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THE STANDARDS
The standard for Engineering is AS1100. It relates to the Specification for defining, specifying and graphically representing products.
TYPES OF PROJECTIONS
There are two main types of projection: perspective and parallel. These are broken down into subtypes, as shown below:
First Angle
Image
Object
The Picture below is of an object in an isometric view, we are going to demonstrate how this object should look in first and third angle.
Object A
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
MEANING
Orthographic projection is a parallel projection technique
in which the parallel lines of sight are perpendicular to the
projection plane
Object views from top
2 5 3
3 4
4 Projection plane
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
Orthographic view depends on relative position of the object
Tilt
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
NOTES
Orthographic projection technique can produce either 1. Multiview drawing that each view show an object in two dimensions. 2. Axonometric drawing that show all three dimensions of an object in one view. Both drawing types are used in technical drawing for
communication.
Multiview Drawing
Advantage
It represents accurate shape and size.
DRAWING STANDARD
INTRODUCTION
Standards are set of rules that govern how technical
drawings are represented.
Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey the same meaning to everyone who reads them.
Standard Code
Country
USA Japan UK Australia Code ANSI JIS BS AS DIN ISO Full name American National Standard Institute Japanese Industrial Standard British Standard Australian Standard Deutsches Institut fr Normung International Standards Organization
Germany
Contents
Sizes and Format of Drawings Line Conventions Lettering Scales Projection methods Presentation of Views and Sections Dimensioning
DRAWING SHEET
Trimmed paper of a size A0 ~ A4. Standard sheet size (JIS) A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 210 x 297 297 x 420 420 x 594 594 x 841 841 x 1189
A4 A3 A2
A1
(Dimensions in millimeters)
A0
c Title block
Drawing space
Title block
Sheet size A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
c (min) d (min) 10 25 10 25 10 25 20 25 20 25
Drawing Scales
Length, size
Drawing Scales
Designation of a scale consists of the word SCALE
SCALE X:1 for enlargement scales SCALE 1:X for reduction scales
DRAWING SCALE
Drawing scale is the reduction or enlargement of the drawn object relative to the real object
Reduced and Enlarged Scale. Many drawings must be shown at reduced scale for the object to fit on the paper.
For a part that is shown on the paper at half its actual size, the scale is listed in one of these three ways:
SCALE: 1:2 SCALE: 1/2 SCALE: .5
List the predominant drawing scale in the title block. (Courtesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.)
STANDARD SHEETS
There are ANSI/ASME standards for international and U.S. sheet sizes. Note that drawing sheet size is given as height width. Most standard sheets use what is called a landscape orientation.
* May also be used as a vertical sheet size at 11" tall by 8.5" wide.
TITLE BLOCK
The title block is located in the lower right corner of the format. Standard areas in the title block provide the information as shown below.