Primary Sources

Derthick, Lawrence G. "Soviet Commitment to Education:Report of the First Official U.S.Education Mission to the U.S.S.R." American Decades Primary Sources (2004): 1end. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 8 Nov. 2012. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/PrimarySourcesDetailsPage/PrimarySourcesDetailsWin dow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC%3AWHIC&windowstate=normal&content Modules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=PrimarySources&limiter=&currPage=&dis ableHighlighting=false&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&search_within_results=&a ction=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3490201080>. This is a primary source telling of the Cold War's effect upon the U.S's education. I used this to understand the effects of Sputnik on America, and how America decided to look into the education style of the USSR.

Gaddis, John Lewis. "The Cold War, the Long Peace, and the Future." The Cold War. Ed. Walter Hixson. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 2000. American Journey. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 27 Jan. 2013. This is a journal article describing the Cold War and its shape on the future relations between countries. I used this to show pre-existing tensions between the US and Soviet Russia as they moved to create the first spacecraft.

"Radio and Television Address to the American People on Science in National Security." Perf. Dwight D. Eisenhower. Episode #230. The President's News Conf. 7 Nov. 1957. Print. Transcript. This is a speech given by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to the public regarding the status of America's military and technological power. I used it to learn how the President was doing his best to keep things under control. In addition, I needed to know if America was really behind or not, or if Eisenhower was being completely frank about the situation when addressing the public.

Richardson, Elliot Lee. "Summary of Major Provisions of the National Defense Education Act of 1958." American Decades Primary Sources (2004): n. pag. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/PrimarySourcesDetailsPage/PrimarySourcesDetailsWin dow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC%3AWHIC&windowstate=normal&content Modules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=PrimarySources&limiter=&currPage=&dis ableHighlighting=false&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&search_within_results=&a ction=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3490201080>. The source describes the key points in the NDEA of 1958. It helped me to bolster my argument that the NDEA was a turning point in American education. Spivack, Robert G. "Watch on the POTOMAC." Daily Defender [Chicago, IL] 9 Oct. 1957, Daily ed.: n. pag. Print. This news source, published just days after the launch of Sputnik, describes the despair of the Vanguard project members and the new "arms" race that is started in space by Sputnik. I used this news article to help add to my "America's Reaction" page. It also showed how people (and the news) felt that Vanguard was a failure. The article was vague at the end, showing uncertainty about the impact of Sputnik, and America's security at the time. "Watch on the POTOMAC." Daily Defender [Chicago] 16 Dec. 1958: n. pag. Print. This article mentions several funding organizations for education and the NDEA as it talks about education. I used it to help show how reactions to Sputnik helped America education.

Secondary Sources
Brzezinski, Matthew. Red Moon Rising. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2007. Print. This source explains Sputnik's role in starting the space race.

I used this source to understand the man behind Sputnik (Korolev), and to learn about the first launching of the V-2 rocket. PL. - - -. "Sputnik" ["Satellite"]. Space Sciences (2009): 1. Gale Science in Context. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOve rType=&query=&prodId=SCIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view &displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&sour ce=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityTyp e=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCV2643750061>.

This article describes the launch of Sputnik 1 and following Sputnik satellites. I used it to check and obtain general/common knowledge of Sputnik, and to learn about Sputnik's impact on American society. Dickson, Paul. "Sputnik's Impact on America." PBS. WGBH, 6 Nov. 2007. Web. 30 Jan. 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/sputnik-impact-on-america.html>. This is a PBS article about Sputnik's effect on America. It discusses funding, military and security aspects of the effect. I used this to understand how Sputnik had helped America's military grow in power. - - -. Sputnik- the Shock of the Century. New York: Walter & Company, 2001. Print. This source gives a extensive history on the background of Sputnik, before and after. I used it to get information about the National Defense Education Act and which groups it affected the most in America. UL. Galloway, Eilene. "Sputnik and the Creation of NASA: A Personal Perspective." NASA. Ed. Kristen Erickson. NASA, 28 May 2008. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. <http://www.nasa.gov/50th/50th_magazine/gallowayEsaay.html>. This is a NASA article of an essay written about the creation of NASA after Sputnik's launch. I used it to show how Sputnik's legacy affects even our world today.

Garber, Steve. "Sputnik and the Dawn of the Space Age." National Aeronautics and Space Association History Home. Ed. Bill Barry. usa.gov, 2 Aug. 2004. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. <http://history.nasa.gov/sputnik/index.html>. This NASA source gives a background of the Sputnik project and tells how the American people reacted. I used this to get information on the origins of Sputnik, as well as some additional quantitative information about the satellite. Kojevnikov, Alexei. "Sputnik" ["Satellite"]. Europe since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction 4 (2006): n. pag. Gale World History in Context. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOv erType=&query=&prodId=WHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=vie w&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&so urce=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityTy pe=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3447000815>. This source describes the repercussions of the launch of Sputnik, and also the background around it. This was used by me to get general information about Sputnik and to learn about the change of the image of the USSR in the American peoples' minds after Sputnik's launch.

Rice, Earle, Jr. The Cold War- Collapse of Communism. San Diego: Lucent, 2000. Print. History's Great Defeats. This book gives an in-depth summary of the Cold War and how the USSR dissolved. I used it to get background information on the Cold War for the website on Sputnik.

Urban, Wayne J. More than Science and Sputnik : the National Defense Education Act of 1958. Tuscaloosa: Tuscaloosa : U of Alabama, 2010. Print. This describes the major effects of the National Defense Education Act of 1958. I used this source to help understand how the NDEA worked and what in education specifically it helped.

Zak, Anatoly. Gives a history of Sputnik including Technology, People, and Context leading up to the launch of Sputnik I. Ed. Alain Chabot. Russian Space Web: News & History of Astronautics in the Former USSR. Ed. Anatoly Zak. Anatoly Zak, 1 Jan. 2001. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. <http://www.russianspaceweb.com/sputnik.html>. This website gives a comprehensive summary of Sputnik's backgrounds, context, and effects upon the world. I used it to understand the tensions in world politics, how Sputnik was made, and technical information such as its orbit period.

Images and Video

Amendements to the Provisions of the National Defense Education Act of 1958. N.d. Oklahoma State University Library. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. <http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol6/html_files/images/v6p1163.jpg>. This is a photo of the amendment attached to the NDEA. I used it for a cover picture on my website.

Bachrach, Fabian. Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952. 1952. America's Story from America's Library. Web. 27 Dec. 2012. <http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/eisenhower/aa_eisenhower_subj_e.html>. This is a photo of President Eisenhower in 1952. I used this to give the reader a sense of this President. Bettman. A Russian guide-engineer at a Moscow exhibition displays a replica of the Soviet satellite Sputnik 1, November 1957. N.d. National Public Radio. Web. 30 Jan. 2013. <http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14829195>. This is a photo of a display of Sputnik. I used it in my "Math and Science" page of my website.

Bogdanov, Konstantin. Yury Gagarin and Sergei Korolev. N.d. Rianovosti. Web. 21 Dec. 2012. <http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20110405/163392264.html>. This picture depicts Sergei Korolev with Yury Gagarin. This photo helped me show Korolev's importance as the "Chief Designer" in the Soviet Union. Emergency instructions for "When The Bombs Drop," circa 1943. N.d. The Crile Archives and Centre for History Education. Web. 21 Dec. 2012. <http://www.crilearchives.org/coldwar.htm>. This is a picture of a guide to surviving a bombing in America. I used this to show the readers of my website how scared civilians were of warfare during the Cold War.

"First Artificial Earth Satellite: Sputnik." HISTORY. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. <http://www.history.com/news/from-sputnik-to-spacewalking-7-soviet-spacefirsts>. This source describes the Russian history of space starting from Sputnik I. I used it to get a picture of Sputnik I (a replica) to use on my website.

"Korolev for web- 1." ALTHistory. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://images2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20120814232133/althistory/images/thumb/4/41/ Korolev_for_web-1-.jpg/291px-Korolev_for_web-1-.jpg>. This is a picture of a smiling Sergei Korolev. I used this for a slideshow displaying pictures.

A letter written by Eisenhower confirming his signing of the NDEA. N.d. TechIntersect. Web. 28 Dec. 2012. <http://billgx.edublogs.org/2009/05/08/federal-aid-to-education/>. This picture is of a statement written by President Eisenhower regarding his signing of the NDEA. It helped me to show the viewers of the website the ideas of how to help education at the time.

Long, Eric. "Sputnik I." Smithsonian Air and Space. Smithsonian, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. This photograph is of a replica of Sputnik I. It was used by me to tile the cover title.

Loyalty affidavit required of public school teachers in Indiana, 1963. N.d. The Crile Archives and Centre for History Education. Web. 20 Dec. 2012. <http://www.crilearchives.org/coldwar.htm>. This photograph shows a picture of a loyalty oath signed by a public school teacher during the Cold War in America. It helps me understand the seriousness of this war and how much distrust was present on both sides.

Mikhail Tikhonravov. N.d. Russian Space Web. Web. 18 Dec. 2012. <http://www.russianspaceweb.com/tikhonravov.html>. This is a photo of Mikhail Tikhonravov, instrumental in the process of Sputnik's creation and launch. I used this photo as a visual helper on the Sputnik Website, to help the reader relate to the historical figures.

Mir. N.d. World Industrial Reporter. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. <http://www.worldindustrialreporter.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/12/shuttlemir_nasa_big.jpg>. This is a photo of a docking space shuttle at Mir. I used it to show the development of space travel after Sputnik. A newspaper in America heralding the success of the Soviet Union. CoalWood WestVirginia. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://www.coalwoodwestvirginia.com/images/NewsPaper1.jpg>. This picture, published just after the launch of Sputnik, showed me how much Sputnik affected the country, making headlines for weeks.

Nikita Khrushchev denounces Stalin's regime. N.d. BBC On This Day. Web. 18 Dec. 2012. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/38850000/jpg/_38850965_krushchev238.jpg>. This is a picture of Nikita Khrushchev, successor of Joseph Stalin. I used this picture in my website for a slideshow under the "Context" tab. It was useful because I wanted viewers to see important people from the past related to Sputnik. A Page of the NDEA. N.d. Scribd. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. <http://htmlimg1.scribdassets.com/2de4xp1ef4zn8ea/images/3-6d81bdc7f1.jpg>. This is a picture of a page of the NDEA. I used it to show what the NDEA looked like and provide a picture for the reader. Physics Science Education at school college or university. N.d. 123RF. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. <http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/gunnar3000/gunnar30001003/gunnar30001003001 65/6651850-physics-science-education-at-school-collage-or-university.jpg>. This is a photo of a workbook on physics. I used it on a page of my website.

"RUSSLAND RAUMFAHRT SPUTNIK JAHRESTAG." AP Images. Associated, 14 Sept. 2007. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://www.apimages.com/OneUp.aspx?st=k&kw=sputnik&showact=results&sort=rele vance&intv=None&sh=14&kwstyle=and&adte=1355750461&pagez=60&cfasstyle=AN D&rids=e9d67fb830bd4fd38c4c3bcfb580393b&dbm=PY2007&page=1&xslt=1&mediat ype=Photo>. This is the first ever photograph of the real Sputnik on a pedestal. I used this picture in a slideshow for my website. Siddiqi, Asif A. Sputnik 1. N.d. NASA. NASA. Web. 20 Dec. 2012. <http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_924.html>.

This picture depicts a technician polishing up Sputnik, and making final preparations for the launch. The photograph was useful in allowing me to show Sputnik on my website, and to give the reader an image when they are on the website. Sputnik Launch Headline. 5 Oct. 1957. James O Berg. Web. 27 Dec. 2012. <http://www.jamesoberg.com/>. This is a photo of a headline regarding Sputnik printed the day after the launch. It helped me to give readers the ability to understand the magnitude of this event.

Sputnik 1- Opened Up. 2007. MentalLandscape. Web. 18 Dec. 2012. <http://www.mentallandscape.com/s_sputnik1.htm>. This is a picture of Sputnik I's inside parts, including a fan. I used this to help the reader of my website see how Sputnik worked. Sputnik on the launchpad being prepared for liftoff. N.d. Photograph. This photo is of Sputnik on the launchpad. I used this as part of the cover photo for a page of my website. Stanford software lead Mike Montemerlo says deciding when to merge into traffic is one of Junior's biggest challenges. "It's kind of an all or nothing decision," says Montemerlo. N.d. Wired. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. <http://www.wired.com/images/article/full/2007/10/darpa_urban_challenge_630px.jpg>. This is a photo of a car from the DARPA Urban Challenge, which was autonomously driven. This photo helps me show how the foundations created after Sputnik's launch are really important to the future. US 'Vanguard rocket explodes. Dec. 1957. Jim Oberg's Pioneering Space. Web. 27 Dec. 2012. <http://www.jamesoberg.com/>. This photograph shows a newspaper article about the failure of the Vanguard project in America, which helped me show the difference in technology between the USSR and the US.

"WWII: Dwight D. Eisenhower in England." AP Images. Associate Press, 13 May 2011. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. <http://www.apimages.com/OneUp.aspx?st=k&kw=dwight%20d.%20eisenhower&show act=results&sort=relevance&intv=None&sh=14&kwstyle=and&adte=1355705834&page z=60&cfasstyle=AND&rids=8c729b746d094a278df59fb68ccfca6b&dbm=PY2011&pag e=1&xslt=1&mediatype=Photo>. This is a photograph of Dwight D. Eisenhower in England, on a tank range. I used this picture to help the viewer of my website see who the President at the time was and connect better to his speech. "WWII: Dwight D. Eisenhower in England." AP Images. Associate Press, 13 May 2011. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. <http://www.apimages.com/OneUp.aspx?st=k&kw=dwight%20d.%20eisenhower&show act=results&sort=relevance&intv=None&sh=14&kwstyle=and&adte=1355705834&page z=60&cfasstyle=AND&rids=8c729b746d094a278df59fb68ccfca6b&dbm=PY2011&pag e=1&xslt=1&mediatype=Photo>. This is a photograph of Dwight D. Eisenhower in England, on a tank range. I used this picture to help the viewer of my website see who the President at the time was and connect better to his speech.