AMIT JHARBADE 10003033 DATE 15/10/12

Viscosity by efflux time Aim:

1. To determine viscosity of a given liquid by measuring efflux time for the given tank. 2. To determine diameter of given capillary tube and compare it with actual diameter.

Experimental setup:
1. An experimental setup consists of an acrylic storage tank to store test liquid. A collection tank for collecting test liquid coming out of test tank and send it back to the storage tank. A pump to pump test liquid from storage tank to test tank. 2. Two acrylic test tanks, of different dimensions. 3. Glass capillary tube of different inside diameters and different lengths. 4. Digital stop watch.

Procedure:
1. Attach the selected glass capillary to the side of the test tank. Close the glass capillary with the help of a finger. 2. Fill the test tank to its maximum possible level, with the given test liquid in the storage tank. 3. Release the finger on the tip of the glass capillary and allow the test liquid to flow freely through the capillary. Place the collection tank properly below the capillary so that teat liquid falls into it and is eventually sent back to the storage tank for reuse. 4. Allow the level of the test liquid in the test tank to come down to 25 centimeters mark and start the stopwatch. 5. Note down the time elapsed, from the beginning of the experiment, for every one centimeter fall in the liquid level in the test tank till level in the test tank come down to about 5 centimeters. 6. Repeat all above steps for two different capillaries.

Formulae used:
A= Viscosity = =
( )

Volumetric Flow Rate Q = Velocity of the fluid = U = Q/A Reynolds Number = Re =

(Where A=100mm2)

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Observation:
Density of fluid= 15.3 gm/cc

Diameter of capillary tube(D)= 4mm

Lenth of capillary tube=19.8

S.No. INITIAL HEIGHT(cm) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 FINAL HEIGHT (cm) 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 Teff (sec) 64 142 211 291 375 467 562 671 (centipoise) 0.226 0.244 0.235 0.236 0.236 0.237 0.236 0.238 Velocity(v) (cm/sec) 19.55 17.62 17.79 17.20 16.68 16.07 15.58 14.92 Reynold's number 30.65 25.58 26.81 25.80 25.04 24.02 23.37 22.22

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Diameter of capillary tube (D) = 5mm

Length of capillary tube (L) = 19.6 cm

S.No . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 INITIAL HEIGHT(cm) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 FINAL HEIGHT (cm) 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Teff (sec) 11 25 42 56 75 93 116 136 156 185 (centipoise) 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 Velocity(v) (cm/sec) 157.81 138.87 123.99 123.99 115.72 111.99 104.75 102.11 100.15 93.83 Reynold's number

3060.76 2434.35 1995.64 2055.05 1846.35 1786.54 1618.06 1595.29 1596.36 1462.30

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Diameter of capillary tube (D) = 6mm

Length of capillary tube (L) = 22.6 cm

S.No . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 INITIAL HEIGHT(cm) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 FINAL HEIGHT (cm) 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Teff (sec) 30 71 113 159 212 259 314 380 421 515 (centipoise) 0.22 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.28 Velocity(v) (cm/sec) 25.29 21.37 20.14 19.08 17.89 17.57 16.91 15.97 16.22 14.73 Reynold's number

51.69 37.91 34.63 32.02 29.02 28.93 27.74 25.67 27.53 23.70

Result:
1. Viscosity of liquid is measured by measuring efflux time for the given tank. 2. Average viscosity of a given liquid is 0.201centi-poise

Conclusion:
1. As the level of liquid in tank decreases, velocity decreases and hence efflux time increases. This is because of decrease in hydrostatic pressure at the orifice. 2. Efflux time is inversely proportional to D4. Hence using a capillary tube of large diameter, efflux time decreases. 3. Efflux time directly proportional to area of a tank and length of a capillary tube. 4. Efflux time is directly proportional to the area of the tank and lenth of the capillary tube. 5. Efflux time is directly proportional to the viscosity of the fluid keeping other things constant.

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