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The Complete Idiot's


Guide to

Digital
Photography
Steven Greenberg

ALPHA
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37.947
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2003 by Steven Greenberg


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Pearson Education Inc.
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ISBN 5-94723-532-3
ISBN 0-02-864453-0 (.)
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05784 07.09.01.
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11.09.03. 70X100/16. . . . 28,38. 5000 . 577.
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, 275
, 278
, 278. . Photoshop,

, 268

, 278
, 280
, 201
, 273
, 247, 266, 278
, 274
, 282
, 268, 274
. . Move
, 277
, 271
, , 276
, 189, 272
, 282. .

, 268
, 268, 275
, , 273
, 273

, 255, 274
, 247, 283
, Drop Shadow, 265
, Inner Shadow, 255
, Outer Glow, 268
, , 264
, , 263
, , 266
, 279
, 260, 262-263
, 265
, 263, 278
, 276
, 246, 247
, 189, 272
-, 325

, 220, 227
, 233

346
Photoshop ()
, 250
Save As, , 185
, 325
, 185
, 263
JPEG, 320
, 185

, 260
, 260
, 261, 264
, 260
, 261
, 262
, 260
, 260
, 260
, 263
, 260
, 260
, 267
, 263
. .
, , 265
, , 268
, 260
, 260
, 263
, 260

, 220
, 189
, 193
, 194
, 263, 278

, , 239, 250

Levels, , 199

Add Noise, 292


Blur, 211
Blur More, 211
Chalk & Charcoal, 255
Clouds, 239
Colored Pensil, , 288
Custon Filter, 294
Despeckle, 213
Dust and Scratches, 213, 256
Filter, , 287
Gaussian Blur, 212
Mosaic. Tiles, 291
Motion Blur, 212
Motion Blur, , 289
Patchwork, 291
Radian Blur, 212
Ripple, 293
Sharpen, 209
Sharpen Edges, 209
Sharpen More, 209


Photoshop, ()
Smart Blur, 212
Unsharp Mask, 209
, 286
Artistic, 288
Blur, 289
Texture, 291
, 257, 288
, 285
, 288
, , 292
, 294
, 288
, 287

, 187

, 237
. . Photoshop,

, 237
, 229, 238

, 195
, 198, 200
, 202
, 201
, 199
. .
, 208
. . ,
, 208
, 184
, 313
, 184
. . Photoshop,
, 184, 216
, 184
, 187
, 242, 313
, 184

, 195
, 195
Photoshop Elements, 96, 177, 183
Create Photoinerge, 336
, 177
, 336
PICT, , 167
PKZip, , 161
ppi. . , ppi
PSD, , 263

Q-R
QTVR, , 30
QuickTake, , 23
RAM, , 77
RGB, , 33, 204, 299
RLE, , 160

347

S-Z
Stufflt, , 162
TIFF, , 72, 164, 186, 263
TWAIN, 177, 179
USB, 69, 80, 171
WinZip, , 161
Zoom. .

, 121
, 123
, 73, 143
. .
, 61, 117
, 117
, 117
, 118
, 117
, 117
, 118

FlashPath, SmartMedia, 180


, 71, 180
, 58
. .

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. .
, 303
, 206
, 20

. .

-, 328
, 82
, 82
, 36, 45
, 55, 64
, 65
, 64
, 63, 144
, 145
, 146
, 146
, 144
, 144
, 145
, , 148
, 34
, 106, 110. .
, 112
, 107

, 21
, 21
, 110

, 95, 263
, 95

Adobe Photoshop. . Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop Elements. . Photoshop
Elements
LivePix, 96
Paint Shop, 96
, 92

., 21
, 21
, 45, 117
, 36, 61, 106. .
, 104
, 112
, 107
, 111
, 61, 106
CD-R, CD-RW, 85
, 122
, 33
TWAIN, 177, 179
, 177

, 78
, 83
, 55, 64

, 35, 114
, 22, 37
, 105
, 105

. .
. . Photoshop:
, 261
, 26, 61
, 93
, 195
, 195
, 93, 227, 250, 253.
. Photoshop,
, 280
, , 281

348
()
. . Photoshop,
, 193
, 195
. . Photoshop,
, 251
, 251
, 195
, 213
, 195
, 261
, 324
, 203
, . . Photoshop
, 92, 130, 192

, 176, 191

Outlook Express, 322
, 323
, 322
, 319
, 97
, 176
, 228
. . Photoshop,
, 93, 191
, 98, 173
, 157 - 158, 319
, 93, 186
, , 186
. .
, 186
, 157
, , 319
-
, 324

Photoshop, 211
. .
, , 229
. . Photoshop,
, , 237
, , 289
, , 289
, , 221
, , , 239
, , 229

bitmap, 207
, 208
, 207
, 204
, 207
, 61
Photoshop, 208
. . Photoshop,
, 241
. .


()
, 336
-, 325
, 239
, 167, 176
Photoshop, 185
, 227

, 327
. .

, 206
, 198
, 93, 195, 198, 200 - 202
, 93
, 93, 195
, 195
, 94
, 313
, 27, 48, 124
, 28

, 69
, 197
-, 19
, 50, 66, 180
CompactFlash, 67, 180
PC Card, 66
PCMCIA, 66, 180
SmartMedia, 67, 180
, 180
, 180
-, 39
-, 85, 168
, 125
, 129
, 137
, 129
, 126
, 133
, 137 - 138
, 92
, 132
, 192, 250
, 129
, 140
, 126
, 130
, 130
, 126
, 137
, 136

, 133
, 133
, 134
, , 126
, 139


()
, 134
, 131

IEEE 1394 (FireWire), , 80, 171


SCSI, , 80
Windows, , 76
, 81
, 84
CD-R, 85
CD-RW, 85
. .
. .

Macintosh, 75
PC, 75
, 171

IEEE 1394 (FireWire), 80, 171


USB, 80, 171
, 80, 171
, 76

, 82
, 78
. .
, 77
, 77
, 78
, 78
, 76
, 93, 195
, 132
, 55


-, 39
, 39
-, 39
,
, 41
, -, 40
, 109
, 109
, 40
, 49

Microdrive, 69
PCMCIA, 67
, 81

(LCD), 83
, 300
, 197
Adove Gamma. . Adobe Gamma
, 300
, 301

349
()
, 297
ICC, 300

ppi, 155
, 153
, 299
, 82

, 37
Photoshop, 203
, 72
, 37
, , 20

, 26
, 36, 45
, 61. .

, 62, 115
. .

, 60
, 114
. .
, 130
, 121
, 121
, 121
, 121
, 104
. .
, 105
, 116
, 116
, 119
, 116
,
60, 116, 123
, 124
, 116
, 62, 115
, 61, 106
, 116
, 119
, 114
, 111, 114
, 105, 118, 120
, 120
35- , 120
, 116
, 122, 130
, 123
, 122
, . .
, 77

350
, 104

. .
, 142
, 143
, 147
, 150
, 149
, 151
, 148
, 149
, 148
, 148
, 142, 147
, 143
, 105

. . Irian View

, 66
, 66

Memory Stick, 69
, 66
, 69
, , 45
, 34
, 69


Photoshop, 313
, 315
, 316
, 316

dpi, 156, 309


, 299
, 157
-, 39
, 39, 153
. .
, 93
, 119

USB, 69, 171


, 69, 171

, 85

, 305
, 304
, 305
, 88
, 310
, 297
, 312
, 316
, 308


()

dpi, 156, 309


Ipi, 157
, 156
, 86
, 88
, 88
, 87
, 88
, 299
, 316

. .

, 172
Image Expert, 173
PhotoWise, 94
, 96
IrfanView. . IrfanView
, 93, 172
, 101
, 37

, 159. . Photoshop,

, 93, 186
, 72, 153
ppi, 155, 309
, 153, 159
ppi, 309

, 309
, , 309
, 187
, 153
, 153
, 26, 27

dpi, 156, 309


Ipi, 157, 310

, 310
, 156

FireWirc, 70, 171


USB, 69, 171
, 171

, 72
, 72, 112
, 72, 112
. .

, 114
, 34
, 147
, 34, 147
, 61, 106

351


, 61
,
, 116
, 116
, 27, 73, 108
ASA, , 73, 108
ISO, . . ISO,
, 113
, 159

LZW, 165
, 161, 321
PkZip, 161
Stufflt, 162
WinZip, 161, 186
, 186
RLE, , 160

, 320 - 321
, 160
, 146
, 89
, 89
, 90
, 90
, 69
, 38
-, 325
, 28, 59
CCD, 39
, 34

, 106
, 110
, 133
, 106
. .
, 118
, 143
, 126
. ,
, 134
, , 122
, 121
, 134

, 112
, 112
, 107
, 112
, 134
, 121
, 111, 114
. ,
, 69

-
, , 22
, 22
, 73, 143, 151

, 119

, 66. .

, 22, 37
, 41
-. .
, 114
, 114
, 111, 114
, 105-106, 118, 120

BMP, 167
EPS, 166
FlashPIX, 166
GIF, 165
JPEG, 163, 213, 261
Photoshop, 320
, 186
PDF, 166
PICT, 167
PSD, 185, 263
TIFF, 164, 186, 263
, 185
, 101

DCS 2, 23
, 73
. .
. .
. .
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. .
, 23
. .

SLR, 46
,
. . , ,, .,.
, .,
, 45
, 46
, 45
, 36
, 114
, 111, 114
, 106

-, 328
, , 49
, 173
, 329
, 48, 124
, 55
, 47
, 55
, 55
, 171
, 51

352
, ()
, 51
, 153
, 56
, 109
, 160
, 52
, 52
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, 51
. .
, 73
, 72
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. .
, 121
, 130
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, 122
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. .
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. . Photoshop,
. .
, 121
. .
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-, 37

-
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, 297
, 303
, 131
, 206
, 93. . , ,

, 200
, 142, 147
, 298
, 303
, 200, 206
, 204

, 204
, , 34
, 33
, 204


()
, 205
, , 34

CIE LAB, 298
CMYK, 86, 205, 299
HSB, 206
LAB, 205, 298
RGB, 33, 204, 299
-, 299
-, 298
, 208
, 77
. .
, 173, 177, 180
. .
, 26
, 26
, 97
, 24
, 327
, 27
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, 112

, 112
, 112
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, 113
, 72, 107, 143

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, 123
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