&

()
1:

8 1
555
1.4 x 0 (, , )
1.5 (, )

1. f x 0 . x x 0 .
2. x x 0 : x x 0 , , . x x 0
.
3. x x0 : x x 0 , , . x x 0
.
: x x0
4. x 0 x
x 0 . :

x 0 f , .
lim f(x) f(x 0 ) .
x x0

5. lim f(x) , x 0 .
x x0

, x 0 x 0 (
) x x 0 ( , . 158-160).
6. f(x) x 0 , .
7. : lim f(x) lim f(x) lim f(x) . ,
x x0

x x0

x x0

, ( )
.
, ;
8. [ ]
lim f(x) lim f(x) 0
x x0

x x0

lim f(x) lim f(x 0 h) ( x x 0 h x=x 0 h ),

x x0

h 0

lim f(x) lim f(x 0 h) (

x x0

h 1

x
h x=x 0 h x 0 0 )
x0
3

-1-

2012-2013

9. .
10.
.
. f x 2x

1
1
g x x 2
x 0 2 .
x2
x2

: lim f(x) g(x) lim(2x x 2 ) 8 .

x2

x2

11. lim f(x) 0 , f(x) 0 x 0 .

( 1, . 165, )

x x0

[ < 0]

, f(x) 0 x 0 , lim f(x).....0 !

x x0

( )
12. lim f(x) 0 , f(x) 0 x 0 .
x x0

13. lim f(x) lim g(x) , f(x) g(x) x 0 .

x x0

(;)

x x0

, f(x) g(x) x 0 , lim f(x)..... lim g(x) !

x x0

[ < 0]

x x0

14. f, g x 0 f(x) g(x) x 0 , lim f(x) lim g(x) .

x x0

x x0

( 2, . 166, )
15. f x 0 f(x) 0 x 0 , lim f(x) 0 .

(;)

x x0

16. lim f(x) lim f(x) lim f(x) .

x x0

x x0

( 2, . 166, )

x x0

! . , lim f(x) x x0

( )

lim f(x)
x x0

17. [ 0 ] lim f(x) 0 lim f(x) 0 .

( )

18. lim f 2 (x) 0 lim f(x) 0 .

( )

x x0

x x0

x x0

x x0

1. lim f(x) :
x x0

x x 0 .

x x 0 -

0
, :
0
) f ,
)
, .
( g f x 0 x 0 ).
:

-2-

2012-2013

,
. ,
.

, , x 0 .

, , , .

.
1. f

. :

) lim f(x)

) lim f(x)

) lim f(x)

) lim f(x)

) lim f(x)

) lim f(x)

x 2

x 1

x 1

x 1

2
1

x 2

x 1

) lim f(x)

-2

x 3

-1

-2

. 0/0 /0
2. , , ( ):
x2 1
x1 x 1

i) lim

v) lim

ix) lim

1 x
3

x 1

xii) lim
x 1

3.

x 1

x 3 3x 2 x 3

x 1

x 1

3x 2 2x 1
()
x2 x

x 1

vii) lim

x 1
x 1

xi) lim

,m,n *

xiii) lim
x 1

x 0

x 2 -1

x) lim n

3
1

3
1- x 1- x

2
x 3 3x 13x 12

iii) lim

x 2 -1 x -1

vi) lim

x 1

x2 x
x 1
3

xm 1
,m,n *
n
x 1

ii) lim

x 1

iv) lim
x1

1 x 1
x

viii) lim 3
x 2

x 2
23 x

5x 4 3x 1 3
()
x2 1

10 x 3 3x 5 1
()
x3 1

xiv) lim
x 1

x 3x 1 2x 1 2
x2 x

, , ():
i) lim f(x) lim f(x) , f(x) 2e x x 5 27
x4

iv) lim

x2

vii) lim
x 3

x 5

9x 6x 1 x 5
1 x3 7

x 2 1 7x 11
x3

v) lim

x 2

x 2

, ii) lim
x 3

3x x 5 x 2 2x 2
x

, viii) lim

x 2012

x 3 4 x 1 3
x2

x3
x

x2
5x
() iii) lim 2
x2 x 4
x 9
2

vi) lim
x 1

(), ix) lim

x2 1

2x 2 9x 4 x 2 4x

x 4

-3-

x 1 2x 2 3x 5

x4

()

2012-2013

. -
4.

5.

2x 2 (5 2 2 )x 1
15 , .
1
1
x
x
2
2
x 4 x 3 2
1 , .
lim
x1
x2 1

lim

6.

* lim

7.

f(x)

8.

x 2 x 3 2

x 2

x 2

e.

2x 2 x 2,

x 1
. , , lim f(x) 3 . ()
x1
x
2
6,
x
1

) f,g : . lim 2f(x) 3g(x) 2 lim 5f(x) 7g(x) 4 , lim f(x)

x 2
x 2
x 2

lim g(x) .
x 2

f(x)
3 lim g(x)x 3 8 4 , lim f(x)g(x) .
x 2
x 2
x 2 x 2

f(x)
) f,g : lim
4f 3 (x) xf 2 (x) 2x 2 f(x) 3x 3 . lim f(x) .
x 0
x 0
x
, lim f(x) , :

) f,g : . lim

9.

x 1

x 1
5x 2 2 x 2 ,
()
f(x)

2x 4x 2011 ln x, x 1
x 2 2x 2
10. f(x)
. lim f(x) 2 , , .
()
x 1
x2 1
11. g(x) 4x 2 (2 )x . , lim g(x) 18 ,
x2

x 11x g(x)
1.
x 2 5x 14
2 x 3 x
2x 2 2x x 2x
12. f(x)
g(x)
.
x
x2
lim f(x) lim g(x) .
lim

()

x2

x 0

()

x 0

z3
, z 2i z i, , :
z 2i
2 Im(w)x10 Re(w)x 5 2012 ln( x), x 1
. .. z
f(x)
2 Im(w)x 3 Re(w)x,
x 1

13. z, w w

lim f(x) .
x 1

2x 1, x 1

14. f(x) x 3 3
, ) ... f f 1 .
, x1

4
f 1 (x) f 1 (1)
) ( ) lim
.
x 1
x 1

-4-

()

()

2012-2013

 &
()
1:

9 1
555
1.5 ( , , )

1.

.
2. x ,
.
3. x, x

x
180

x .
,

180

:
. 00 x 0

180 x

x

lim

lim

0,01745.. .
0

180 x0 x
180
4. :

x x x ( x 0 )

x x x * .

[ ]
x
1.
x 0
x
x
1.
2. lim
x 0 x
1. lim

3. lim
x 0

x
1.
x

4. f x g x x 0 lim g x 0 , lim f x 0 .
x x0

x x0

5. () x () = ()
lim f(x) 0 g 1 x 0 , lim f(x) g(x) 0 .
x x0
x x0
( )

f > 0, x A

f(x) , ..

f(x) h(x) f(x) h(x) .

-1-

2012-2013


0
1. (3) , 0
lim f(x) , x x0

,
.

(x)
x 1
0

x
x

.
1. f(x) 2x (x 5)2 x , lim f(x) f(5) .
x 5

2.

f : , : x 5 f(x) x6 3x 4 x (1). :

3.

f(x)
f(x)
iii) lim
2
x

0
x
x
2
2
A f (x) 2f(x) x 0 , x R, lim f(x) 1 .

4.

f : f(A) ( 5, 2) . ..: lim x f(x) 0 .

x

i) lim f(x)

ii) lim

x 0

5.

x 0

x 0

f , g , f x 0 g x 0 x 0 .
lim f x g x 0 , lim f x 0 lim g x 0 .
x x0
x x0
x x0

6.

2 x 2 f(x) x 3 x 2 , :
2f 2 (x) 8
x1 x 2 3x 2
x1

f : , 1 xx f(x) x x 0, (1).
2
f(x) 2
x 1 x 1

i) lim f(x)

7.

ii) lim

iii) lim

()

f(x) 1
x 0
x
ii) lim f(x) f(0) , lim f(x)

i) lim

x 0

8.

()

x 0

f : , lim
x 0

i) lim f(x)

f(x)
2.
x

()

x 0

ii) x f(x) 0 , 0.
iii) f, g x f(x) g(x) x 2 x 2 f 2 (x) , 0, lim g(x) .
x 0

9.

f(x)
f : , : f(x) 1 x2 1 , x lim
, .
x 0 x
i) .
f(x) 1
x2
ii) f(x) f 2 (x) , x , lim 2 .
()
x

0
2
2
x

10. f f(x) ln x 1 x .
i) f.
ii) f .
iii) f ( ,0] , :
0 f 1 (x) 1 x 0 .
:

-2-

2012-2013

iv) lim x 2 f 1 (x) .

x0

()

11. f : , : x 1 f(x) x 1 , x (1).

lim
x 1

i) lim f(x) .

f(x)
, , :
x 1

x 1

ii) .

()
5

12. ) g g(x)

x 7 7
x

lim g(x) 0 .

A .

x 0

) f : . f , x5 7 7

lim
x 0

f(x) 0

()

13. f : , : f 2 (x) x 2 , x . :

i) lim f 2 (x) 0 .

ii) lim f(x) 0

x 0

iii) lim f(x) 0

x 0

x 0

f(x) 1
x
, x , lim 2 .
x

0
2
2
x
1
14. f : , : f (x) x , x

ii) f(x) f 2 (x)

()

lim f 2 (x) 1 .
x 1

i) : f(x) x , x .
ii) : y
iii) lim f(x) .

y2 1
, y .
2

()

x 1

15. f : , f x f x x x 0 0 . f x 0 0 .
3

.
16. , , :
i) lim
x 0

x
x3 x

2 x

iv) lim
x 0

x 4 2

ii) lim
x 0
x xx

v) lim
x 0

x
3x

iii) lim 2

x 0 x
1 x

vi) lim
x 3

(2x 6)
3x 9

1 x
A f {x |x , }
x

x2 ,
x0

viii) lim
ix) lim f(x) , f(x) 1 x
x 0
x 0

, x0
x

x x x

x) lim f(x) , f(x)

, A f {x |x , } ()
x 0
x 7x
7

vii) lim f(x) , f(x)

x 0

xi) lim
x 0

x x
()
x2

xii) lim
x 1

(x 1)
()
x 2 4x 5

xiii) lim

-3-

x 1

(x 1) 1
x 1

()

2012-2013

xiv) lim f(x) , f(x) (x 2)

x2

x 2011
1
xv) lim
()
x 0
x
x

1
x2

, A f (2, )

()

1 x

xvi) lim f(x) lim f , f(x)

A f
2
2

x 0
x 0
x
x 2x
1 x

xvi) lim f(x) lim f , f(x)

A f .
2
2
x 0
x 0
x
x 2x

()

17. f : f(A) (5,2) . : lim x f(x) 0 .

x
f(x)
x
x 2x ... x
19. : lim
28 .
x 0
x
x 2x ... x
120 .
20. : lim
x 0
x

18. f(x) x 1 2x , lim

()

x 0

()
()

.
21. f : lim f x . lim f x .
x x0

x x0

22. f : lim f x . lim f x .

x x0

23. f : * lim
x2

f 4 x
f x

x x0

0 . .

24. f f x y f x f y x, y f 0 0
lim f(x) 1 : ) f(0) 1
x 0

) lim f(x) f(x 0 )

x x0

25. f f x y f x f y x, y *

lim f(x) 0 , :
x 1

) f(1) 0

) lim f(x) f(x 0 )

x x0

x
x
) lim
.

x 0
2x 2 x
x 2x

26. : ) lim
2

27. f : lim
x 0

f x
x

1 . lim
x 0

f x2 x
2

x x

, .

.
28. f f(x) ln x 1 x .
) f.
) f .
) f (,0] , : 0 f 1 (x) 1
x 0 .
) lim x 2 f 1 (x) .
x 0

()

-4-

2012-2013

&
()
1:

101
555
1.6 x 0

1. . , :
.

, , ,
, 0 ,

, .

1. :
) g(x) f(x) x 0 lim g(x) lim f(x) .
x x0

x x0

) g(x) f(x) x 0 lim f(x) lim g(x) .

x x0

x x0

8
.

1.

(
) ,
7
x0= - 4 , -2 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 . [- 6 ,10] , ;
6
5
4
3
2
1

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

10

11

12

-1
-2
-3

-d0
-g0

-4

-5
-6

-1-

-h0
-u0
-v0

2012-2013

. -

0
,
0

(: )
2.

) lim
x3

3.

9 x2
x 3 9x 2 27x 27

f(x)

3x

x
2
2 x x

) lim

) lim
x 0

x
x5 4 2 x3 1

x5
.
x 3x 2 4
3

) f.
) lim f(x)
x2

) lim f(x)
x 1

4.

1
1
) lim

x 0 x

1
3
) lim
2

x 1 x 1
x 1

2 2
) lim

x 0 x
x

5.

) lim e x ln x ,

6.

) lim log 3 x

ln x
x 0
x
) lim log 1 x

x
) lim
x 0 x

x
) lim

x x

) limx

) lim x

7.

x 0

x 0

x 0

) lim

x 0

. -
2x 2 5x 6
8. f(x)
, , , lim f(x) 14 .
x3
x3
) x 3 18 15 6 .
) , x 3 .
x 2 ( 1)x
9. , , lim
.
()
x 1
x 2 2x 1
x 3 x 2 2 1 x 3
,

R
f
x

10.
:

x 3 3x 2
, x 0 1 .

x 2 + 2
, , lim f(x) ;
x 1
x 2 -2x+1
x 5
.
12. R lim
2
x 9
2
x
11. f(x)=

-2-

2012-2013

 &
()
1:

111
555
1.7

1. .
2. x , x , x , x .
3. x 0
:

4.
.
5. x , x (, ), 0 , :

x2 x x .

6. , x , x ( ,), <0 ,
:

x2 x x .

[ ]
1. g x f x h x lim h x lim g x , lim f x .
x

[. ]

2. g x f x lim g x lim f x .

[ ]

3. g x f x lim f x lim g x .

[ ]

.
1.

1, 186 ()

2.

2 (i,ii,iii,iv), 187 ()

3.

4 (i,iii), 187 ()

-1-

2012-2013

.
4.

f(x)

[3 (i,iii,v), B4(ii), 186]

x3
16x 2 4x

) f .
) lim f(x) lim f(x) .
x

) lim f(x) lim f(x) .

x 0

()

1
4

.
5.

[2 (v), 3 (ii,iv,vi), 186]

x 2x x x
) lim x 3x 4x x x ()
) lim

1) lim

x 2 3x x

2) lim

4x 2 x 2x

) lim( x 2 2x 1 4x 2 1 9x 2 3x) ()
x

) lim ( 9x 1 4x 1 25x ) ()
x

. - /

[1,2,3, 187]

6.

lim ( 2 2)x 3 x 2 ( 2)x 3 .

x

7.

f(x)

P(x)
, P(x) ( 1)x 2 x 5 Q(x) ( 2)x 3 x 2 2 .
Q(x)

lim f(x) .

()

( 1)x 4 (2 1)x 3 x 5
.
x
(1 )x 3 x 1

8.

, : lim

9.

lim

()

x 2 x 1 x .

10. , lim ( x 2 -4x+2-x-)=3 .

x

x 2 +1
-x+ , lim f(x) =1.
x
x+1
3f(x) - 8x
f(x)
1 lim
12. lim
.
x 2x 3f(x)
x x
11. f(x)=

13. lim

xf(x)
x-1

lim f(x) .
x

14. f (0, ) . lim 2x 4x 2 1 3f(x) 6 ,

x

lim f(x) .
x

-2-

2012-2013

x 2 f(x) x 2 1
2 :
x
x2 3

15. f : (0, ) lim

xf(x)+x+1
=1
x
x+2
P(x)
P(x)
3 lim 2
3 x 0 .
16. P(x) : lim 2
x x 2x 1
x x0 x 2x 1
()
i) lim f(x)

ii) , lim

17. f lim

, :

(i) lim

f 8x

(ii) lim

f x

f 2x
f x

5 . , -

f 8x f x

f 2x f x

.
18. ) x : x 2 2x f(x) 3x 2 2x 2 , lim f(x) .
x

) x xf(x) x 2 1 1 , lim f(x) .

x

19. f

3x 5
3x 2 10
f(x)
x 0 . lim f(x) .
x
x
x2

5x 2 2x
.
x
x 2 100
xx
, xR
21. f x 2
x 1
x
x
f x 2
) : 2
x R .
x 1
x 1

20. lim

lim f x lim f x .

lim

()

f x

22. f : R R f x

x 2 1 x 2x

f x

lim f x .

x 1 x

.
23. :

) lim 3x

) lim 5x

24. :

) lim log 5 x

) lim log 0,3 x

25. :

) lim ln

) lim 0, 5x
x

) lim 0, 5x
x

2-x
2+x 2

) lim ln(e x x 1)
x

-3-

2012-2013

 2x 2
26. f(x) ln
0 .
2x

) f.
) lim f(x) .
x 0

) lim f(x) .
x

) lim f(x) ln x .

()

5x
27. ) lim x
.
x 3 2 x

x 5x
) lim x
.
x 2 5 x

2x x
28. : ) lim x 1
, 0
x
2 x 1

()

x 1 x 1
) lim x 2
, 0, 0
x
x

()

ex2 2x
29. f x ln x
x .
x 1
e 2

30. lim

31. lim

3 2 log x
.
1 2 log x

x 0

9 x 3 x 1 2 3 x .

.
32. :
) lim
x

1
x

) lim x 3
x

) lim
x

1
x3

1
x

) lim x 4
x

1
x3

x
x

) lim

4x 2 x
x x 3 8

) lim

) lim

x
x

4x x
x x x

) lim

1
) lim x
x
x

) lim

2x
x 1+x 2

33. x x
Ox 1.
) x.

ON
, .
OM
) (ON) (OM) , .()
)

5 3 4 2 2 1 5 2
3

34. :

1 3 1

-4-

2012-2013

 &
()
1:

121
555
1.8)
[ ]

.
1. [ ]
f x 0 A (3) ():
) f x 0 A (

lim f(x) lim f(x) )

x x0

x x0

) f(x 0 ) ( f x 0 x 0 )
) : lim f(x) lim f(x) f(x 0 ) .
x x0

x x0

2. , f x 0 A :
lim f(x) f(x 0 )
x x0

lim f(x) f(x0 ) 0

x x0
lim f(x0 h) f(x 0 )
h 0

lim f(x0 h) f(x 0 ), x 0 0

h 1

3. x 0
.
4. f : [x 0 ,) x 0 () lim f(x) f(x0 ) ,
x x0

5. f : (, x 0 ] x 0 () lim f(x) f(x0 ) .

x x0

6. f ( ) x 0 A :
) lim f(x) f(x 0 ) ( )
x x0

) x 0 A .
7. ! x 0 A , f x 0 ,
x 0 .
8. f x 0 , x 0 .
:

-1-

2012-2013

9. f x 0 , :
x 0 A
lim f(x)
x x0

lim f(x)
x x0

lim f(x) f(x 0 )

x x0

.
10. [ ]
f : A ,
, (, lim f(x) f(x 0 ) x 0 A )
x x0

11. , .

12. ) f(x
000 )))
f(x
f(x
f(x
)
0
f(x
f(x
f(x
000))))
000)))))
(/
limf(x)
f(x
f(x
f(x
f(x
f(x0).
0 )
limf(x)
limf(x)
f(x
f(x
f(x
0
000
limf(x)
f(x
limf(x)
limf(x)
limf(x)
limf(x)
limf(x)
limf(x)
000xxx xxx
13.
0x x
000xx xxx
00xx
xx ,
0xx x
.

xx00

xx00

-z
-z
-o0
-o0
f

A (,)

(,x 0 ) ( x 0 ,)

xx0
0 ( ,x 0 ) ( x 0 , )

xx11

xx0x0
0

-z
-z
-z
-z

-o0
-o0
-o0
-o0

f .
xx0 0
xx0
(,x1 ) ( x1 , x 0 ) ( x0 ,) 0

1.
.
2. ,

( ).
3. f x 0 f(x 0 )
lim f(x) , lim f(x)=f(x 0 ) .
x x0

x x0

-2-

2012-2013


. .

[1,2, 3 .197-198]

ln(x+2) , x 2
1. N f(x)
2 .
2(x+2) , x 2

e x-2 ,
x [0, 2)

2. N f(x)
x 0 2 .
0,
x2

1
2x - 3 , x (2, )
ln(x - 2)

(x 1)f(x) (x-1)
4 ,
3. A f x 0 1 lim
x 1
x 1
f(1) .
xf(x)-x
= , f x 0 0 .
4. A lim
x 0
x 2 -x
5. A f x 0 2 , f(2) ,
2x 3 8x ( x 2)f ( x) 3x 3 6x 2 4x 8 , x .

6. A x f ( x) 3 g(x) 5 g 2 g(2) 5 , f
2.
7. f : R R : f x x 2 x R :
) f x 0 0 .

f x

x0
) g x x
x 0 0 .
0
x0

8. f,g, h : A . :
) f g h f, g x 0 A , h
x0 A .

) h(x) x f(x) e x g(x) , h x 0 A g x 0 A , f x 0 A .

9. f : : f 3 x f x f 2 x x ,
x R . f x 0 0 .

10. f : R R x 0 0 , x R

2 x 2xf x f 2 x 2 x x x 2f x .

11. f,g : : f 2 x g 2 x 2f x 5 4g x 2x ,
x . f, g x0

.
2

.
[3 .198]
2
f x 2x
xf x 2x 3f 2 6x
1 f , lim
12. lim
.
x2
x2
x2
x2

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2012-2013


x,
x2
13. f(x) 2
.
2
f (6 x ), x 2
z.
()
.
[1,2 .198]
2 3
x x 2 , x 1
14. f x
, , f
2
,x 1
ln x x
.
x 2 +x-5
, x1

15. f(x) x-1

, , f
7
, x1

.
.
16. f : f(x y) f(x) f(y) x,y , :
) f(0) 0 .
) f x 0 0 , f R.
) f x 0 , f R.
17. f : * * f(x y) f(x) f(y) x, y * , :
) f(1) 1 .
) f x 0 1 , f * .
) f x0 R * , f R * .
18. f : * x 0 0 :

f(x 3y) f(x) f(3y) (*) x, y .

) f(0) .
) f .
()
2
19. f 4f ( x) f ( x 2) 3x 6x , x ,
lim f(x) 5 . f 1, f 1 .
x 1

.
20. f : [2, ) , x 2

x 2f(x) x 2 3x 2 .
21. f : , x

x x f x x x .

22. f : x 1 f x x 2 x 2 , x
1, 3 C f .
) , R .

) f x x 2 , x .
) lim f 2 x
x

1
f x
3

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2012-2013

 &
()
1:

131
555
1.8 &

1. [,] , .
y

(
a

63

[
a

()

()

() , [, ] !
Bolzano
2. Bolzano
.
3. Bolzano ,
x (,) , f(x 0 ) 0 .
4. Bolzano .
5. Bolzano f(x 0 ) 0
( ).
.
6. . Bolzano:

f()

f
x x xx
.

x0

x1

x2

f()

7. :

x 0 f(x) 0

x 0 f

x 0 , f xx

-1-

2012-2013

x2

x0

x1

x2
f()

-q
8. Bolzano,
f()
-w
-q
f [,] f() f() -u0
-w
.
-q1
-u0
-a2
-q1
-b2
-a2
-x2

-b2
-r3

-x2

x0
f()<0 ,f()<0

f()<0 ,f()<0

9. f ,
x x , .
[ ]
y

65

f ( x )>0

a
O

O
f ( x )<0

()

()

10. f f .
[ ]

[ f(x) 0 x (1 , 2 )
1 , 2 f]

11. f :

[ f() < 0]

f(x) 0 x
f() 0 ,

f(x) 0 x f
x0 [,] , f()
x0
12.
f

f()
f() f() 0 , f

(,) .
x1

f
x0

x0

x2

x0

x1

x2

13. f (,)
f()
, f -q
[,]
f()
-q
-w
14. f (,) [,], -w
-u0
-u

-q1
-q
-a2
-a
-b2
-b
-x2
-r3

-w3
f()<0 ,f()<0
f
:

x0-2-

2012-2013


15. Bolzano.
16. . ,
f() f() !
17. :
y [f(),f()] C f .

18. :
f() f
.
19. f() f ().

)
(

f()
20.
)
)
) ) ) )
f()
)
(
(
(
(
( f()( =

(
(
( :
(
(
(
=
(
() f()
f()
.
)

, f [,] f [,] [m,M] , m fmin M fmax .

)

, f()>0 .
f()>0
21. !

f(x2)= M
f()

=
f()= f()

f()=
f()
m

=(, )
f()=[m, M] f()

f()

f()=

=(, )

f()
f()=[m,y=
M)
f()== f()
y=

M
x2

f(x1)=m

f()

m =
f()
f()
f()

y=

x1 f(x)

=(, )
f()=(m, M)

f()

f()

=[, ]
f()=[m, M]

f()=3

y=

-3y= f()=
f()
f()

2012-2013


1. . Bolzano f
x. , :
) f.
) ,
f .
f .
2. ( )
Bolzano
( 0 )
.

.
3. , , (
)
1-1


.
4. [ . Bolzano]. f(x) 0

(, ), . Bolzano
[,] .

(, ), . Bolzano
[, ] [,] . (,) , f() f() 0 f f 0 .

[,] ,

.
2

[, ] [, ) (, ],
f() f() 0 .

f() f() 0 f() 0 f() 0

f() f() 0 . Bolzano.
5. x 0 (,) f(x 0 ) g(x 0 ) , Bolzano [, ] h(x) f(x) g(x) .
6. Cf , Cg
x 0 (,) x 0 [,] , -

f g f(x) g(x) f(x) g(x) 0 .

,
h(x)=f(x) g(x), x Df Dg ,
Bolzano .
:

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2012-2013

7. f , x [,] , :
f [,] f()
f() ,
f [,] f.
8. .
Bolzano ( ), .
, .. .

-5-

2012-2013


:
, . - ,
, ,
.

. Bolzano

[ 6,7,8,9, 4,5,7*,8, .198-200]

[, , , - ]
1.

Bolzano

1 x 3x 1 , 3 x 1
f(x)
[3, 5]
2 x 1 x 1 , 1 x 5
2.

, Bolzano 2x-, 1 x 1

f(x) 5x-3, 1 x 2 [ 1, 3] .
x 2 -+1, 2 x 3

3.
4.

1
x x .
x
, 0 , x x ( )

.
5.

e x 1 ln x .

6.

N
( x 2)( x 3) 4( x 1)( x 3) 7( x 1)( x 2) 0 (1, 3) .

. &

[ 10, 6, .199-200]

7.

f x 4 x 2 , x
2 ,1 .

8.

f x 4 x 2 x f x 0 .

9.

f : [ 1, 2] R f x x 3 x 2 .
) f.
) f x 0 [ 1, 2] .

[ 9, . 200]

10. f f : [2, 4] . N x 0 [2, 4] f(x0 )

:

f(2)+2f(3)+3f(4)
.
6

-6-

2012-2013

.
11. 7x2012 3x2014 2 ( 1,1) .
2
2
2

0 , , 0 ,
x x 1 x 1
1 1 2 2

1 , 2 1,1
.
1 2
2

12.

13. f : x
f 3 ( x) f 2 ( x) f ( x) xe x x , (0,1) .

14. lnx x 0 , 1
2

(0,1) .
15. f f x f 2 x 0 x,
f x 0
16. e x x 2 0 .
17. * , x x (0, ] .
18. f : [0, 4] f(0) f(4) h(x) f(x) f(x 2) .
) h
) h .
) f(x)=f(x+2) [0, 2] .
19. f : ,
f 3 x 3x 2 f x x 6 1 0 x .
) f x 0 x .
) f(0) .
) f(x) 0 x .
20. f [0,] 3 x f 2 (x) 1 x [0, ] ,
f (0,) .
21. f : f(2) 1 1, 4 f(x) 0 .
lim[(1 f(3))x 3 2x 3] .
x

22. f : . f ( , 2] ,
[2, ) , lim f(x) lim f(x) , f(2) 0 .
x

) f.
) f(x) 0
23. f : * : f 2 (x) 6f(x) 5 x 4 4x 2 ,
x . :
) f(1)
) f
x
) lim
x f(x)
:

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2012-2013

24. f f(x) f(x 3) 0, x .

x 0 [0, 3] , f(x 0 ) f(x 0 2) .
25. f(x) g(x) : g(x) 1 f 2 (x) , x f(-2) f(1) 0 .
g B 2, , f .
[ ]
26. f : f(1) 2f(2) 3f(3) 0 f(x) 0 x ,
f .

2
3
27.
1 ,1 f x x f x 5 .

f 1 ,1 .
28. f R. x R
f 2 x 3f x 2 0 . f .

29. f [0, 5] f(1) f(2) f(3) 0 .

f(x) 0 [0, 5] .
30. z1 1 i z 2 ( )z 5 0,

, . (0,1) 3 ( ) e 0 .
31. f , lim f(x) 2 .
x 0
x 0 (0,1) f(x 0 ) 1 .
32. f f(5) 7 .
f(x) 6 , f .

33. x 3 x 2 0 , , R , 0 , 1 0 .
1 ,1 .
34. f x 0, 2 0 f x 2 x 0, 2 . x 0 0, 2 f 2 x 0 2f x 0 x 0 0 .
35. f : 0, R , f 0 f .

x 0 0, , f x 0 f x 0 .
2

36. f [1,2] f 2 6 , f 1 f 2 8 , , x 0 1 , 2 f x 0 x 0 x 02 .
37. f : me f(x) x , x . C f
A(3, 2) , :
) f(x) x , x .
) ( 1,1) , : f() 1 .
38. f :R R f 1 1 ,

f f x x 6 f x 0 x R . N f (1) f (0).

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2012-2013

2
e

, [2, 5] .
x x 1
2012 f(x) 0 [2, 5] .

39. f(x)

40. f ( x) xe x 1 x 2 x 1 . x1 , x 2 , x 3 [ 1,0]
A( x1 , 1), B( x 2 ,0), ( x 3 ,1) f.
41. f : [1, 3] lim f(x) 2 f(1)f(3) 10 . N
x 1

f(x) 4 (1, 3) .
42. f : [,] [,] . f
x 0 [,] y x .
43. f [ 1 , 2] f(1) f(2) ,
x 0 ( 1 , 2) 3f( 1) 4f(2) 7f(x 0 ) .

44. f : [,] , f() f() 0 ,

, , N * (,) . x 0 (,) ,
( )f(x 0 ) f() f() f() .

2 x 2 x 12 , x 1

45. f x
5
, x 1 , , .

x
,x 1

) , f x 0 1 .
) f lim f(x)
x

i)

h(x) f(x) g(x) , g(x) ln(x-1) .

ii)

C h xx .

iii)

x f x

2005

y = , R

R .

46. f : : f f(x) f (x) 3

f(1) 4 .

) : lim

f 1 x 3 2x 1
f 4 x2 x 2

) lim f(x) 8 , C f 6.
x5

) g(x) x f(x) 30 (x) .

Cg xx
(4,7) .
) x 0 [1,7] , 10f(x) 2f(2) 3f(3) 5f(5) .
47. f : (0,1] f(x)

1
ln x
x

) f
) (0, 1] 2 ln 2 3 .
:

-9-

2012-2013

48. :

.
,
.

.

.

!
, :

-10-

2012-2013