Control of Gene Expression

Intestinal E.Coli

Mechanisms of Regulation
Some genes are transcribed constitutively

Mechanisms of Regulation Vocabulary

Negative Control =

Positive Control =

Operon =

Metabolizing Lactose A Model System

Jacques Monod and Francois Jacob

-galactosidase

Metabolizing Lactose A Model System

QUESTION: When will -galactosidase be produced by E.coli?

Glucose Only

Lactose Only

Glucose +Lactose

George Beadle and Edward Tatum

One ought to be able to discover what genes do by making them defective

Metabolizing Lactose A Model System

3 MUTANTS IDENTIFIED:

lacZ could not breakdown lactose lacY failed to accumulate lactose inside the cell lacI produced enzyme at all times (constitutive mutant)

Metabolizing Lactose Mechanisms of Control

Negative Control = regulatory protein binds to DNA and shuts down transcription Positive Control = regulatory protein binds to DNA and triggers transcription

Metabolizing Lactose Negative Control

Metabolizing Lactose Positive Control

Catabolite Activator Protein (CAP) = allows transcription to occur much more efficiently
CAP Binding Site cAMP

Metabolizing Lactose Positive Control

Metabolizing Lactose Positive Control

Negative Feedback= abundance of end product inhibit enzyme

Metabolizing Lactose Positive Control

Glucose High Glucose Low

(Adenyl Cyclase inhibited by glucose)

Think Pair Share

1. What is the difference between positive and negative control over transcription? Think of analogy besides the car analogy to help you remember the difference. 1. Review with your group the mechanisms of positive and negative control in the lac operon. Then think about this question: Why is it advantageous for the lac operon to be under both positive control and negative control? What would happen if only negative control occurred? If only positive control occurred?

Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes

Globin vs. Ovalbumin gene Activity

DNase

Eukaryotes
Histone Acetyl Transferases (HATs) = add acetyl group to histones, which can then act as binding sites for chromatin remodeling complexes

Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) = remove acetyl groups and recondense chromatin

Radiolab Inheritance
Time: 16:20 min 1. Outline the purpose and findings of mouselicking experiment

2. What is epigenetics?

3. How did the mouse-licking experiment illustrate an example of epigenetics?

Eukaryotic Regulatory Sequences

Promoter Region =

Transcription Factors =

Enhancer Sequence =

Terminator Sequence =

What is a gene?
Gene = the DNA that codes for a functional polypeptide AND

Connecting Cancer and Regulation of Gene Expression

The guardian of the genome