Textile Chemicals

Drimaren HF/CL reactive dyes

Exhaust Dyeing procedures

Table of contents
1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 3. 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.1.7 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.3.1 3.3.3.2 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.4 3.3.3.5 3.3.3.6 3.3.3.7 3.3.4 3.3.4.1 3.3.5 Introduction General information Commercial forms Pretreatment Dissolving of the dyes Exhaust process Technical aspects influencing dyeing Addition of salt Addition of alkali Works water Antifoams Lubricants Leveling agents Liquor ratio After-treatment Sampling and shading Rinsing and soaping Cationic after-treatment Stripping methods and effects Dyeing processes Dye selection Amounts of salt and alkali Cellulose Isothermal process at 60 C (standard process) Process at 40/60 C Migration process at 80/60 C Jig process Pad jig process Garment dyeing Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes Polyester/Cellulose SWIFT process Cellulose/Polyamide 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 11

Textile Chemicals

Drimaren HF/CL reactive dyes

Exhaust Dyeing procedures

1. Introduction
The Drimaren HF/CL dyes are recommended for dyeing all types of cellulosic fibers by the exhaust process. On the basis of their reactivity the Drimaren HF/CL dyes are

The dyeing process and metering of the dye bath auxiliaries depends on the:

Type and form of the substrate Type of machine, machine capacity, dye and shade depth Economic considerations

classified as warm dyeing reactive dyes. Depending on the type and amount of alkali applied the complete dye/fiber reaction takes place optimally at 60 C. In this temperature region the Drimaren HF/CL dyes are distinguished by good penetration and migration behavior. Their combinability is excellent by virtue of their balanced dyeing and fixation properties. Drimaren Turquoise K-2B can be applied by the same dyeing process recommended for Drimaren Turquoise CL-B and

Their distinguishing properties under the suffix HF are:

They are the most ecological products among the Drimaren ranges AOX-free Heavy metal free with the exception of Drimaren Blue HF-RL and Drimaren Green HF-5BL Minimal coloration of the wastewater Highest fixation values among the Drimaren ranges Very good washing off properties High fastness level

Drimaren Green HF-5BL and maybe included in the range for

dyeing brilliant green and turquoise shades. An isothermal method at 80 C is recommended. The alkali and salt requirements remain the same.

Their distinguishing properties under the suffix CL are: The Drimaren HF/CL dyes can be applied by the exhaust method in

Economic ternary combinations for medium to deep shades AOX-free Good washing off properties

all the usual dyeing machines such as jets, winches, jigs, package, beam, garment and yarn dyeing machines.

Their distinguishing properties of the combined Drimaren HF/CL dyes are:

Generally very good oxidative bleach fastness properties Suitable for all exhaust dyeing processes High fastness level Very good reproducibility Good shade build-up High lightfast trichromy for difficult pale to medium shades Combine economy and performance

Textile Chemicals

Drimaren HF/CL reactive dyes

Exhaust Dyeing procedures

2. General information
2.1 Commercial forms
HF/CL dyes are available in one or more of the following commercial forms:

Before adding dissolved dyes to the feed tank the dye liquor should be passed through a filter to ensure that any non-dissolved dye or contamination is held back. Unlevelness and/or spots and possible damage to the pumps can be avoided in this way. Cold water should then be used to adjust the dye liquor to the required volume.

In liquid form Powder Granules CDG (Cold Dissolving Granules)

3. Exhaust process
2.2 Pretreatment 3.1 Technical aspects influencing dyeing
Optimum pretreatment of the substrate is one of the most important fundamentals for obtaining perfect dyeing results with regard to levelness and appearance of the fabric, etc. A neutral reaction of the substrate to be dyed is necessary, which means that care must be taken to eliminate acid, alkali and peroxide residues. The recommended amounts of common or Glaubers salt are shown in this shade card text under 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali. The electronic shade card for Drimaren dyes is available for calculating the optimum amount of salt required.

3.1.1 Addition of salt

2.3 Dissolving of the dyes

As a rule the salt is added at the beginning so as to achieve shorter When dissolving the dyes it should be considered that there are different commercial forms. There is a fundamental difference between granules (which include the CDG formulation) and powder. Some products are specially designated as CDG. Granules should never be pasted but sprinkled into water. For the CDG form the water can be cold (2030 C). For other forms it is better to use water at 6080 C. This is also true for the powder products. Mixtures of different commercial forms should always be dissolved at higher temperature (> 60 C) by sprinkling them into water. Depending on its origin, salt may contain large amounts of impurities which have a negative effect on the dyeing. Softening with a sequestering agent may not be sufficient to remove all the impurities and this may lead to a loss of color yield and precipitations. In such cases a better quality of salt should be used. processing times. In critical cases the risk of unlevelness can be avoided by adding the dye first, before dosing the salt. This is particularly recommended for high substantivity Drimaren dyes which are sensitive to electrolytes and for dyeing regenerated cellulose and mercerized cotton.

Textile Chemicals

Drimaren HF/CL reactive dyes

Exhaust Dyeing procedures

3.1.2 Addition of alkali

Soda ash or a combination of soda ash/caustic soda is the recommended alkali for fixation of Drimaren HF/CL dyes. The alkali

3.1.5 Lubricants
When treating sensitive piece goods in rope form, especially in short liquor machines or machines with high friction, where the goods are subjected to high speed and compression, creasing and abrasion may occur. An addition of 0.51 g/l Imacol C3G liq to prevent fiber-fiber and fiber-metal friction is advisable in such cases.

is metered into the dye bath or added in several portions. The optimum bath pH for fixation is 10.511. The recommended amounts of alkali are shown in this shade card text under 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali. The electronic shade card for Drimaren dyes is available for calculating the optimum amount of alkali required.

3.1.6 Leveling agents

For critical shades, unfavorable machine conditions or if the solubility of the dyes is in the critical region, it is advisable to add

3.1.3 Works water

The processing water should be soft ( 4 dH), neutral (pH 7) and free from chlorine. During fixation, in the alkaline medium, any earth alkalis present in hard water could precipitate and deposit on the goods being dyed. Removal of earth alkalis requires an acid treatment, preferably with an addition of Sirrix 2UD liq or Sirrix DNA liq If only hard water is available it is advisable to add a sequestering agent such as Ladiquest 2005 liq c.

12 g/l Drimagen E3R liq to the dye bath. When Drimagen E3R liq is applied it is necessary to increase the amount of alkali, necessary for fixation, by ~3050%. Drimagen E3R liq improves distribution of the dyes, ensures a uniform increase of the pH during addition of the alkali and complexes any hardness forming salts in the dye bath without de-metalizing the dyes. Detailed information is given in the technical information bulletin on Drimagen E3R liq

3.1.7 Liquor ratio

The substantivity, degree of exhaustion and final fixation are higher at shorter liquor ratios. This obviously has economic advantages

3.1.4 Antifoams
Undesired foaming may occur, which can have a negative effect on the levelness. The type of dyeing machine, in particular those running at high speed and with high turbulence, can influence the amount of foam generated. The dyes and dyeing chemicals used or residual detergents from the pretreatment also have an influence on foaming. This problem can be avoided by slowly adding 0.10.5 g/l Antimussol SFE liq (silicone-free) in the pre-diluted form.

through savings of dye, salt, energy and water. Severe deviations in the liquor ratio can have a negative influence on shade reproducibility which is why it is advisable to control the liquor ratio during dyeing. The liquor ratio can be calculated using a level gauge on the machine, a flow meter at the water inlet, or by measuring the specific gravity of the liquor after the salt addition. The influence of the liquor ratio can be calculated using the electronic shade card.

Textile Chemicals

Drimaren HF/CL reactive dyes

Exhaust Dyeing procedures

3.2 After-treatment 3.2.1 Sampling and shading

As a rule, it is advisable to correct the shade in a fresh bath. If shading is carried out in the existing dye bath, by draining half the dye liquor and replacing it with fresh water, there is a danger of unlevelness and dye hydrolysis. With large differences in shade, the desired shade should be matched in the lab and re-dyeing carried out in a fresh bath.

These are general guidelines. The following parameters can have a negative effect on the washing off behavior of reactive dyes:

The substantivity of the hydrolyzed dye High amounts of salt remaining from dyeing dark shades Hard water used for rinsing and soaping

If any of the above factors are present then the number of rinsing baths must be increased and/or an additional soaping process carried out to ensure the required fastness level is achieved.

3.2.3 Cationic after-treatment 3.2.2 Rinsing and soaping

Under unfavorable washing off conditions, i.e. if perfect removal of To achieve optimum wash and wet fastness properties unfixed hydrolyzed dye must be completely removed from the fiber. Thorough rinsing out of the electrolyte before soaping is essential. Any electrolyte remaining in the soaping bath will impair washing off of the unfixed dye. the hydrolyzed dye is not guaranteed, the fastness properties can be improved by an after-treatment with a cationic fixative.

After-treatment possibilities by the exhaust method are, e.g.:

0.54 % Optifix EC liq or 14 % Optifix RSL liq 20 min at 40 C

Working method
If possible, the rinsing process should be carried out with soft warm and then hot water. If only hard water is available, add 0.53 g/l Ladiquest 2005 liq. conc. or Ladipur RSK/R3C liq. to the rinsing

A cationic after-treatment can result in a change of shade and a reduction in the light fastness (the best results are achieved with Optifix RSL liq).

bath. To improve washing off efficiency, the soaping stage should contain 0.53 g/l Ladiquest 2005 liq. conc. or Ladipur RSK/R3C liq.

3.2.4 Stripping methods and effects

Rinsing baths on jet, winch and circulation machines (example): 10 min at 50 C. 10 min at 50 C + Sirrix NE liq (neutralize to pH 67) 15 min at 95 C + 0.53 g/l Ladipur RSK/R3C liq. 10 min at 70 C 10 min cold rinse Rinsing ends on the jig: 2 2 2 1 ends at 50 C ends at 50 C + Sirrix NE liq (neutralize to pH 67) To avoid catalytic fiber damage when stripping faulty dyeings with metal complex dyes it is advisable to add a sequestering agent such as Sirrix AK liq to the stripping bath. ends at 70 C end cold rinse Faulty dyeings with Drimaren HF/CL dyes can be stripped by reduction or oxidation depending on the desired effect. Using the methods described below, dyeings can be partially or completely stripped. Dyeings at 1/1 standard depth (SD), at 1/3 SD for the turquoise and brilliant green dyes and additionally 3/1 SD for navy and 4/1 SD for black dyes, were prepared on bleached cotton interlock. The stripping effects attainable by each method were assessed.

24 ends at 95 C + 0.53 g/l Ladipur RSK/R3C liq.

Textile Chemicals

Drimaren HF/CL reactive dyes

Exhaust Dyeing procedures

Stripping methods
1. 3 g/l Available chlorine (sodium hypochlorite), pH 1011 with caustic soda, 60 min at 25 C, antichlor treatment with 1 g/l sodium bisulfite, 10 min at 30 C, rinse cold 2. 10 ml/l 5 g/l Caustic soda 36 B, Sodium hydrosulfite, heat within 15 min from 60 C to 90 C, 60 min at 90 C, rinse warm and cold 3. 5 g/l Arostit BLN powder, heat within 15 min from 60 C to 90 C, 60 min at 90 C, rinse warm and cold The stripping methods can also be combined as follows: 4. 5. First Method 1, without sodium bisulfite treatment, then Method 2 First Method 2 then Method 1

For highest reproducibility in pale to medium shades requiring high light fastness:

Drimaren Golden Yellow HF-CD (non-photochromic element) Drimaren Orange HF-2GL (non-photochromic element) Drimaren Red HF-6BL Drimaren Blue HF-RL

Standard selection for medium to dark shades combining high performance and cost effectiveness:

Drimaren Golden Yellow HF-CD (non-photochromic element) Drimaren Yellow CL-2R Drimaren Red HF-3B Drimaren Dark Red HF-CD Drimaren Red CL-4B Drimaren Blue HF-2B Drimaren Navy HF-GN Drimaren Navy HF-B Drimaren Black CL-S

If a dye is applied at a particularly low concentration it can be replaced by the corresponding lightfast element to improve the light fastness properties. Special elements for bright yellow, blue, green and turquoise

3.3 Dyeing processes 3.3.1 Dye selection

Standard combination for highest reproducibility in pale to medium shades:

shades:

Drimaren Brilliant Yellow HF-RL / Drimaren Yellow CL-3G Drimaren Turquoise CL-B Drimaren Turquoise K-2B Drimaren Blue CL-BR Drimaren Green HF-5BL

Drimaren Yellow CL-2R

Drimaren Red CL-5B Drimaren Blue HF-RL

Textile Chemicals

Drimaren HF/CL reactive dyes

Exhaust Dyeing procedures

3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali

Soda ash
Drimaren HF/CL dye

3.3.3 Cellulose 3.3.3.1 Isothermal process at 60 C (standard process)

% g/l g/l min

< 0.5 2050 5 50

0.51 11.5 1.52 60 10 55 65 15 60 70 18 60

23 80 20 60

>3 80 20 60

Common or Glaubers salt Soda ash Fixation Time

For all Drimaren HF/CL dyes For knitted and woven fabrics, yarn and loose stock material
Isothermal process at 60 C (standard process)

Soda ash/caustic soda

Drimaren HF/CL dye Common or Glaubers salt Soda ash NaOH 36 B Fixation Time % g/l g/l ml/l min < 0.5 2050 5 50 0.51 11.5 1.52 60 5 1.0 55 65 5 1.5 60

23 80 5 2.25 60

>3 80 5 2.5 60

130 120 110 100 90 80 70

70 5 2.0 60

Glaubers salt is recommended for Drimaren Orange CL-3R, Drimaren Scarlet HF-3G, Drimaren Turquoise CL-B, Drimaren

60 50 40 30 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280

Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL. The electrolyte and alkali amounts given for Drimaren HF/CL in tables 3.3.2 can be used for Drimaren Turquoise K-2B.

AB

In the soda ash/caustic soda method, the soda ash is added first followed by progressive dosing of the caustic soda. Precise information is given in the electronic shade card.

Dye bath additions A= x g/l Salt Imacol C2G liq Ladiquest 2005 liq c Humectol C liq hc Drimaren HF/CL dye (linear metering) Alkali (progressive metering) 0.51 g/l 0.53 g/l 0.53 g/l B= C= y z % g/l

The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card. The Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes, described in section 3.3.3.7, is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise CL-B, Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL.

Textile Chemicals

Drimaren HF/CL reactive dyes

Exhaust Dyeing procedures

3.3.3.2 Process at 40/60 C

For all Drimaren HF/CL dyes For knitted and woven fabrics, yarn and loose stock material
Process at 40/60 C
C 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280

3.3.3.3 Migration process at 80/60 C

For all Drimaren HF/CL dyes Especially recommended for regenerated cellulose and garment dyeing For knitted and woven fabrics, yarn and loose stock material
Migration process at 80/60 C
C 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

Dye bath additions A= x g/l Salt Imacol C3G liq Ladiquest 2005 liq c Humectol C liq hc

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

0.51 g/l 0.53 g/l 0.53 g/l B= C= y z % g/l

Dye bath additions A= x g/l Salt Imacol C3G liq Ladiquest 2005 liq c Humectol C liq hc Revatol NS liq c Drimaren HF/CL dye (linear metering) Alkali (progressive metering) 0.51 g/l 0.53 g/l 0.53 g/l 3 g/l % g/l B= C= y z

Drimaren HF/CL dye (linear metering)

Alkali (progressive metering)

The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card.

The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the The Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes, described in section 3.3.3.7, is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise CL-B, Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF

information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card. The Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes, described in section 3.3.3.7, is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise CL-B, Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL.

5BL.

Textile Chemicals

Drimaren HF/CL reactive dyes

Exhaust Dyeing procedures

3.3.3.4 Jig process

Process for all Drimaren HF/CL dyes

Dye bath additions Padding: Jig bath: x 0,53,0 50100 y 0.53

g/l g/l g/l g/l g/l g/l

Drimaren HF/CL dye Leonil EHC liq c Salt Ladiquest 2005 liq c Humectol C liq hc Soda ash

ml/l Pad liquor

Dyeing temperature 60 C (corresponds to the fixation temperature on the goods). Dry goods should be run into water containing 1 g/l Leonil EHC liq c. Dye bath additions x 0.5-1 0.5-3 0.5-3 y z % Drimaren HF/CL dye g/l Imacol C3G liq g/l Ladiquest 2005 liq c g/l Humectol C liq hc g/l Salt g/l Alkali

0.53 z

Fixation: The number of ends depends on the depth of shade, but should correspond to 3060 min. The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card. The Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes, described in section 3.3.3.7, is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise CL-B, Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL.

1. end amount dye + dyeing auxiliarys 6. end amount salt 2. end amount dye + dyeing auxiliarys 7. end amount alkali 3. end amount salt 4. end amount salt 5. end amount salt should correspond to 3060 min. The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card. The Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes, described in section 3.3.3.7, is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise CL-B, Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren

8. end amount alkali 9. end amount alkali 10. end amount alkali The dyeing of ready made-up articles of knit or woven fabric is an alternative to conventional piece dyeing. The entire range of shades can be covered with the Drimaren HF/ CL dyes. Thanks to the simple dyeing method and their good washing off properties, Drimaren HF/CL dyes are highly recommended for dyeing garments. To ensure good penetration of thick seams and heavy articles, the migration process at 80/60 C is recommended. The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card. The Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes,

3.3.3.6 Garment dyeing

Fixation: The number of ends depends on the depth of shade, but

Green HF-5BL.

3.3.3.5 Pad jig process

If the Drimaren HF/CL dyes are applied by padding it is possible to save up to 10 ends on the jig.

described in section 3.3.3.7, is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise CL-B, Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL.

Textile Chemicals

Drimaren HF/CL reactive dyes

Exhaust Dyeing procedures

3.3.3.7 Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes

This process is especially recommended for phthalocyanine dyes, Drimaren Turquoise CL-B, Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and

3.3.4 Polyester/Cellulose 3.3.4.1 SWIFT process

The SWIFT process is for dyeing PES/CEL blends in the shortest time, where high wet fastness is achieved without a reduction clearing step, saving water, energy and total processing cost.

Drimaren Green HF-5BL. For knitted and woven fabrics, yarn and loose stock material

Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes

C 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280

Dyestuff selection CEL

Drimaren HF dyes: A range of reactive dyes distinguished by their high degree of fixation, easy washing off and excellent fastness level.

Dyestuff selection PES

Foron S-WF dyes: A range of alkali clearable dyes with high sublimation and wet fastness properties.
SWIFT process
C 130 120 110

AB

Dye bath additions A= x g/l Glaubers salt 0.51 g/l Imacol C3G liq 0.53 g/l Ladiquest 2005 liq c 0.53 g/l Humectol C liq hc 3 12 B= y C= z g/l Revatol NS liq c g/l Drimagen E3R liq % Drimaren dye (linear metering)

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285

g/l Alkali (progressive metering)

AB

DE F

Glaubers salt is recommended. The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card. When Drimagen E3R liq is applied it is necessary to increase the amount of alkali, necessary for fixation, by ~3050%.

Dye bath additions A: Chemicals: 0.251.5 g/l Lyocol RDN liq 0.2 0.52 0.52 pH 5.5 % Eganal PS liq g/l Imacol MPE liq g/l Opticid PSD liq c

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Textile Chemicals

Drimaren HF/CL reactive dyes

Exhaust Dyeing procedures

B: C:

Foron S-WF dye Chemicals: 0.8 % Imerol JSF liq 1.5 % Sirrix SB liq

1st bath Dye bath additions A= x g/l Salt 0.51 g/l Imacol C3G liq 0.53 g/l Ladiquest 2005 liq c 0.53 g/l Humectol C liq hc B= y % Drimaren HF/CL dye (linear metering) g/l Alkali (progressive metering) C= z

4.0 % H2O2 35% 1.0 % NaOH 36 B D: E: F: G: Glaubers salt Chemicals: 0.4 % Bactosol SAP liq 1.0 % Imacol MPE liq Drimaren HF dye (linear metering) Alkali (progressive metering)

The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card. The Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes,

3.3.5 Cellulose/Polyamide
2 bath dyeing process for cellulose/polyamide blends For knitted and woven fabrics, yarn and loose stock material

described in section 3.3.3.7, is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise CL-B, Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL. 2nd bath

Dyeing process
C 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

Dye bath additions D = 1.02.0 g/l sodium acetate cryst 0.52.0 % Lyogen CN liq 0.53.0 % Lyogen NH liq x E= y % Nylosan/Lanasyn dye % Acetic acid to pH 4.55.0

After-treatment of the polyamide dyeing: The recommendations for the after-treatment of polyamide dyeings dyeings can be found in the polyamide shade card.

AB

DE

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Textile Chemicals

Drimaren HF/CL reactive dyes

Exhaust Dyeing procedures

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