ 100 mm

Asp

2 1131 mm /m

AS,PROV,top =
2 1131 mm /m

This reinforcement need to provided in each of two directions in all surfaces (top and side) of the member
Note:

Reinforcement to control Early Thermal Cracking has in this report being determine using the following methods.
1. In accordance with the Simplified method given in BS5400. 2. In accordance with the method given in BD28/87.