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Study Guide
Complete the study on the course OptiX RTN 600 Introduction. Have the general networking knowledge of the SDH optical
transmission network.
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References
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Training Purpose
Describe the network application of the OptiX RTN 600. List the common networking modes of the OptiX RTN 600. List the service types and protection schemes supported by the OptiX RTN 600.
Describe the configuration requirements of the OptiX RTN 600 on each protection scheme.
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Table of Contents
1. Network Application and Networking Modes of the OptiX RTN 600
1.1 Network Application and Station Types 1.2 Application 1.3 Networking Modes
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Network Application
The OptiX RTN 600 radio transmission system is a short haul digital
microwave transmission system. Each radio frequency (RF) carrier of the RTN 600 system can transmit 2 E1 4 E1 5 E1 8 E1 10 E116 E1 22 E1 26 E1 32 E1 35 E144 E1 53 E1 E3 STM-1 on the 6GHz-38 GHz RF band.
The system provides multiple service interfaces, and it can be flexibly configured and easily installed. It can form the transmission network with the optical transmission equipment at the access layer, and can also provide backhaul links in a mobile telecommunication network or a private network.
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Terminal station: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services only in one direction. Relay station: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services in two directions and is required added to solve the problem existing in the microwave line of sight communication. The relay station is classified into two types, active relay station and passive relay station. Add/Drop relay station: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services in two directions and adds/drops transmitted services. Pivotal station: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services in three or more than three directions and transfers the services in transmission channels in different directions. It is also called the HUB station.
Primary station: the transmit frequency is higher than the receive frequency, also named high station. Non-primary station: the transmit frequency is lower than the receive frequency, also named low station.
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Relay station Terminal station Pivotal station Terminal station f1 f 1 Primary station
Terminal station f 1
f1
Non-primary station
The Primary station and the Non-primary station are usually arranged alternately in the double-frequency radio link.
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 7
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slot 20
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slot3 slot1
IF1A SCC
slot3 slot1
IF1A SCC
slot4 slot2
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slot7
slot5 slot3 slot1
IF1A
slot 20 IF1A PXC PXC
slot7
slot5 slot3 slot1
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Table of Contents
1. Network Application and Networking Modes of the OptiX RTN 600
1.1 Network Application and Station Types 1.2 Application 1.3 Networking Modes
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The following figures show the basic topologies of the microwave network.
Ring network Chain network
Star network
Tree network
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Business center
Service center Other client
VIP client
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Radio link
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Transmission network
User network
User network
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User network
Transmission network
User network
User network
User network
User network
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Table of Contents
1. Network Application and Networking Modes of the OptiX RTN 600
1.1 Network Application and Station Types 1.2 Application 1.3 Networking Modes
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Limitation of ODU
One site is high site ODU, the other site is low site ODU. The two site form one hop, the ODUs must be the same type and all the ODUs come from the same manufacturer.
Limitation of IDU
The same type IDU in two site of one hop, these two site can interconnection One site use IDU 605, the other site use IDU 610, in this case, these two site cannot interconnection One sit use IDU 605, the other site use IDU 620, in this case, the IF board be used in IDU 620 must be IF0 board.
The clock tracing feature for the IDU 605 is auto-negotiationit neednt to be manual setting
The clock of IDU 620 can not tracing the clock of IDU 605
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Networking
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The OptiX RTN 600 configures different types of indoor units (IDU), including IDU 610, IDU 620, and IDU 605, to meet the requirements of different application scenarios, and the OptiX RTN 600 outdoor units (ODU) can be applied in all the application scenarios.
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Point-to-Point Networking
In this networking mode, the services between two nodes are transported over microwave. In a point-to-point network, you can use the IDU 605 1A or IDU 605 1B that provides 1+0 non-protection configuration for the microwave services, or you can use the IDU 605 2B that provides 1+1 protection configuration for the microwave services.
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network and construct the last hop together with the NE that uses the IDU
620.
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Chain Networking
In this networking mode, all the microwave transmission nodes are connected in series, but the head and tail nodes are not directly connected.
In the chain network, you can replace the IDU 620 used at the terminal stations with the IDU 605 or IDU 610 according to the requirements of the microwave link
Questions
How many microwave station types can be configured on the OptiX RTN 600? What are them?
List out four applications of the OptiX RTN 600 in the transmission network.
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Table of Contents
1. Network Application and Networking Modes of the OptiX RTN 600
1.1 Network Application and Station Types 1.2 Application 1.3 Networking Modes
2.
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Active ODU
mute
Standby ODU
Standby IF Board
Note: In the case of the IDU 605 2B, the multiplexing sub-unit that is embedded in the IF unit replaces the cross-connect unit of the IDU 620 to realize the dual fed and selective receiving function.
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 29
Switch point
Switch condition
Automatic switch: IF board hardware fault, ODU hardware fault, remote failure indication, and microwave frame loss.,
Characteristics
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Antenna 1 Antenna 2
Mute
Standby ODU
Standby IF Board
The two built-in IF units of the IDU 605 2B realize the functions of two IF boards of the IDU 620. The multiplexing sub-unit that is embedded in the IF unit of the IDU 605 2B realizes the functions of the cross-connect board of the IDU 620.
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 32
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Antenna Hybrid
tf2
Standby ODU
Standby IF Board
rf2
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Antenna 1 Antenna 2
tf2
rf2
Standby ODU
Standby IF board
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Switch point
Switch condition
Automatic switch: microwave frame loss, microwave signal loss, microwave bit error , and the HSB switch triggers HSM receives forcibly the services from standby board. Manual switch: Force switch, clear.
Characteristics
The Active /standby IF board must in paired slots. Switch is implemented by hardware.
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Reverse Switch
Introduction
When the system fails to detect the hardware faults in the transmission direction, the HSB and SD cannot be triggered.
Switch condition
Remote site detecting the failure and send RDI to local site to trigger the HSB or SD switch.
Characteristics
It is only configured in the case of HSB or SD. Through the service detection, all the hardware faults in the transmission direction can be protected. Fail to accurately differentiate the hardware fault and external fading. After the fading, the repeated switch may be caused.
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Configuration Requirement
Switching Condition
Service Interruption
Hardware fault of the IF unit and ODU unit, MW_LOF, R_LOS, R_LOC, R_LOF and MW_RDI
1+1 SD
The conditions triggering the 1+1 SD protection switching is the service fault. In this case, the MW_LOF, R_LOS, R_LOC, and R_LOF are not counted as the conditions triggering the HSB switching. The condition triggering the 1+1 FD protection switching is the service fault.
IF unit
1+1 FD
In this case, the MW_LOF, R_LOS, R_LOC, and R_LOF are The sub-band of the main and not counted as the conditions standby ODUs should be triggering the HSB switching. different. Page 38 Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
IF unit
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Table of Contents
1. Network Application and Networking Modes of the OptiX RTN 600
1.1 Network Application and Station Types 1.2 Application 1.3 Networking Modes
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Feature Description
The protection type of N+1 protection is similar to the dual-ended revertive switching mode of 1:N linear multiplex section protection, which provide one protection channel, N working channels, and the protection channel transport extra service.
The ODUs must adopt the separate mounting mode due to the limitations
N+1 protection is available in two configuration modes: 2+1 protection configuration and 3+1 protection configuration. As the 3+1 protection configuration is complexity, it is not recommend configuring 3+1 protection.
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Realization principle of 2+1 protection (before the switching) after the switching
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The members of an N+1 protection group cannot be configured with 1+1 protection.
The radio link with N+1 protection configuration can work only as the service sink of an SNCP service pair, and cannot work as the
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REG Function
In the case of 3+1 protection, you need to configure REGs for the secondary NE.
When a MW_LOF or REG section alarm( include R_LOSR_LOC R_LOF) is generated, the REG inserts an MS-AIS alarm instead of AU_AIS alarm. The N+1 protection switching will be triggered.
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Table of Contents
1. Network Application and Networking Modes of the OptiX RTN 600
1.2 Application
1.3 Networking Modes
2.
SNCP
SNCP stands for the sub-network connection protection. The protection is performed when the signal fail or are degraded. SNCP adopts the 1+1 single-end switching and does not require the support of the protocol.
The required conditions triggering the lower order SNCP include the TU_AIS and TU_LOP. The optional conditions triggering the lower order SNCP include the LP_TIM, LP_UNEQ, LP_SLM, BIP_EXC, and BIP_SD.
The service interruption time in the SNCP switching is less than 50 ms. The source board in an SNCP pair must be the line board or the IF board. If the IF board is configured in one 1+1 protection group, it cannot be configured as the source board of one SNCP pair.
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SNCP (cont.)
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The SNCP is shown in the following figure. Services are transmitted bidirectionally at
NE A. The path that passes through NE B is the active path. The path that passes through NE D is the standby path.
In the normal state, NE C selectively receives the services from the active path. In the switching state, NE C selectively receives the services from the standby
path.
A
Active Standby
C
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 51
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SNCP (cont.)
SNCP has different relationships with different protection features.
The MSP line can work only as the service sink of an SNCP service pair and cannot work as the working source or protection source. The radio link with 1+1 protection configuration can work only as the service sink of an SNCP service pair, and cannot work as the working source or protection source. The radio link with N+1 protection configuration can work only as the service sink of an SNCP service pair, and cannot work as the working source or protection source. The radio link with XPIC configuration can work only as the service sink of an SNCP service pair, and cannot work as the working source or protection source.
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The OptiX IDU 610 supports a maximum of two linear MSP groups for the STM-1 optical/electrical line. The OptiX IDU 620 supports a maximum of five linear MSP groups, or a combination of three linear MSP groups for the optical/electrical line and one STM-4 linear MSP group.
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Linear MSP can be classified in terms of the protection mechanism, switching mode, and revertive mode.
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1+1 dual-ended revertive mode 1+1 dual-ended non-revertive mode 1+1 single-ended revertive mode 1+1 single-ended non-revertive mode
1:N dual-ended revertive mode 1:N dual-ended non-revertive mode 1:N single-ended revertive mode 1:N single-ended non-revertive mode
The OptiX RTN 600 supports the following five linear MSP modes:
1+1 dual-ended revertive mode 1+1 dual-ended non-revertive mode 1+1 single-ended revertive mode 1+1 single-ended non-revertive mode 1:N (N3) dual-ended revertive mode
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LMSPRealization Principle
The 1+1 linear MSP adopts the dual fed and selective receiving mechanism to realize the switching.
before the switching
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LMSPRealization Principle
The 1:N linear MSP adopts the automatic bridging mechanism to realize the switching.
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LMSPFeature Description
Linear MSP can be triggered by local SF conditions, local SD conditions, and local external switching requests. In the dual-ended mode, the local NE can perform switching according to byte K from the NE at the opposite end.
The SD is an optional switching condition. You can specify whether to use the SD as a switching condition on the NMS. By default, the SD switching condition is used. If two switching conditions exist on a channel at the same time, the switching of higher priority preempts the channel. External switching commands include the switching clear commands, which are the clear lockout command, clear forced switching command, clear manual switching command, clear exercise switching command, clear WTR state command, and clear all command. If an NE needs to perform switching according to byte K from the NE at the opposite end, the NE determines the switching priority according to the bridge request code contained in byte K.
Within the linear MSP switching time (shorter than 50 ms), services are interrupted. The line that is configured with linear MSP can work only as the sink of an SNCP service pair, and cannot work as the working source or protection source. The line that is configured with linear MSP cannot be configured to form an MSP ring.
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The two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP scheme is applicable to an SDH ring network of the STM-4 or higher level formed by fibers, and provides
The IDU 620 supports a maximum of one STM-4 two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring.
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RMSPProtection Type
The two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP has the following characteristics in terms of the protection type:
A ring network uses two fibers. One fiber is used to receive signals and the other fiber is used to transmit signals.
Services are received and transmitted on the same route. The normal services between different nodes share the protection channel. The protection channel can be used to transfer extra services. The two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP adopts the revertive mode. That is, an NE that is in the switching state releases the switching and enables the former working channel to return to the working state some time after the former working channel is restored to normal. The period from the time the former working channel is restored to normal until the time the NE releases the switching is called the wait-to-restore (WTR) time. To prevent frequent switching events due to an unstable working channel, it is recommended that you set the WTR time to five to twelve minutes.
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The two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP adopts the automatic bridging mechanism between working channels and protection channels to realize the switching.
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RMSPFeature Description
Two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP can be triggered by local SF conditions, local SD conditions, local external switching requests, and byte K sent from the node on another ring network. Within the MSP switching time (shorter than 50 ms), services are interrupted. Extra services are interrupted within the period from the time normal services are switched to the protection channel until the time the services are restored to the working channel. The line of a two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring cannot be configured with linear MSP. The line of a two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring can work only as the sink of an SNCP service pair, and cannot work as the working source or protection source.
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In the normal state, the active and standby PXC work in the hot standby mode. When the active unit is abnormal, the standby unit replace the original active one to providing the cross-connect and clock functions to the entire system.
The conditions triggering the PXC active/standby protection include the loss of the
38M system clock and the hardware failure.
The conditions triggering the situation that the service unit selects the PXC include loss of the system clock, loss of the service frame header, loss of the overhead clock, and loss of the overhead frame header.
The service interruption time in the PXC active/standby switching within 50 ms. Only the OptiX RTN 620 supports the PXC active/standby protection. When the
slots 1 and 3 are both configured with the cross-connect and clock board PXC, this
protection is automatically enabled.
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Service unit
Clock signal
Service unit
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IDU 620
support support support support support
IDU 610
support Not support Not support Not support Not support
Not support
support Not support Not support
support
support support support
Not support
Not support Not support support
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Summary
Service and Equipment Protection Schemes Supported by the OptiX RTN 600
1+1 HSB 1+1 SD 1+1 FD N+1 Protection SNCP LMSP RMSP PXC active/standby Protection
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Thank You
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