Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
""
,
!
" ^
4-
* - *
2003
32.973.26-018.2.75
41
681.3.07
""
. ..
5. .
..
"" :
info@dialektika.com, http://www.dialektika.com
, , .
41
"", 4- . : . . . :
"", 2003. 320 . : . . . .
ISBN 5-8459-0458-7 (.)
, 160 , , .
, , . , ,
. ,
.
, . ,
, .
.
32.973.26-018.2.75
.
, , ,
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Copyright 2003 by Dialektika Computer Publishing.
Original English language edition Copyright 2002 by Wiley Publishing, Inc.
All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. This translation published by arrangement with Wiley Publishing, Inc.
- "", 2003
Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2002
I.
1.
2.
3.
4.
II. , !
12
17
19
29
49
75
97
5.
6.
99
123
III.
141
7.
8. ?
9.
143
160
182
IV.
205
10.
11. , ,
12.
V.
13.
14.
15. Internet
.
207
235
258
287
289
294
299
303
308
" "?
I.
II. , !
111.
IV.
V.
,
I.
1.
? !
, ?
?
?
11
12
13
13
14
14
14
15
15
15
16
16
17
19
19
24
25
27
27
28
2.
:
,
?
,
...
?
, , !
ISO
RGB, CMYK
29
29
30
32
32
3.
Macintosh Windows ?
?
49
50
50
53
35
36
37
38
40
41
42
42
44
45
46
LCD
? ?
?
!
Action
,
!
54
57
58
60
61
61
63
63
64
65
65
67
68
69
69
69
71
71
74
74
4.
CompactFlash SmartMedia
75
75
76
78
79
84
88
88
91
93
95
II. , !
97
5.
!
ISO
, ?
99
99
103
104
105
106
106
108
109
110
113
115
117
118
119
119
119
120
121
6.
123
123
( )
""
III.
130
131
131
134
139
141
7.
TWAIN
JPEG
EXIF
TIFF
143
143
144
145
147
147
148
149
151
151
153
153
157
RAW
Photo CD
FlashPix
GIF
PNG
BMP
PICT
EPS
124
125
126
127
154
155
155
155
156
156
156
157
8. ?
?
?
!
160
160
161
162
162
163
164
165
166
173
173
175
176
178
180
9.
,
182
182
184
184
186
Internet
Web-
: JPEG GIF?
GIF: 256
JPEG:
IV.
187
188
188
190
192
199
201
205
10.
!
( )
?
- !
207
207
208
210
211
214
215
218
218
221
224
225
226
226
227
228
231
233
11. , ,
Elements
,
: , ,
235
235
236
237
243
244
245
248
248
249
251
252
252
254
256
12.
Fill
Elements
258
258
260
265
270
272
273
274
277
283
285
V.
10
287
13.
!
!
, !
289
14.
Web-
"-"
,
294
295
295
295
296
296
297
297
298
298
298
15. Internet
www.dpreview.com
www.imaging-resource.com
www.megapixel.net
www.pcphotomag.com
www.pcphotoreview.com
www.peimag.com
www.shutterbug.net
rec.photo.digital
comp.periphs.printers
Web- -
299
299
300
300
300
300
300
301
301
301
301
303
308
290
290
291
291
291
292
292
293
. , , ,
. , , , . .
, , .
.
Canon USA, Inc.
Casio, Inc.
Cloud Dome, Inc.
Eastman Kodak Company
Epson America, Inc.
Fujifilm U.S.A., Inc.
Hewlett-Packard
Kaidan Incorporated.
Lexar Media
Microtech International
Minolta Corporation
Nikon Inc.
Olympus America Inc.
Sony Electronics Inc.
Wacom Technology
, (Alfred DeBat), (Andrea
Boucher), (Laura Moss), (Megan Decraene)
Wiley Publishing. ,
(Steve Hayes) (Diane Steele) .
1840 , ,
, ,
.
, - , ,
. , , , . , , ,
.
, 160 , . ,
, . ,
, .
, . , . ,
, ,
, .
(,
),
.
, ,
. ,
, ,
. , ,
.
, .
, , ,
Web- Internet.
,
, . , .
?
12
. tcHUia
,
, .
, 100 ,
, , .
.
,
. - ,
, ,
CCD, , JPEG .. -
, . , , , : " CCD 60 CompactFlash
8 JPEG", ,
.
, . .
, , ,
. , . ,
.
Hauqetfie
,
Internet.
,
, .
, .
, , , , , .
Adobe Photoshop Elements. ,
- , ,
. ,
, , , , . , ,
, .
,
, .
13
, , , , Windows Macintosh,
, . , , ...
"" .
Macintosh , ,
, , ,
Windows, . ,
, Windows,
Macintosh.
, , ,
.
I.
I . ,
, , . 3 ,
, , 4 ,
.
II. , !
? ,
, ?
, .
5 , , . 6 , ""
, , ,
. ,
,
, , , .
III.
,
. ,
.
7 , . 8
,
. , , 9 , , ,
Web- .
14
IV.
IV .
10 .
, , 5 6, . , ,
10 , , .
11 , , ,
. , , . 12 ,
, .
, . , ... "".
V.
. 13 ,
. 14
. 15 Internet,
. , V ,
.
/, >31/,1
... "", .
, .
,
Adobe Photoshop
Elements. ,
. , , ,
.
, ,
Elements 1.0, (Elements 2.0),
.
, ,
' , .
15
,
, , .
, ,
.
, , .
.
jJ^tv
, .
, ,
.
, . , , ,
. , Cut Edit,
" EditoCut".
, . " <Ctrl+A>", , <Ctrl>,
<> . , , Windows, Macintosh ( - ).
n[iO4,uinatnb
. , , , . , .
,
, , - .
, - ,
, .
, , .
,
- .
, , - , . , ,
, . , . , ,
, .
, . ,
.
.
16
/3
, ,
, - , .
, ,
.
: ,
; . , , , - , , ,
.
.
, , . ! , 2
. 3 , ,
. 4
,
, i^: i
, , . , , , ? , ,
!
1& ...
>
>
>
>
>
A jf . ,
4^1(|/ ,
.
,
, .
, , , , .
, , ,
. , , ,
,
. ,
, " ". , -,
.
, , , , . , , - "", . ,
,
.
? /
. 1.1, .
( .) , , .
-
, , Adobe Photoshop Corel PHOTO-PAINT.
1.
19
-
.
, , , (.. ), , . ,
,
( , )
,
.
20
I.
2),
?
, .
,
.
'
.
, ,
. .
.
, ,
.
:.
. 12.
1.
21
. 1.3. ,
- , ,
,
, " ". ,
. , , ,
. ,
,
- , , ,
.
,
, . . , ,
.
.
, , , , . , , ,
Internet , . , , . .
, ,
. , ?
, , ,
,
. , , ,
22
I.
.
, , .
, ,
.
S , -
Web- . 9 .
S . , ,
, ,
. , . 1.4.
X Microsoft .
D ? a a ~:;
Ariai
Tods
.Prompt,
- 10
^
- -3
'"
1 Inventoryl Item
Description
Date Bought
Cost
Toucan pitcher,
made In Japan
7/1
$7.50
. Tielsch vase,
brown ground
w/pink roses
4/28/98
(40.00
Date Sold
10/48
Price
$25.00
3I
4
Jil
Ready
. 1.4. ,
it ^ . ,
, .
, , , . 12.3 .
, , , , .. . 1.5
1.
23
Adobe PhotoDeluxe, . .
Home Edition - lllnlitlc.l ;>|
3 0
Cards & *
My Photos
Open
Othr
SctriTHrf
lnt*rnt
| I }
Open Photos
OPEN HOUSE
123Anynarne Street
Anyplace
Sunday, May 21
2:00-6:00 cm
, 3ttio
. , .
24
I.
,
.
S ,
, , " "
" ".
, , ,
.
S
,
. , ,
. , .
S
, , ,
. , . , , , .
S ,
. , .
S . . ,
-,
.
*/ , , ,
.
,
. ,
, ,
. .
, ,
, .
ftacacajfcufne
,
, .
, .
1.
25
' , . , , ,
. ,
, , . ,
Web- . ( 2.)
' " ",
,
.
. ,
" "
, . .
' , ,
" " . .
' ,
"
". , , , . 6.
' ,
. ,
.
, , , , .
, Kodak Brownie.
, , ,
, .
, . ,
, ,
. -
"" - .
, , ,
, .
, , .
, .
,
26
I.
, . , ,
.
& CIHOUIH?
, ,
, . ,
. , , . ( ,
.)
. , . ,
, .
, . .
,
. , ,
, .
(
2000 ) ,
.
. ,
Web- .
,
.
, , , , ,
, . ,
, , ,
, . 3 , , .
, .
, -
, .
1.
27
.
, ,
. , , 64
.
64 ,
,
. 2-
(
8x10 ), 64 .
,
.
,
. , .
, , , .
, ,
, , . , 64 , .
.
. , ,
150 500 , .
,
, . , ,
, . , , , ,
.
,
, ,
, , . , , , .
, .
, , .
,
, .
- , 3, 4 8 , .
, .
28
I.
& ...
>
>
>
>
>
> ,
>
>
^ , f \* .
,
, , , . , ,
, .
,
, .
, . ,
.
fHOio ^ euqutfie tc
tca/tfne
,
, . , , ,
, .
,
.
, , , -
" ".
2.
29
CetcfietH
, , . , ? , , .
, ( ) ,
, : , .
(), . . "" , "" , "" . ,
, ,
.
,
,
, .
. , , , .
, .
, , .. . ,
, .
30
I.
RGB
2.
31
.
.
, , RGB red (), green () blue ().
, , .
( ),
Adobe Photoshop,
. . 2.1 . 2.1 ,
, . ,
,
, . ,
.
. , . 2.1
- , ,
, .
,
. , ,
.
, , . , , RGB ,
. , , CMYK, , cyan (),
magenta (), yellow () black (). ,
"RGB, CMYK ".
,
, , -
. , ,
RGB, , .
, ,
. , , ,
, .
, !
:
- ?
, . ,
32
I.
, .
, , . , , .
, , , .
, , .
(pixel) picture element .
, (. 2.2).
, "" , .
BABY
KODAK
. 2.2.
, ,
(image size). - ,
, .. ,
, , . , ,
,
, .
,
.
2.
33
, 640 480 .
,
, ,
. ( 6.)
, , (ppi). , ,
. ( , , 8.)
,
, . 2.3-2.5. 300 ppi,
150 ppi, 75 ppi. . 2.2 .
34
I.
. 2.5. 75 ppi
, . 2.3-2.5,
, . . . 2.5
, . 2.4, 75 ppi , 150 ppi. , . 2.4, 150 ppi, ,
300 ppi, . 2.5.
,
, , ,
. , ,
.
640x480, 800x600 1024x768 .
2.
35
, , . (
, )
, , .
.
(ppi),
. ,
640x480 , , 640x480 .
, ,
,
, . ( " ..." .
9 , .)
?
-, ,
.
/ Internet
, . ,
, ,
, . 640x480 .
/ , ,
200-300 ppi.
, . , , , 8 .
,
, ,
, . , , .
, , 1280 960 .
300 ppi, 1280 300, ,
(
4,25 ). , 960
36
I.
,
,
. , . 2.2 1110 725 ,
804 750 . 2,3 .
.
, , 790 .
75 ppi, 278 , 181 , 50318 . 153 , 55 .
, . , , ,
, .
Web- , , .
Web-, . ,
( ), . 8,
9.
2.
37
,
,
. ,
/, 72 ppi 300 ppi.
,
, .
.
()
(.. , ) . .
, , , .
, , : ,
, ? , ,
. (. 2.6).
, , . 2.5,
75 ppi, Adobe Photoshop,
38
I.
, 300 ppi.
, 300 ppi (. 2.3),
, .
10 \5 ,
. , , , , .
,
Web-, . ,
,
. 25 , .
9, .
, .
, ,
, .
, , .
, , 4x3
150 ppi. 8x6
75 ppi. , , ,
(. "
"). ,
2x1,5 , 300 ppi,
.
8, .
. ,
, ,
. , . , . - . , ,
- .
2.
39
...
, ,
. .
, , . , - , .
S
. (resolution) , . , , , 640x480 , ,
, 1,3 .
, , . .
, , , , ( , ,
, " ?").
VGA (VGA
resolution) 640x480 , XGA (XGA resolution)
1024x768 , (megapixel
resolution) ,
.
/ .
,
. ,
: 640x480 ( VGA), 800x600 1024x768 (XGA).
.
,
, 9.
^ . ,
. , ,
600 .
,
, "" . (interpolated enhanced resolution),
() .
,
" ()".
: .
40
I.
. ,
(dots per inch), dpi. :
, dpi , .
, dpi,
. , dpi (
8). , .
300 dpi
, 600 dpi.
( ) dpi ppi, , , .
.
.
,
.
8.
?
? , . , ,
.
S , ( )
(ppi). , 600 ,
, 300 ppi.
J 200 300 ppi. 8.
^ ,
, .
9.
S
.
. , ,
,
, . .
*/
, . -,
. ,
2.
41
, . , , 8.
, ,
,
. , . , , , ,
. , , ,
Web-, , .
6.
, . , . ,
, , . Web-, . , ,
, ,
, , , ..
. , , (
), 9, .
1, , /
, ,
. ,
. , ', .
, ,
" ",
.
, .
, , , , , , (ISO).
.
, , , .
, -
42
I.
, ,
.
. 2.7 . -, , . , , . . ( , ,
" ".)
. 2.7.
, , : , (
), . , (),
. , . , ,
, ( );
, ( ).
,
f- (f-stops). f/1.4, f/2, f/2.8,
f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16 f/22.
,
, .
, . , f/11 , f/16. . 2.8.
, ,
. , 1/8, ,
. ,
2.
43
"" .
. . , -, , 1/500.
(716
f/4
f/11
f/2.8
f/8
f/2
f/5.6
. 2.8. ,
, , , . ,
,
( ). , ( ) .
,
. -.
44
I.
, , . , ,
, .
, , , . ,
, , , . 2.8. , , ,
.
, .
, .
ISO
ISO. ,
,
.
, , ISO:
100, 200 400. , , , , . ,
. , ,
( ). , ,
, .. .
ISO. ,
. , ,
, .
, , ISO 100.
, ,
.
ISO 100, ,
- ( , " ").
.
ISO. , ISO
. , "",
, . ,
, ISO.
ISO
, .
, , 5.
2.
45
RGB, CMYK
, " ", , , RGB,
, , . , , , .
RGB , , , .
, , ,
.
RGB. , RGB , (red, green, blue). RGB (.. ) , ,
.
sRGB. RGB, sRGB
, , , . , , , . RGB
, , RGB , , , . sRGB
, Web- . sRGB
- . , , ;
,
. , ,
RGB sRGB. , Photoshop , , RGB sRGB
, , , , .
CMVK. ,
,
.
, ,
, , (cyan, magenta,
yellow, black). CMYK ( ,
black blue ).
, ,
CMYK. ( 8.)
46
I.
(Bit depth). ,
, , 24 .
,
. ,
.
(bit) binary digit
, .. , , .
,
. ,
.
8- 256 (28=256);
16- 32 000 ;
24- 16 .
""
, .
, , ,
.
(Indexed color). ,
, , , (. ). , Web, 8 (256 ). Internet , GIF, 256 .
!
, , (index), , . 9; . 9.1 , 24-
8- .
(Grayscale). - . , . (
) -,
, .
- (line art).
, (Ansel Adams),
,
, .
. 12 ,
,
2.
47
(-), ,
. 12.4 .
, .
,
,
.
CIE Lab, HSB HSL.
.
,
. CIE Lab
. , .
HSB HSL ,
(hue), (saturation) (brightness
HSB) (lightness HSL).
, ,
,
.
. - , CIE Lab. .
48
I.
> Macintosh Windows
>
> ""
>
>
>
>
> ,
3.
49
Macintosh Windows
[?
. ( , ) Macintosh, Windows. ,
, , . ,
,
, . ,
,
. ( ,
" ".)
, , Macintosh,
, Intel , .
, , , (
Macintosh , Windows).
7,
4.
, Intel- ,
Pentium II . Windows 95
, USB (Universal
Serial Bus), Windows 95, USB. ,
.
USB 7.
fiasfieutefiue
2, , ,
, . .
, , .
VGA (640x480 ),
.
. 2-
, , 3-
..
? 2, ,
. , .
50
I.
*/
S . ,
, ,
. 100
. , .
S . ,
. 2
5x7 (13x18 )
8x10 (18x24 ).
, , 200 .
^^
(^ )
S . ,
8x10 , 3- , 400 .
, ,
,
,
, . , , .
' .
,
4 .
500 , . ,
, .
,
, , . ( 4.) , ,
1 3 ,
.
-1
, ,
,
. ,
,
.
3.
51
, :
640x480 1024x768 .
, . , (.. )
.
. ,
( ,
, ),
, , . , ""
, , , .
.
. ,
(compress)
,
. ,
. , , . , ,
, ,
.
. ,
, ( )
. , , ,
. . ,
,
, .
CCD CMOS
, ,
: CCD (charge-coupled device ) CMOS
( "").
CCD , ,
CMOS, .
; CMOS, .
, CMOS ,
. CMOS , CCD, j
.
. <
CMOS , , , - I
, . j
, CCD, - ]
, CMOS .
CCD.
CMOS, ,
.
52
I.
,
, .
.
, ,
JPEG.
JPEG ,
. Joint Photographic Experts Group , .
JPEG, ,
.
, . , JPEG , . JPEG
. ,
.
, JPEG , ( ) ,
. 2.2 , , . 3.1 .
. 3.1 300 ppi, JPEG. -
. 3.1.
!'
. 3.1. JPEG 1,
. 3.1
, .
2,4 900 , .
3.
53
, . , - .
.
47 , . , ,
.
, . . - , .
, , ? . -,
(. . 3.1 ). -, ,
. , Web-.
, , ,
, ,
. ,
. , .
, ,
, ,
, . ( , ). , ,
.
. . ,
,
. . 3.2 , .
, , . 3.3. -- Sony, Memory Stick, . SmartMedia,
CompactFlash, . ,
, , Secure
Digital (SD).
54
I.
. 3.2.
, , ,
CompactFlash
Mini CD
1156MB 1
*-,'
-jv
I"
ffi
^ m Mavica IP
../
Secure Digital
Stnartmedia
Memory Stick
Compactflash
. 3.3.
3.
55
, , . ,
,
, .
' ,
. , .
'
, .
, , ,
. , ,
.
'
. , .
, .
, , ""
. , .
,
.
S . , ,
1,5 . , , , . ,
, 100. 4
, .
S , ,
, . ,
, , , .
, .
, , 4,
,
. ,
- ,
(, , -), , .
.
, " " (maximum storage capacity), ,
56
I.
.
,
, . ,
, , ,
, ,
.
(LCD liquid-crystal
display). , .
, , . . 3.4 , -
Minolta.
. 3.4. , -
,
. - ,
. , , .
.
- ,
. , -,
, , . -
3.
57
, , "" , 5.
, -,
( ),
-. ,
) 1 , ,
- , , ,
, , . , , -
, .
, ,
. , -, .
,
, .
. ,
,
,
, -, . , ""
, "",
.
/ &
.
"", .
, ,
.
.
S Webcams. "Webcams",
30 ,
Internet. , , .
,
, Internet.
, ,
, , .
Webcams (, Kodak EZ200 . 3.5)
. , ,
58
I.
, . , ,
, -
. , Webcams, , 120 .
3.
59
,
, .
, ,
.
. , ,
, ,
. ,
, 5. , , , .
60
I.
.
, ,
. ,
, , : automatic ( , ), fill flash ( ) flash
( ). ,
,
.
S red-eye reduction mode (
" "). ,
,
, .
11.
: slow sync mode external flash mode , , . ,
.
/
, , . , .
5.
OntHUica
,
, , . ,
.
, , , , CCD CMOS
. ,
.
.
. ( CCD CMOS). , .
3.
61
.
, .
' ,
.
' . "" , . ,
.
' . , , , , .
' " " 35 .
""
. , .
' , , . , .
' ,
, . , , .. .
(), . , 38110 , : 38, 50, 70
.. (38 /70 )
.
^ ,
. 3.2 .
, .
Nikon 38115 ; - - 38 .
Olympus 36-100 ;
.
Casio 35 . , ,
Nikon, 1
24- .
_j|j\
J
62
1 */ ,
j
(.. ). 1
, 35-
. , ,
,
- . . ,
!
I.
, , "5 , 35-
35- ".
| / . ,
,
.
, , ,
, ,
. , 35- ( ) .
, , . 35 ,
, .
, ,
().
,
, . , , , .
,
"" .
, ,
. ( 6.)
, , ,
, .
.
, , . ,
, . ,
, , .
"" .
2, 6.
,
. ,
,
.
3.
63
,
. . Nikon
, . 3.7.
. , , . , ,
,
, .
64
I.
. 3.7.
Coolpix Nikon ,
, , () . , , " " .
, , . ,
, . ,
, 6,
,
(. 6.1 ). , ,
, .
, - 35-
, - , ,
. ,
,
.
2,
. " ",
(programmed autoexposure),
.
, , , .
>^ (aperture-priority autoexposure)
, ,
, .
: ,
3.
65
.
.
S ,
, , , .
, , ,
, , . 5.
/ (shutter-priority autoexposure)
. , .
, ,
. , ,
. 6.
S (manual exposure), , , . , .
*/ EV- (EV compensation) , .
,
, . ,
, ,
, ""
.
5; . 5.3
, , EV- .
*/ (automatic bracketing)
" " ,
. , , , , . - ,
, -
, .
, ,
-
.
, . ,
, , ,
66
I.
. , , .
f
(metering modes) ,
. .
(spot metering) , .
- (center-weighted metering) ,
, .
(matrix metering multizone metering) , .
' , ,
, . . -
.
, , 5.
ISO
(). , ,
. ISO, ""
. ,
ISO
"" , . 5.2 .
ISO.
1 ufietfi
, -, - . , , , .
. 3.2 , .
, ,
,
, ,
, . , , , , , , .
3.
67
, , , , . ,
2 8, , . , ,
, -.
- ,
- ,
"" . , -.
, ,
. , .
, , , , ,
, . , , ,
. ,
, .
- ?
, . , . , , ... . ! ?! ? {
, , ... , .
, -
, . , , , . ;
,
, .
,
, . , .
, , .
2)<
, . ,
, .
68
I.
(video-out).
, .
? ,
,
. , 15- .
, , .
.
NTSC. NTSC National
Television Standards Committee . PAL.
NTSC PAL.
,
. , "Cheese!", .
. , , ,
, ,
. " ", ,
.
, " ", . . 3.8 Olympus E-20 , .
, ,
" ".
, .
!
,
, , , .
,
, .
.
S
3.
69
. 3.8. Olympus ,
" "
S
. , , , . ,
, ,
.
. ,
. , ,
. , , ,
, .
,
.
, ,
70
I.
.
. . , . ,
.
, , . , ,
, , . 8.
Action
,
. , . ,
Web- -, , .
(continuouscapture mode),
" ". , ,
, , .
, , .
- . , . 6 ( . 6.4),
.
, , ,
, 640x480.
, .
, "-"
, , , MPEG. - , , , .
,
, , ,
( ""), .
" ",
, .
3.
71
S . , , ,
, .
, -.
, ( ,
). NiCad, NiMH 3- ,
.
9- .
,
.
,
. , .
S
. , .
,
.
. , , , . ,
, .
?
, , ? , .
S . ,
, . ,
, , ( , , ).
.
, , (
).
S
72
. . ? " "? ?
-,
I.
? , , ?
,
, , .
. ? , ,
, ,
?
.
? ,
USB, ,
( IrDA).
" ".
,
,
.
, .
, ,
, .
,
" ",
, .
,
, , .
, , "" .
, USB
Windows 95. ,
IrDA .
IrDA IrDA, ,
. ,
,
.
,
, ,
Hewlett-Packard Hewlett-Packard.
. .
.
3.
73
50 ,
. , , 50
50 , , ,
.
. , , ,
.
nautHU
cfonoAHUtH&ibMfto
, , , . ""
.
, , . , , ,
, 2, ,
, .
Internet,
Web-, . 15 ,
Web- .
Web-, , , , , , . , , .
,
"". ( ), , , .
fHOMftco ,
.
, ,
, .
30 ,
. , , 30 ,
, , ,
, .
, , , . , ,
.
74
/.
& ...
>
>
> ( )
>*
>
>
>
"" ? ,
, , ,
, . ,
"" .
, ,
, .
, ,
. , , , ,
, .
, ,
, .
, , .
qfitfiue
, . , 8 .
, , 8 . ,
4.
75
, 8
.
? ,
. ( 3.) ,
.
, , .
, , . , . ,
, , . ,
, .
, ,
. , , , ,
.
, , ,
, .
.
- , , , . ( ,
, . 3.3, 3.)
, , "" , .. " ". , , . ,
, , .
S
. Digital Mavica
Sony .
,
. ,
1,5 .
/ PC-. , , PC-,
PCMCIA.
, . ,
, , I, II
76
I.
III . PC- 2 4 ,
.
CompactFlash.
PC-,
CompactFlash . : I II ( ). , II,
I, , .
8 1 .
50 1 .
, .
SmartMedia. , ,
CompactFlash. - 5,25- ,
.
SmartMedia SSFDC.
Solid State Floppy Disk Card ,
. ,
SSFDC, , , ,
SmartMedia.
CompactFlash, SmartMedia , 128 .
0,50 1 , , , .
SmartMedia 3,3
, 5 , , . , ,
. ,
.
Sony Memory Stick. Sony . Memory Stick 128 .
, CompactFlash
SmartMedia.
. , .
Secure Digital (SD). SD-
,
.
128 , 1 2 .
IBM Microdrive. IBM Microdrive, CompactFlash .
, CompactFlash, 340
1 . 200, 400 .
4.
77
Mini CD-R.
Mavica Sony
-. 3 ,
156 .
CD-R, CD-R, CD-RW. ( CD-R , - -, . ,
"CD-R CD-RW?") CD-R
2 5 . CD-RW .
, ,
. , , , , . ,
,
,
.
CompactFlash SmartMedia
CompactFlash SmartMedia
. ( , ),
, . , , .
S , , , . , , , ,
.
S ,
- . (
,
.)
/ .
S .
SmartMedia
.
CompactFlash .
S SmartMedia. , , -
, .
, .
, .
, , .
, , , .
78
I.
,
, , ,
. ,
. , ,
. ,
, , .
,!,&
.
,
,
.
20 .
,
USB (Universal Serial Bus), . USB,
Intel- , Macintosh, USB.
USB , . , 3,
USB . ,
USB, USB.
Windows 95,
USB- , Windows 95
USB.
, , Digital
Mavica Sony . . .
, CD Mavica - CD-R CD-RW, - . - , . . 4.1 CD Mavica.
, , , . , , ,
. , , , - .
4.
79
80
I.
FLOPPY DISK
ADAPTER
FD-A1
. 4.2, SmartMedia
PC Card. CompactFlash,
SmartMedia, Secure Digital Memory Stick
PC. IBM Microdrive.
. 4.3 PC Card CompactFlash.
,
PC Card PC ( ). ,
,
.
4.
81
CompactFlash
PC Card,
10 . ( CompactFlash
IBM Microdrive.) PC
Card SmartMedia, Memory Stick Secure Digital
40 .
.
.
,
, , , USB.
, "" ( ).
.
82
I.
Memory Stick.) -
, ,
, . ,
, ,
.
, , , . ,
, . ,
, ,
. , .
( ) , Web- , .
USB Lexar Media JumpShot cable ( . 4.4)
USB- CompactFlash, Lexar Media. , , 20 , , , , ""
.
,
. USB-
, , , CompactFlash.
Lexar Media JumpShot cable
CompactFlash.
(Docking stations).
-, , , . , ,
USB. , , , .
. 4.5 Kodak , EasyShare. , Kodak . , ,
. , 80 .
4.
83
. 4.5. Kodak, ,
/ . ,
,
,
,
.
,
, ,
. , ,
, ,
,
. , , ( )
. , , ,
.
, , ,
, . ,
, , , .
84
I.
, ,
,
"" "", .
. , Maxtor, , , . Maxtor
40 200 .
, , .
, ,
. , ( ),
, . , .
,
. 7 ,
.
/ ( ). , iMac iBook Apple, . ,
. , 1,5
, .
,
.
/ , (super floppies). ,
, . Iomega Zip, 100
250 . Zip .
Zip ,
80 , , 150 , 250 . 100
10 ; 250
15 .
/ ,
. . 4.6 -
Hewlett-Packard. -
4.
85
100 , - 50
3 , . ( - "CD-R CD-RW?")
. 4.6. -
, ,
. , , -, , - . ,
, ,
.
, -.
, -
,
Zip. -, , - ,
, - . -, ( , ) ,
.
-, ,
. (
" ".)
- DVD-R DVD-RW, DVD
(digital video disc). -
86
I.
DVD? , . DVD
4,7 , - 650 .
DVD
-
, ,
, . DVD 500-600 ,
. , -
DVD, DVD,
, DVD,
. , , DVD
,
-.
.
, . , , , Zip , . , .
, -, . "" -.
- , ,
. , - CD-R,
CD-RW. CD-RW 30 .
( "CD-R CD-RW?")
, ,
. , ,
Zip. , ,
.
-, Zip
.
I CD-R CD-RW?
1 - -
! .
I -: CD-R CD-RW. R recordable, .. , a RW rewritable, .. , .
i CD-R, , .
j , , . , |: , . , CD-R ,
! . CD-R
| 50 . (, -
4.
87
, ,
CD- R .)
CD-RW - .
, , .
CD-RW , CD-R ( 2 ),
, , -;
Zip. CD-RW , , -, - , -, 30 .
CD-R CD-RW " CD-ROM. , -, , , CD-RW, | pax -.
,
I: . , CD-R
I - . ( , 1 , CD-RW ,
I .)
: , CD-RW
1 , \ CD-RW. , -,
| , CD-R, CD-R,
I CD-RW. , . !
CD-R
, CD-RW
; .
. ,
,
. , " " .
, , .
, , ..
, ,
. IV ,
.
, .
: . ,
.
88
/.
,
. Adobe PhotoDeluxe,
Ulead PhotoExpress, Microsoft Picture It! Jasc AfterShot. 50 .
.
,
, , . . 4.7
PhotoDeluxe .
"JArlnhe HhnloDeluxe Home Edition |llnWled-l|
JSlk Edit Setect loote Qwntetbn SfiB fiurftj. Effects View &indow
-.. .. . . = . ..,.,
*3!'d$ ^. ?
; ; ; : " - , :
4Artd
-ifllx;
5Ed
fiDone^,/
'\
styit
|.*
Open Photos \
[T>
".:. ' ' '
; ' '
- - ' '
[7"= 1 /';
!Lj
^'
Id
i
. IS
' '-'-
fr*
'
.''''" i
fl
Back
ID
!
, Inside
')*^''_
:;
(123) ^6-7890
" '
- - . . . . - . .
. 4.7. ,
Adobe PhotoDeluxe, ,
, , -
, ,
. 15 Web-,
.
, , ,
, ,
,
.
4.
89
100 700 ,
, .
, ?
,
. , , . ,
,
.
, , , ,
.
,
dodge burn, "" , . ,
. , .
90
I.
, , ,
. , , .
, Adobe Photoshop (
600 ) Corel PHOTO-PAINT (480 ). ,
, ,
.
, Jasc Paint Shop Pro (109 ) Ulead
PhotoImpact (100 ). Adobe Photoshop Elements ( IV ), Photoshop, , .
Photoshop Elements . 4.8.
, , - .
.
& PrintStation Layout
Layout OpHon,
jDonntwn
Columns;
'
Rows
~ Diawgordets
Cdl Dimension
pnchl 3.84*3.28
(mm| 87.5x812
Dimension WKd..
Rotate fa bet
Growtoflcel
HP DeskJet 8 Series
(3)onLPT1:
Printer Setup...
ErinL.
7 pictures an 2 pages
4.
91
. 4.10. BrainsBreaker
, , , , . I , . , , ..
92
I.
; ,
[JPEG, EXIF (exchangeable image format ). | JPEG (EXIF).
:
: , EX1F,
-, PicMeta
Picture Information Extractor.
,
, .
,
, .
[ .
Picture Inloriiialmn Extractor 3.2 - Dniital Photofiratiliy for Durn
File
Edit
yiew
Extract
Transform
_j Flowers
_| DeptholField
_J ChristmasCactus
_J Sutmnet 2002
Jj Friends
_l Habitat
_J Hollidar Park
_lj HP Projects
_lj mages
_J Indianapolrs
_| Kodak Pictmet
' 1 Loursiana
_| MiniMoviet
1J
Help
U204261 054-00
020426-1055-44 jpa
020426-1054-13 jpg
020426-1054-36.jpg
020426110342 jpg
020426-1104-51 |pg
1)20426-1101 3-J|pg
Date: Fdaji.1(1pd26.2002
line: 11:01:33AM
Shutter 1/320sec.
1 8.0
Flash: No
. SHQ
Dmensbn. 25SO1320(24BJ!
Image Tjpe: JPES He I'JPB; 'JPEG; -JFrf)
Brightness: n/a
ISO Speed: BO
Exposure Bas: 0.0
Exposure Pirjgiant Apeitue Piicrity
Metering Mode Matrix
Subject Distance: n/a
,
, . , , , , .
. , , , (
, ).
, .
4.
93
, , , .
/ . -
, ,
.
. , 20 .
20 . , , , . , , , . , ,
.
(Alfred DeBat), , .
, . , .
,
, , ,
.
6.
S -.
- ,
.
, .
, Hoodman (www.hoodmanusa.com),
.
S . , ,
,
, .
, . 5 ,
.
S .
,
. , ,
. , , .
10 . ,
,
94
I.
. ,
,
. ,
.
,
.
,
. ,
, , ,
, ,
.
, , , , ,
. , Wacom (. 4.11),
. PS/2,
. , ,
. , ( IV).
. 4.11. , , Intuos Wacom
4.
95
700 ,
. 4x5 ( ,
. 4.11) 200 . , , ,
, .
,
, , . ,
" ", Wacom (www.wacom.com)
, 80 .
, ,
USB.
96
I.
RGB
Red ()
Green ()
Blue (]
2.1. RGB ,
.
.
, .
RGB
2.2.
. 300 ppi (
), - 150 ppi,
75 ppi.
,
, ,
.
2 ,
( 75 ppi)
,
(
150 ppi), , ,
,
300 ppi
75 ppi, 153
3.1.
JPEG
. JPEG
,
. 2.2,
. Maximum Quality ( )
( ). Medium Quality ( ) Low Qualify ( ), ,
.
Low Quality, 47
Nikon, 38 mm
Olympus, 36 mm
Casio, 35 mm
Nikon, , 24 mm
ifes
; ; * i
.2. ,
-. ,
, . Olympus Nikon
;
. ,
Nikon
5.1.
" "
,
.
,
" ",
. ,
,
.
,
180200, , 1/160
5.2. ISO
, .
ISO ,
EV 0.0
5.3.
, . 0.0,
,
( ).
(EV)
( ),
( )
/-.
/-0.7
EV-1.0
EV +0.3
/+0.7
EV+1.0
Auto
Sunny
Incandescent
Fluorescent
Flash
Cloudy
6.1.
, ,
,
. ,
Nikon,
,
(
), (
),
.
Auto Flash
,
,
,
Auto Hash,
,
Fluorescent
Sunny
9.1. ,
, -
, 24-
()
8- (256 ) GIF (). -
10.1. () ;
(saturation) ,
,
10.2. ,
,
, .
( )
, .
_ , Photoshop
Elements Variations.
10.3. ()
, ( ).
,
Maximum, 4,08
Maximum, 4,08
Maximum, 4,08
Maximum, 4,08
Tolerance, 10
Tolerance, 32
11.1. ,
Magic Wand Photoshop Elements,
. Tolerance
Magic Wand ,
. ,
. ( . 11.2 .) ,
Tolerance ,
,
11.2. , ,
, .
50% ,
Clone
11.3,
Ctone, , - ,
( ).
, ,
, . ,
,
. ,
""
,
Fill, Normal
Fill, Color
Hue, -83
12.1, , .
Fill Photoshop Elements, Normal,
, ( ). Color , ,
( ). , Fill Hue/Saturation. Hue 83
,
12.2. ,
. 12.3. ,
12.3. ,
, ,
. 12.2
12.4. ,
, . 12.3, . ,
- , Color
50%
Watercolor
Find Edges
Crystallize
Colored Pencil
Glowing Edges
12.5. , , .
, Photoshop Elements, ,
II
, !
" "
Web-
&!
HAWMO&e.
HI
,
...
tkvilMM...
! ,
& MOM .
... . ..
J31 &,...
, , . ,
" "
.
,
-. '
" ", , ,
.
5 ,
,
.
6 ,
,
,
.
" ,
", , , , .
, ,
, ,
.
& ...
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
1^ , , *^
- ., .
" ". . ,
. , , - .
, : , . , , . 6
, ,
.
, . 5.1. , .
, ,
. , , , .
. 5.2, . ? , .
, ,
.
, ""
"" .
,
" ". , .
5.
99
. 5.1.
-
. 5.2. ,
/ . ,
(
. 5.1).
(. 5.3) .
^ , ,
(. 5.4).
, , , .
100
II. , !
. 5.3. -
. 5.4. , ,
5.
101
" ". ,
, . 5.5.
. 5.5.
,
S . . 5.1.
.
, ,
. 5.2, .
S : ,
(. 5.6). , ,
, ,
,
. , "" ,
.
, .
^ , (. 5.7). , -
, ( ,
- ), , .
/ ( ). ,
, . . " ",
, ,
.
102
II. , !
I/
. 5.6. ,
. 5.7.
S .
"Cheese", . ,
,
, - -
. ,
.
, -
.
tcatc
. , ,
. , , , ,
, .
-
, .
,
, ,
. -
5.
103
, , ,
. , , , , .
, ,
. ,
. ,
(. 5.8).
. 5.8. -
,
, ,
.
,
, . , , . ( , .)
-, . , ,
, .
, ""
.
2) a
.
ISO 100. ( ISO
2.) , .
. ,
104
II. , !
, ,
- .
. 5.1 ,
. ,
, .
,
. ( ,
, .) ,
, , .
,
. , ,
.
,
. ,
,
() . ,
,
(), .
, . ( ,
2.)
(autoexposure),
(programmed autoexposure). ,
.
,
.
1. .
2. " " .
. (
.) ,
, , , .
, , , .
" " , , . ,
, .
3. " " , .
,
5.
105
.
,
.
,
.
(metering mode). , ,
. ,
, . .
*/
(Matrix metering).
( ) , .
, , .
.
- . ,
.
,
, , .
. , .
, , , ( ). -
(), ,
. ,
. 5.9
, -.
, , , , "".
,
. 5.9,
. , " ",
.
ISO
2,
ISO. , "" ,
, ,
.
106
II. , !
. 5.9. ( ) ( ) ,
.
( )
ISO, , , . "", ISO , .
, ISO, ,
. ( ISO) , ,
, . , , , , .
. 5.2 , .
, ISO .
, ISO:
200, 400, 800 1600. , , ISO ( , ),
5.
107
, ISO. , ,
ISO .
ISO . , . 5.2 ,
, ISO .
, ,
ISO, , , .
, . ISO, . , , ISO,
.
ISO . ( , ,
.)
, EV (exposure
value ),
, .
.
: +0.7; +0.3; 0.0; -0.3; -0.7 ., 0.0 .
EV , . , EV.
EV, . . 5.3 ,
EV Nikon ,
.
( EV 0.0).
EV, EV, . . 5.10
, - .
, . ,
, .
( 0.0) , ,
EV, .
-, , EV,
-0.3.
108
II. , !
EV-1.0
EVO.O
EV+1.0
. 5.70. EV,
, , , . , ,
. .
, , , , , (aperturepriority autoexposure) (shutter-priority autoexposure).
.
/ .
. ,
" ", ,
.
, .
(.. ,
). .
/
. , . (
, 2.)
5.
109
, , ,
, ,
, ? - ,
,
(
). , , .
, .
f/11 .
f/4 . ,
, ,
,
().
. ,
, .
, 1/300 .
,
, ,
. , .
, , ,
. .
I S
, EV (. ) .
S , , , .
S , , , .
S . , ,
.
, , , , ,
. , .
, ,
, . .
S (Auto flash). , ,
,
.
110
II. , !
(Fill flash). , , .
, , . 5.11.
. , ,
, .
, . ,
.
. 5.11. (), -
()
(No flash). , . ,
,
, . (, ), . , ,
(
) , , , .
, " ".
, ,
, .
. 5.12.
. , . .
,
, . , , -
5.
111
, . .
. 5.12. ,
/ ( Red-eye reduction).
, - ""
.
, . Red-eye
reduction
"",
. ,
, , -
"" .
, Red-eye reduction
, .
, , ? ,
, ,
"" , . Red-eye
reduction , .
, , , . , 11 12, ( , , , ).
112
II. , !
Slow-sync.
.
, ,
. , ,
, ,
, .
Slow-sync .
. .
, , .
,
.
, ,
, , .
,
,
"" .
,
, .
,
. , .
- !
| -,
i , . I , j
i . , - i
I -.
, - '
> , , . \
I ! . ,
i .
,
. - ,
, . , , .
5.
113
,
,
. , ,
, .
, , .
.
- . ,
, .
,
. .
, , . 5.13. , , .
.
. 5.13. , ,
, , . , .
, , .
,
. ,
, , .
,
, ?
114
II. , !
.
, .
( , ),
, , . 5.13, .
,
.
,
,
. 6.
, , ,
, ., . , , , ,
. 5.14. ,
.
, , , . 5.14.
. 5.14. ( ); , ( )
5.
115
, , .
-, . , . ,
.
116
II. , !
, . , ,
,
.
, Cloud Dome,
. 5.15. , . . ,
. , , ,
, , .
Cloud Dome 275
(www.clouddome.com); , ,
. , , .
,
(, ). ,
, . . 5.16 .
. 5.16. , ( ). , ( )
5.
117
.
| ^ , , .
' . ,
. ,
, .
i
I S ,
EV. , ,
.
| */ , , , , .
I S , - . , .
' , , .
"" . ,
, " ",
, ,
" " , .
'
" " , ,
, . .
, . 5.16 ,
. , - ,
.
, . ,
.
10 11.
, ?
, , .
.
, .
( ) ,
, , EV.
118
II. , !
, , . ,
. , .
HactHfioufca
, , , .
.
, . ,
, . , , .
focus-free
( ). , , . , ,
, ,
,
.
, , .
, ,
. ( , .)
, , . . , "" , . .
1. .
2. " " .
.
, .
, ,
. ( ).
3. " " , .
5.
119
,
, , . .
.
. , ,
.
.
.
,
, ,
. ,
, .
,
(
).
, ,
. . ,
. ( "
"" " .)
, . , " ".
, , ,
.
.
(macro mode),
, (landscape mode),
.
, , .
.
, . , ,
.
.
120
II. , !
(
), ,
.
, .
, . .
,
. - ,
,
.
!
. .
,
,
. ,
, .
, .
s , ,
.
/ " ". ,
.
/>. , . , . 20 .
S , ,
- . (
), " " ( , ).
. .
, , .
/ tcaqfie
, , , . , . ,
, .
5.
121
. 5.17 , .
.
f3.4, f 11.
f/3.4
. 5.17. f3.4 ( ) ,
f11 ( )
, ,
, , . , . (, .)
, ,
, ,
, .
, . 5.17, - . , ,
6.
, ,
( , , 10).
122
II. , !
. . .
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
" "
, ,
.
,
. ,
.
, . , , (ppi).
. ( 2.)
640x480, ,
.
, : Basic, Fine,
Superfine ..
,
. , ,
.
, .
Internet
, 640x480 320x240 . , , ,
(
), .
6.
123
, , , . 3, , ,
, .
, . ,
, , . , . , .
,
. 3.1 .
, : , Good/Better/Best (//) High/Normal/
Basic (//). , , ,
, . Best (), , ,
Good (). , ,
.
124
. , !
, , ,
. , , ,
. , ,
.
,
. , .
, ,
, . .
, .
, JPEG, TIFF - . ( 7.) , ,
, .
.
1 ^ ,
, .
' , .
, .
. , , .
' .
.
? , , ? ,
, .
' , , , . , , TIFF JPEG, . ,
TIFF, ,
, JPEG.
f
,
( JPEG TIFF), .
? ,
. , ,
6.
125
, ,
.
, , ( ). , -
,
,
.
FlashPix. , . , FlashPix, ,
. , ,
, .
, , ,
, .
, , .
5500 , 5500 ( 5500 ,
5500).
, , ,
. , , .
,
.
, ,
, . ,
, ,
. , .
.
. ? ,
.
,
126
II. , !
, ,
.
, :
Daylight ( ) Sunny ()
;
Cloudy () ;
Fluorescent ( ) ;
Tungsten () , , ;
Flash () .
. 6.1 ,
.
Nikon. , ,
, . "
", .
, ,
. ( ) ,
. ,
.
.
,
Flash ( , Auto Flash,
). Flash ,
. ,
Fluorescent. Sunny.
, ,
. . 6.1
, ,
.
,
, .
,
, , .
10.
, , ,
.
, ,
6,
127
.
, , .
, .
, , . , . , .
11,
, . , , ,
.
?
, . , , , .
, .
(. 6.1),
. ,
. , .
. 6.1. ,
,
11,
, , ,
128
II. , !
(. 6.2). ,
, . 6.2. , .
. 6.2. ,
, ,
. 12.2 . ,
,
.
, , , (. . 6.2). , , .
( 2.)
, , , , . ,
( . 11 .2 ).
<$ notnefiu
,
,
.
6.
129
, ..
,
. , ,
. .
( )
,
.
| S ,
"". 5, , , , , ,
.
, , , -. , ( , ).
. 6.3. ( )
, ,
( )
130
II. , !
S
,
; . 6.3.
.
*/
, ,
. , - , . , ,
, , , .
,
, , . ,
, , , .
, .
*/ ,
, 5.
, . , , .
, , .
, .
,
, .
, , . ,
,
( ).
,
, ? , , , , .
, . , ,
.
.
. 2, .
6.
131
fer**
. 6.4.
.
,
,
, "" , .. .
, , ( ), .
, , .
132
II. , !
,
" " . , " " .
,
" " , . , . 6.4, Kodak.
, , , , .
, . 6.4, ,
.
,
( ).
.
, ,
. , ,
. 6.4,
, !
- ,
, ,
.
" ", .. ,
.
S . " "
,
( ). , ,
,
. ,
, .
- , 5.
/ .
" " . , "" ,
" " ,
. , ,
.
S . ,
, .
, ,
(. 5). , , ,
6.
133
- . , , - .
(
). . , . , ,
. , , , , , "" . 5.
S . ,
. ,
.
" ", -, . ,
, .
, . , .
.
,
,
.
, "" ,
, , . , -.
,
, . , , , .
. ,
. , , . . 6.5
, , . 6.6.
134
II. , !
. 6.5. , . 6.6
. 6.6.
,
, . ,
, "".
, . ,
,
, , Photoshop Elements (. 6.7). , ArcSoft Panorama Maker ( 30 ,
w w w . a r c s o f t . c o m ) Photovista Panorama MGI Software ( 50 ,
www.mgisof t. com).
, . , , .
.
S ,
. ,
, , , , , , .
S
30 . ,
. ,
,
6.
135
. ,
- ,
.
, , ,
.
136
II. , !
, ,
. ,
.
6.
137
, , . , ,
,
. ,
. , ,
.
/ ,
.
, ,
!
,
, , KiWi+ Panoramic Tripod Head
Kaidan, . 6.8.
,
. 300 (www.
kaidan. com).
,
, " "
. , Kaidan , 1 000 .
,
, ,
, .
. . ,
,
.
. ,
. ,
. ( 2 ,
.)
. , , (. 6.9).
" ISO ( ). ,
ISO, .
5.
138
II. , !
. 6.9.
""
,1 qetcunb
: ", , "? -
, .
, , ,
, .
.
, , (
).
, ,
,
. ,
. ,
,
.
.
, , , .
, -
, , .
6.
139
, , . , ,
( ), ,
, .
/ ( ).
, ,
. , 30 - .
, . ,
, . , ! !
, ,
. , - , , . ,
.
, .
S
-.
-
, , - . , -, , - ,
.
, -
( ). , , ,
.
.
, . , , , . 5.
140
II. , !
III
! ! Wi-b
HAiuiCi KAUHMKU.
V\pOMHM HiMHOW bWU*t...
ilM,i
/3 & .....
' ; 1
, ,
^ ; ,
, ,
, .
1 ,
, , - . ?
/ ^ ; .
| ^15;
{; , . 9
( Internet,
..), .
, ,
.
'
'"
,::' 1
& . . .
>
>
>
>
>
, . ,
, , , , .
, ,
,
. , , , , - .
, ,
.
, , , : , . , .
. -
,
, .
, , , . , , , . , ,
.
. ? .
.
7.
143
, , , (downloading).
,
. , .
, .
S
.
,
.
, .
,
CompactFlash, SmartMedia, Memory Stick ,
. - . (
4.)
.
, ""
.
, ,
. , , ,
. , USB, .
USB .
.
( IrDA),
.
. ,
IrDA.
, IrDA Infrared Data Association, , , .
, IrDA
144
III.
, IrDA.
IrDA, , .
(
, ),
, . , .
, IrDA
IrDA .
IrDA . .
IrDA -, , .
, .
.
8.
, ,
,
. (, TIFF
JPEG),
. , ""
. ,
, . (
.)
. , , , ,
. . ( ,
, ,
.
4.)
7.
145
, ,
. -, .
, .
,
.
, , , . , , .
2. USB,
.
, , .
, ,
.
3. .
, . , Macintosh
(. 7.1, ). Intel-
,
(. 7.1, ).
. 7.1. Macintosh
, Intel- (PC)
Intel-
146
III.
USB . ,
USB .
, , Windows 95,
, Windows 95
, USB. ,
, Windows,
.
4. , .
5. , .
,
PC ( ).
, .
6. .
7. .
, , .
TWAIN
, -,
, TWAIN. TWAIN , . , TWAIN Technology Without An Interesting Name (
). !
TWAIN , . , .
TWAIN-, .. TWAIN.
,
. , File () -
Acquire () Import (). , . TWAIN source ( TWAIN), File.
,
.
, Windows,
Windows Explorer . Macintosh
Finder.
7.
147
,
, .. .
, , .
,
Windows Macintosh, . - , .
,
. ,
-
, . , USB IrDA,
,
- .
, ,
.
, , .
' ,
, , (, PC ..).
f
' Intel- , ,
, .
' USB, ,
. , USB . , , .
' - , Web- .
,
. Web-
,
"" .
' .
, LZW TIFF. ( -
148
III.
, , , , 3.)
S
, DCS008.jpg DCS009.jpg (
Intel- ) Image 1 , Image 2 .. (
Macintosh). ,
.
S
, . ,
. .
/ ,
.
, .
*/ , . ,
. , - . , , , . ,
- ( -,
, Zip).
fneneftb , 1
DVD, , ,
, ,
. ,
,
.
, , (video-out) . ,
DVD
.
.
? -,
,
-. .
, - . , -, 27- .
7.
149
, , DVD,
. , (
) Video AV-out , VideoIn , DVD (. 7.2). ,
, . 7.2, , Audio-In ( ..). , Mono-Input.
. 7.2. , Kodak,
-
, , DVD
Video in
Audio in
, , , - ,
.
,
,
, . , , ,
.
, , NTSC, . NTSC
, PAL.
, , . ,
NTSC PAL.
150
III.
,
.
. ( 10.)
.
, () .
, ..
. ( (native)
.)
, , ,
. ,
, .
. , Adobe Photoshop Photoshop Elements PSD,
, ,
.
, PSD,
.. .
Macintosh, , Windows.
, ,
, ,
. , .
JPEG
-
Joint Photographic Experts Group, .
7.
151
JPEG ,
.. ,
. , ( ) . ,
, .
JPEG , . , Adobe Photoshop Elements
Save As ( ),
, . 7.3.
, Quality ().
, .
. 7.3. JPEG ,
,
, (
). Web, ,
. , , . 3.1 .
3.
, . 7.3, , Internet. 9.
Save for Web ( Web)
Photoshop Elements, , .
TIFF,
. JPEG
, .
.
152
III.
EXIF
EXIF Exchangeable Image Format JPEG. EXIF, JPEG (EXIF),
, .. , . , , ..
, ,
,
, .
, . ,
-. Picture Information
Extractor ThumbsPlus
.
:
EXIF ,
. ,
.
TIFF
TIFF Tagged Image File Formal,
. TIFF , JPEG, , , Internet. JPEG, , TIFF, ,
Windows, Macintosh. - , TIFF .
, ,
TIFF, , . . 7.4 , Photoshop Elements.
. 7.4.
TIFF, Photoshop
Elements
7.
153
RAW
, , , JPEG TIFF, RAW.
, RAW "" raw, .. , .
RAW, ,
. , , , .
RAW, , ,
,
. . -,
RAW , JPEG, ,
TIFF. -, RAW . , Web- RAW, , .
RAW, ,
. RAW , , ,
.
154
III.
Photo CD
Photo CD
-.
, Photo CD.
. , Photo
CD, .
Photo CD ,
128x192 2048x3072 . ,
, Pro Photo CD,
4096x6144 .
Photo CD ,
. , ,
. ,
, , , .
, , ,
. ,
, . Web-, . (
2.)
Photo CD Picture CD,
Kodak. Picture CD,
- .
- JPEG,
, .
FlashPix
FlashPix . ,
, .
FlashPix ,
.
, ,
FlashPix , . ,
,
FlashPix, -,
.
GIF
, .
, . ,
GIF ,
, .
7.
155
PNG
Portable Network Graphics
.
Web-. GIF, PNG 256
, JPEG, .
,
, ,
Internet. ,
, PNG.
Internet GIF JPEG.
BMP
(--),
, Windows
Bitmap. , BMP
, , Windows.
, .
BMP
, RLE (Run-Length Encoding),
, .
Windows , RLE, RLE .
PICT
PICT Apple QuickDraw Macintosh.
Macintosh QuickTime,
PICT JPEG. ,
JPEG ,
156
III.
JPEG.
JPEG, PICT. ,
PICT, ,
.
PICT , SimpleText, Microsoft Word
.
EPS
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) , .
EPS - , . TIFF
JPEG. EPS , .
, - - , ,
.
- ,
,
. , - , ,
, , . , , 2003, , ,
..
, . , ,
. 7.5 , Photoshop Elements 1.0. ,
, .
7.
157
Rowers
ChristmasCactus
Q My Garden
-
Friends
Habitat
HoMayPark
020426-1034-11.jpg 020426-1035-12.lpg 020426-1035-31 Jpg 020426-1035-44jpg
. 7.6. JhumbsPlus
, , Windows Explorer
(. . 7.6). , EXIF.
, ThumbsPlus,
, , . , ,
"", "" "". ,
, . ThumbsPlus
158
III.
,
Web- .
FlipAlbum Suite (80 , www.flipalbum.com) , (. 7.7). ,
(,
).
|fc fdkja * yjew FfpTo Bookmatks Favqitet Io* CDMakei Options Help
,
. . , ( FlipAlbum Suite)
, - .
, , ThumbsPlus.
, .
7.
159
?
/ ...
>
>
>
CMYK
>
>
>
3^ ,
^ ,
. , , .
,
, ,
. , ,
.
, , , CMOS PCMCIA,
. , , ,
. ( , " ".)
, , Hewlett-Packard,
Epson, Olympus Canon, , . , ,
, , , , .
, Epson Stylus Photo 1280 ( 500 )
, (. 8.1).
Epson , . ,
, . , .
160
III.
,
. , , 50 900 . , , 200 . , ,
, , .
( ) , , . ,
, .
.
S , ,
.
/ , . , , ,
,
.
8. ?
161
,
. . ,
, .
, ,
, . (
, .) ,
, .
, - . , ,
, ,
, . ,
,
,
. , , Epson, Hewlett-Packard Canon.
, , . , , , , ,
.
( ).
, .
, , ( ,
() ,
).
? . , 1000 .
,
.
, ,
.
,
( , ).
, , .
, .
, .
162
III.
, . , , , .
-,
, , . 8.2
Olympus P-400 ( 800 ),
7,5x10 . ,
. ,
;
. ,
, "" . ,
7,5x10 Olympus P-400
2 .
. 8.2. Olympus
-400
7,5*7 0
(ThermoAutochrome technology). ,
. ( , ).
,
. , ,
. , ,
, ,
, . ,
, .
8. ?
163
, , .
.
, , ,
, ,
, . ,
.
, , , ,
, "", .
, ,
, .
,
. , Epson
Epson Stylus Photo 2000P ( 900 ),
,
Epson, ,
1 00 . , ,
(.. ) , 2000,
, , . ( , , Epson 2000
2200. , , .)
Epson, ,
, , " "
25 . , . ( ,
,
, .)
,
Olympus P-400, , . Olympus ,
, .
,
,
,
. , , , .
, .
164
III.
,
Web Wilhelm Imaging Research (www. wilhelmresearch. com).
, .
, , .
, " ".
" ",
, .
| , ,
, - ;
i .
[ / , , , i
, , {
.
| s , j
.
/ , ;
.
v . '
, .
I v , , , , ..
i s - :
. , - i
.
/ ctnoutfi
noKi/natfib?
, , .
.
/ ,
,
. , .
*/ ,
, .
8. ?
165
/ ,
, . -
, ,
. ,
.
/
, ,
,
. , . , ,
, .
, .
Sony, Hewlett-Packard, Olympus, Canon
, , .
( . 8.3.) Olympus
Polaroid ( 3).
S , ,
, ,
, .
/ ,
.
, , ,
Hewlett-Packard psc 950, ,
, . (, ),
Hewlett-Packard, .
, ,
,
- . ,
, ,
- .
/tatc
nfiUHtneft
, ,
.
, .
166
III.
, ,
. .
f
,
8,5x11 , , , 4.
, .. "" .
, . 8.1
Epson Stylus Photo 1280, .
.
, "" (.. ).
(snapshot printers) ,
4x6 . . 8.3
: Sony DPP-SV77
( 500 ), Hewlett-Packard PI00
( 180 ). ,
, . Sony , , . ,
.
. 8.3. , Sony
() Hewlett-Packard (), ,
, - . ,
. , ,
.
8. ?
167
168
III.
, ,
.
*/ .
,
(, ). , .
, ,
. "Prints at speeds up to..."
(" ..."), , .
S
.
,
, .
: , , .
,
, , , . , .
, , Web-.
" 15%- ". , 15%
4, (, ) , . ,
, .
,
, , .
? , .
(, - ). ,
. , , (.., , ). .
, , ( , , ,
) , ,
8. ?
169
. , ,
, - .
, .
.
,
.
, . , , ,
. ,
. ,
, , .
, . , , , ( ).
,
, .
-
, ,
.
,
, .
, , , . , , , , . , ,
, , .
,
.
. , , . , . ,
Print ().
. ,
,
.
170
III.
,
DPOF ( digital print order format). , , . .
, , .
, , , .
, . , , ,
Web-,
.
,
, ,
,
. , , Internet, . , , , 15.
, . , . , . 15 . (
, , , .)
, , . , , , , ( , ). , ,
, , , .
, , , - . , , ,
,
8. ?
171
. , , , .
CMYK
2, ,
fiGfl. RGB ,
. ( ) , , , . , ,
CMYK. ( (black) ,
,
(blue). , (key) CMYK.)
, CMYK , RGB . (, . , , , .) , ,
, .
, , , , .
, CMYK ? -, , ,
(.. ).
() .
-, , , CMYK .
2 " '', , CMYK , , , . ,
.
.
,
CMYK , ,
. ( , RGB
CMYK, RGB.)
CMYK,
RGB.
,
, , CMYK , RGB. , ,
. , CMYK , ,
, , CMYK , , , , .
CMYK. , , CcMmYK CcMmYKk.
, , , -, - - . ,
.
RGB CMYK, 2.
772
///,
, , , . , . ,
.
. 8.1 ,
, . ,
,
. , , 4 (.. 8,5x11 ). .
.
, ,
, , ( ). , ,
, ..
8.1.
, ,
, . , , , ,
, . "-" , ,
, .
,
1 2
1 10
,
. .
,
,
50
2
1 4
1 2
,
,
, ,
.
8. ?
173
'
,
. , ,
,
,
.
, ,
, . , .
' ,
, .
,
. ,
.
.
8x10 8
16 , , . ,
. , , , .
'
. 50
7 8x10 .
. , ,
( ) ,
.
' Internet. . , Ofoto (www.ofoto.com), Kodak, Shutterfly (www.shutterfly.com).
8x10 4
.
' 50
, , . ,
CMYK. (
, , ),
, .
174
III.
, . . .
1. .
, .
.
2. .
- .
3. Print ().
- Print
File (). ,
, , .
, (portrait mode),
(landscape mode).
File,
Print. ,
<Ctrl+P>. (,
, , .
, , File^Print.)
4. .
, , ,
(Intel- Macintosh). Print,
Page Setup ( ), Page Setup, File Print. ( Page Setup Setup () Print.)
Print
Page Setup, , ( ).
.
, , .
5. .
,
Print. , .
,
.
8. ?
175
,
, . 2, ,
, , .
, .
ppi . , 200
300 ppi. , , .
dpi .
. , . , ,
. " "
.
. , , .
( )
. ,
:
, , . ,
.
, , .
, , . ,
. ,
25%. , , .
, , ,
, . . , .
,
? , . , ,
-
775
///.
. ,
. ,
, ?
, , .
, (
) Adobe Photoshop Elements.
1. Image^Resize^lmage Size (<=> ^ ).
, . 8.4.
. 8.4. Image Size
2. Resample Image ( ).
, . ,
.
, , : , , ,
, , .
3. .
Width () Height
(). ,
, .
,
Resolution (). , , Width Height.
4. <Enter>.
(.. Resample
Image), ,
. , ViewOShow
Rulers ( => ),
, ,
.
,
, Resample
8. ?
177
Image. , ( Width,
Height Resolution ).
Resample Image , Width Height,
.
, (
).
,
,
, .
, Elements, ,
.
, ,
.
,
? ,
. , , . ( .)
!
, , , . - RGB, , , " CMYK". ,
, , , , , , .
,
, .
|
81
178
S .
, , ,
.
S ,
, ,
, . ,
,
.
/ , ,
,
. ,
,
. , , ,
.
S
, CMYK. RGB,
, RGB.
III.
*/ ,
, .
.
, ,
, . , .
S Photoshop Elements, Photoshop ""
.
, , , , ,
.
S
,
,
,
. , (, ), ,
.
.
, -
( ,
,
, ).
, ,
.
S , 100%- ,
.
S (,
ColorSync),
.
S ,
, . .
, , , , . ,
,
,
, . ,
, ( , )
.
S , , , ,
, , ,
.
8. ?
179
( ) ,
.
, .
. ,
" ".
, ,
.
, . ,
180
III.
, , .
,
. ,
,
. ,
, .
S , ,
, . , , Levels () Brightness/Contrast
(/). , ,
, .
10.
S
, , .
, .
.
S , , , .
IEEE 1284. ,
, .
, , , .
S , , - . , (
) -,
, . - , .
S
. ,
, , , . ,
,
, ,
. , ,
. , .
,
.
ft ?
181
1 ...
>
> Web-
>
> GIF JPEG
> Web-
>
; , 7 .
,
Web-, "-" ,
,
.
, - , ,
.
8 ,
. ,
, , .
fnif ctHOftOMf
, . , .
, .
,
. .
S Web- . Web-,
,
. , Web-, , " Internet".
S , ,
, , . ,
182
III.
,
.
"-" , Web, , , Ofoto
(www.ofoto.com). Web- ,
,
.
, ;
Web-
.
. 9.1 Web- Ofoto , , .
Web-, ,
14.
Eile
di
Beck I
lew
So
Communicator
:
Help'
::
9.
183
,
DVD .
, , .
7.
t3ce, 4fHO / [/
. .
, ,
. ( , , 2.)
,
, ,
.
, , , .
: 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768, 1280x1024 .
.
,
, , , . , 640x480 , , 640x480 .
, .
, , . 9.2 9.3.
640x480 17- . ( Windows : ,
.) , 640x480 (. . 9.2). (,
Windows, , ). . 9.3
, 1280x1024. .
, ,
, . -
Web- 21 - 1280x1024 , - 13 , 640x480 . ,
.
184
III.
. 9.2. 640x480 ,
640x480
9.
185
Internet, , 640x480 , , , .
, 640x480 , , 640x480, ,
. ,
, , , .
, ,
, ,
.
.
Photoshop Elements.
1 .
, . -
, - , .
2. lmage^>Resizeolmage Size ( ^
), Image Size (
).
3. Resample Image ( ),
. 9.4.
. 9.4.
Photoshop Elements,
Resample Image
, , .. , .
, Width ()
Height (), Pixel Dimensions
186
III.
( ). . 6
.
4. Resample Image Bicubic.
,
. ( Bicubic) .
Constrain Proportions ( ).
5.
, , .
6. Width
Height, .
,
() ().
(.. ), .
Width Height Pixels. Constrain Proportions,
Width Height, .
7. <Enter>.
, , Width Height,
. ,
.
2.
, , . Internet, , ,
, .
,
, Photoshop Elements
ViewOActual Pixels ( ).
, , . , .
, ,
, . , .
, , 72 96 ppi.
Photoshop Elements, ,
9.
187
Jnternet
Web- Web-, Internet , .
, Web- ,
, Web-. , .
Web-
, Web-, ,
(, ).
Web- , ,
. , , .
, , Web- ,
, ,
.
Web- , , .
,
Web- ,
. .
..
,
188
III.
. ? ,
( ) Web- , .
,
. ,
Web-
. Internet, ,
. .
S , , ,
Internet, Web , , . , , , "Product shot" ( ) , . , ,
. , , - .
S JPEG, GIF.
Internet. , PNG JPEG 2000,
Internet,
Web-.
JPEG GIF ,
, 7.
*/ , , ,
,
28,8 /. ,
Internet,
. ,
Web-, .
^ , , "
". Web-,
, 640x480 .
S ,
, .
640x480 , , 72 ppi, 300 ppi. ,
, ,
2.
S , ,
JPEG. , ,
9.
189
, GIF. 256,
, .
.
, Web- , , , . , ,
, ,
Web-. ,
. , Web- www.digimarc.com.
Web-
(Professional Photographers of America, www. ppa. com),
.
: JPEG GIF?
, JPEG GIF
, , Web-. , .
. JPEG 24- ,
.., , 16,7 . GIF
8- ,
256 .
, . 9.1 . . -
,
, .
24-. 8-,
, 256 .
. 24-
. ,
256, , - ,
, .
.
, JPEG , GIF, .. , , . GIF
, ,
.
190
III.
. , ,
JPEG, ,
GIF. , JPEG GIF, , JPEG
, a GIF . (
GIF ,
.)
,
. ,
, ,
, . , JPEG
GIF,
,
, 24- 8-
GIF. ,
, . 3.1 .
Web-. GIF , JPEG.
-, GIF-. .
Web, ,
.
-, ,
Web. , JPEG-,
Web-.
, "JPEG: ".
?
JPEG GIF , Web - . GIF
interfaced (), JPEG progressive (), - , . ,
. , .
" " . /
, ,
- .
,
.
.
Web- .
, JPEG-
(RAM), GIF-
. Web-
.
9.
191
JPEG GIF . , ,
, .
256 ,
,
. ,
JPEG, .
Web , JPEG GIF. Save for Web Photoshop Elements. , GIF JPEG,
. , 28,8 /.
GIF: 256
GIF 8- (256 ). , ,
, , , (. . 9.1
).
, 256
. , , GIF
, ,
.
GIF: 87a 89. ,
? , 89 GIF,
. 87 . ( , .
GIF GIF.)
? ,
Internet
Web- . . GIF, , (. 9.5, ). , Web-
(. 9.5, ). Web-
.
, , . -
192
III.
. , ,
,
, .
. 9.5. , Web-,
GIF, - GIF
GIF
GIF (.. , ) . ,
Photoshop Elements. - , GIF,
. -
.
, Elements , , , Save for Web,
.
, Elements, , GIF. . ,
- . , ,
GIF,
9.
193
256 , ,
. ,
GIF, , ..
. ( 12.)
Zoom
Hand
. 9.6. ,
GIF
194
III.
2. Settings () Custom
().
3. Format () GIF.
4. , , GIF.
, Elements.
.
. 9.6. (
.)
Color Reduction Algorithm ( ). ,
256 . , Adaptive
,
, ,
. , ,
.
, , , Save for Web,
( , , 11).
Color Reduction Algorithm Selective
( ).
Dithering Algorithm ( ). , 256 ,
, , .
(dithering).
Dithering Algorithm , . D i f f u s i o n , .
D i f f u s i o n , - .
Interlaced (). . ( .) ,
" ?".
Colors (). , ,
GIF, 256 . , 256 , Colors .
, . Colors , .
Dither (). ,
.
, , 100. ,
.
Transparency () Matte ()
, .
9.
195
. Animate () ,
GIF, , ,
.
5. <Enter>.
Save for Web ,
Save Optimized As ( ),
.
GIF, ,
, .
6. Save () <Enter>.
GIF,
. -
; GIF,
.
, Save for Web . . ,
Preview Menu, . 9.6.
GIF
GIF, GIF
. , , . , - . , ,
.
Elements Photoshop, , . , . ,
, .
, Elements Photoshop. ,
.
( 12.)
, ,
.
, Layers New=> Layer
from Background (' ).
New Layer ( ) . View=>Show
Layers ( ) Layers (), ,
Layer 0 (. 9.7).
- , . Elements,
Photoshop, - .
196
III.
. 9.7. , , GIF
, - ,
, .
, , GIF, RGB. ,
Image^ModeoRGB Color ().
, ,
GIF, , . . 4
Matte Transparency, .
Transparency (). ,
GIF
- . (..
Web-), .
, , Matte.
S Matte (). ,
.
Transparency.
9.
197
,
- ,
, , Matte. , .
, ' GIF , 50%, , , 50%, .
, . 9.8 (
. 9.7)
Matte. ,
. , Matte, , . , Matte ,
Web-, .
|,/1\;:1|>8
iillaS^;^;;
. 9.8. Web-
( ), Matte ,
Web- ( )
198
III.
JPEG:
JPEG, 24
(16,7 ), ,
, .
, " : JPEG GIF?".
, ,
JPEG, ,
.
JPEG, ,
TIFF, , Photoshop Elements (PSD). JPEG,
, .
9.
199
Preview Menu
Format
Quality
. 9.9. Quality ,
4. .
Quality, . 9.9 ,
, , . ,
.
^
Quality,
1 .
4/ Quality
: Maximum, High, Medium Low. Maximum ; Low, , .
,
Quality. 0 100, 0 ( ),
100 ( ).
, ,
.
. , Preview Menu (. 9.9).
200
III.
*
,
. ,
, . , ,
.
9.
201
, . , ,
, . -
, . - ,
.
, - - Macintosh Windows. ,
,
, .
,
, .
, , ,
", ".
JPEG,
. , GIF, , ,
JPEG. CompuServe, GIF, JPEG. ( , ,
, ,
.)
, , . , ,
.
, ,
,
( 2). , ,
. Zip,
-
, .
,
Netscape Communicator ( 4.0). -
, - ,
.
1. Internet Communicator.
2. Communicator^Messenger ( "mail",
).
202
III.
3. File^New^Message (^^)
New Msg .
.
4. , .
5. FileOAttachoFile ()
Attach File.
, .
File ,
, . , , Open ().
.
6. File^Send Now ( )
Send () ,
.
, . Netscape Navigator
..
(. 9.10), , .
fe dit View So Message Communicator Help
-> >
V-
_ _4
wA
Rep^
Forward
FJe
ilUi j Inbox
I"
Next
Ptint
Securfty
Detete
j|j
Bl Subject
Re: Help Test Printing Sollwaie
Sends,
JudyF
| Date
I P. I I IS.|-..|Un,.J
Document Done
. 9.10. ,
9.
203
, , . , Internet
( ). ,
- -
. ,
. , .
204
III.
IV
KOMOpMi ^^ 61
'Hi. .WvOUtM
; ,
,
,
.
. - , .
( , ; ,
, ),
. , - , ,
,
. ,
,
.
, -. ,
-, ,
,
, .
, .
?
, , , ,
. , 10 , . 11 ,
,
,
,
"" . 12 , , .
; , ;
, .
.
10
S 1 ...
}*
5*
>
>
>
>
>
>
""
t \ ,
. , , , . , " " ,
, . ,
.
- , ,
. , ,
,
, ,
, .
11 , ,
, 12 ,
. ,
.
nfiotfioMMbi &
,
, Adobe Photoshop Elements.
. -,
100 , .
, Elements
, ( ) Adobe
10.
207
Photoshop, .
, Elements Intel- , Macintosh.
Elements. , . , , Photo Retouching &
Restoration For Dummies, Wiley Pug, Inc.
, "Elements",
. , Adobe Photoshop, , ,
Elements, Photoshop .
- , , , ,
. ,
, .
, .
Kate otntcfito&atnb
,
.
- ,
:
' FileOOpen (^);
' Open : <Ctrl+O>
Intel- <Command+O>
Macintosh;
' Open .
. Photoshop Elements, . 10.1.
, , .
^j^r
, .
I
208
, Elements, ,
,
IV.
. ,
(. . 10.1).
Open
. 10.1. , File
Browser
Elements File Browser () , Window^File Browser
(. . 10.1). ,
.
, ,
(, ). , , . TWAIN. ,
, 7.
(RAM). ,
,
. ( ,
10.
209
.)
, .
- ,
.
,
,
. , . ,
96 , 96 .
, . , ,
, ,
, . . ( 7.)
, Rotate (), .
Elements Image ().
" ".
, , .
, .
,
" ", , , . , , . . ,
, "
".
,
.
S , ! , , .
,
. ,
,
210
IV,
, ,
,
.
S ,
File^Save As (1^ ). , ,
.
S ,
.
/ , ,
. , ,
.
- , . 4.
*/ ,
. <Ctrl+S> (<Command+S> Macintosh), . Save () , (. 10.2).
S Save As , .
, ,
(.. ,
), . Elements Photoshop PSD.
S ?
,
. , , JPEG, GIF TIFF, "" . , ( 12).
S , -
. JPEG GIF
( ), TIFF ( , ). .
^
,
( ) . , ,
, , . , .
10.
211
,
.
Undo (), Edit
(), , . , , Undo .
Undo ,
. ,
,
. Undo Save.
Undo,
<Ctrl+Z> (<Command+Z> Macintosh).
Undo Redo () . Elements 1.0,
. 10.2.
Trash
Save
History
Ofck or 4rg ov*r you vjnt 40 fllarg*. Ottngt tin tootn ftit* oo * optioni bar.
. 10.2. Undo
Print () Undo . , - , , , ,
Undo .
212
IV.
10.
213
.
,
. ,
, .
"" (.. ) , ,
.
" , . ,
, .
S ,
, . , ,
. - , , . ,
- , .
S (, , Elements Photoshop), , , , - . , .
, . ( ,
, 12.)
S
. ,
, , .
1 1 .
</ , , ,
" ".
Elements, , , , , . . ,
214
IV.
. ,
. "" ,
.
I / ,
, ,
.
.
S , , ,
,
, .
( }
. 10.3 .
5 -
. (, - ,
, , , 800 , !)
Crop
Options
WMtt:]
H0i(: |
i'
: Resotuiton: 1
|pix*ls/irch
^CX^i
^Jl;
li
H*i
CSck and drag to defm cropping frame. Us* Shift, AK, nd Ctrl for additional options.
. /0.3. -
10.
215
, ,
.
, Photoshop Elements (, ,
) Crop (),
, . 10.4.
. 10.4.
,
, Crop
Elements . Crop .
1. Crop.
Crop (. 10.3). , Width (), Height () Resolution ()
Options (. . 10.3). , Clear (). ( Crop
.)
,
, .
, , . (. 10.5). , , .
,
,
(. . 10.5). , . Options.
, .
, -
, .
216
IV.
Apply
. 10.5. ,
. 10.6.
10.
217
4. , Apply (, .
. 10.5) <Enter>.
Elements 2.0 Apply Cancel () Options .
, , Undo, , , .
Crop Elements, Photoshop
. , , . 10.6.
Elements, , .
. , . 10.6. ( .)
Apply,
. . 10.6.
, . , , , . , ,
.
, () ,
. 10.7 , . , (. 10.7 ).
,
.
, . ,
, , , , .
,
"" , . , ,
.
, Brightness/Contrast (/)
Elements (. 10.8). , .
21 8
IV.
. 10.7. ()
. 10.8. Brightness/Contrast
Elements 1.0,
EnhanceoBrightness/Contrasto Brightness/Contrast (//). Elements 2.0 Enhance^Adjust Brightness/Contrast^Brightness/Contrast ( //). , Brightness
( -100 100) .
.
, .
, , . Contrast , , .
, (. 10.9). , . , . Brightness/Contrast,
(
10.
219
. 10.9). , ,
. , -, , , -, . , ,
.
Brightness/Contrast ,
,
. , - .
. 10.9. , ,
, , .
Brightness/
Contrast,
.
,
.
Elements, Photoshop -
, , Levels ().
, . " ?",
,
.
220
IV.
Levels
(), , Brightness/Contrast. , Levels
; , , .
, , , .. . 10.10 Levels, Elements,
. . , ,
.
. 10.10. , ,
,
, , . , ,
. . . 10.10 , , .
, . .
S Levels ,
Input Levels ( ).
Elements ,
10.
221
, , .
(shadows) Input Levels , . 10.10.
, . Low Point control.
(midtones) ,
,
Input Levels (. . 10.10). ,
,
. , ; , .
Gamma Midpoint control.
(highlights)
Input Levels , . 10.10.
,
.
High Point control.
/ , . 10.11, , . ,
.
,
.
S
Elements, . ,
.
S Levels Output Levels
( ).
. ,
, , , , , . : ,
() , .
Elements, ,
Output Levels .
S ,
, . (
2.) Elements
, , Channel (),
Levels, , . ,
222
IV.
,
, Channel
RGB.
. 10.11. , ,
, Elements, Photoshop , ,
. , Elements Dodge Burn,
"" ,
. .
?
| , Photoshop Elements, | , .
j , . 8 1 . , I , .
| , .
| ,
; , , , . ; , , , | , . 12.
10.
223
1
? Saturation,
.
. 10.1 . , , ,
, " ".
, , Saturation (), Elements, , .
. 10.1 .
,
.
Elements 1.0,
Enhance^Colon^Hue/Saturation (^/). Elements 2.0
EnhanceOAdjust Coloro Hue/Saturation (^ ^/). , . 10.12. Saturation
, , ,
.
. , 12.
Saturation ,
.' .
Edit
Master, .
,
Edit. , , , , ,
.
, , Sponge. (
Elements .) , .
Sponge Elements, Mode () Options Saturate () Desaturate (), , . Pressure (),
Elements 2.0 Flow, ,
.
224
IV.
ifHO nfiu //
, . , , , . . 10.2 . , "" .
,
? , , . ,
( ) - . , .
Intensity
. 10.13. ,
,
Variations () Photoshop Elements. . . 10.2 ,
.
, . .
10.
225
/
, - - , . . 10.3
,
. .
.
, , " "
, , . 10.3 .
. , , , . ,
.
, ,
, .
, ,
. , .
.
, .
226
IV.
, , . 10.14.
- . . .
.
Sharpen
, 10.14. , ,
Photoshop Elements ( )
,
. .
, , , ,
"". ,
.
Elements :
Sharpen (), Sharpen More ( ) Sharpen Edges (
). , Filten=>Sharpen.
, .
, . . 10.14.
10.
227
' Sharpen .
,
, . , ,
.
' Sharpen More , Sharpen,
. , ,
. ,
Sharpen More .
' Sharpen Edges , ,
,
. . 10.14 , ,
, .
. ,
Sharpen.
' Sharpen Edges , , , , , . , , Unsharp
Mask ( ), .
,
. , . , , "" ,
.
.
, , .
Elements, Photoshop , , Unsharp Mask
( ).
Unsharp Mask
, .
,
, (
, ).
, Unsharp Mask .
228
IV.
, ,
.
Elements,
1
Filter^Sharpen^Unsharp Mask (^ * ).
, . 10.15.
. .15. Unshaip Mask
Amount. .
, .
. 10.16 Unsharp Mask
, . 10.14,
Amount, Threshold, .
, Amount
, . 10.4 .
Radius 1. , Threshold 0. , Amount
.
, Unsharp Mask
Amount 50 100.
, ,
Amount. ,
Amount.
10.
229
Amount, 100%
Amount, 200%
. 10,16. , Radius
Amount
, Radius
0,5 2. ,
,
Radius; ,
.
/ Threshold. , ,
.
, , , "" . Threshold,
, ( Sharpen Edges, ).
,
Threshold 1 15.
, Threshold.
230
IV.
?
, . , , , . ,
.
, , (. 10.17).
, ,
. ,
, .
, .
Elements ,
Filter^Blur ().
Gaussian Blur ( )
. , .
Gaussian Blur ,
. 10.18. Radius , , .
10.
231
. 10.17.
, ,
. 10.18. ,
Gaussian Blur
Gaussian Blur ; , .
232
IV.
2) 1 icatcasi-iHO !
, jaggies (, ).
-
. , ( ), .
, " ",
, , .
, ISO ( 5).
. 10.19. , " ", . 12.5 ( ).
- ,
, Gaussian Blur, . ,
. .
. 70.19. , , ,
, , .
, . , Unsharp Mask,
,
Threshold.
Despeckle
Remove Noise ( ), "
". , , (
10.
233
). ,
Despeckle/Remove Noise .
, , Despeckle/Remove Noise,
.
, .
,
, .
,
. ,
. , ""
.
234
IV.
1 1
, ,
. . .
>
>
>
> ,
>-
>
^^ ,
, ? ,
, , -
. ,
.
,
. , ,
. ,
.
, , ,
. , ,
, .
,
, , .
, , : ", ,
- ", , ( , , ..).
. (
, , ). , - ,
, .
11. , ,
235
, , , , . ,
, , , , .
, .
. . , , .
,
( , ; , ). , , , .
, , ,
. , , , " ".
, , , ,
. ,
. : ,
.
, . , - , ,
. , . , , , .
. , .
^
,
. , ,
(marching ants). , , , , .
. ,
.
Photoshop Elements, ,
( ).
Rectangular Marquee ( ) Elliptical Marquee
( ) ,
, .
236
IV.
Magic Wand ( ) , .
Elements
Elements, , . . 11.1
,
. ( Elements 1.0,
Selection Brush .
Elements 2.0 Lasso.)
- , . ,
, ,
11. , ,
237
. , . , .
Elements 2.0 , Options.
,
I i
t
7-"
-.yilfflJ
Magic Wand
. 11.1, Elements
. , , :
, . Elements
Rectangular Marquee ( ) Elliptical Marquee ( ).
(. 11.2).
( . .)
Rectangular Marquee Elliptical Marquee
, Options (. . 11.1).
.
Feather ().
(
) Feather , .
" " .
Anti-aliased (). , . . , -
, .
Rectangular Marquee Anti-aliasing (
).
Style ().
, Normal.
238
IV.
, , ,
, , (,
300 200 ).
Option
!''
. 11.2. ,
<Shift>, .
Rectangular Marquee, Elliptical Marquee.
,
. Elements Magic Wand ( ), Color Wand, Color Selector - .
, . , ,
, , .
, , . 11.1
( . 11.2 ).
, .
Magic Wand Elements,
Options .
11. , ,
239
, . , .
*/ Tolerance (). ,
, ,
.
Tolerance ,
. ,
.
. 11.1 Tolerance: 10, 32, 64 100.
, Color Wand;
.
Elements Tolerance 255, ,
100, Magic Wand . 255 , - . , ,
Select All ( ), .
. 11.1 , 100
,
. ,
, , "
".
/ Anti-aliased (). , , .
S Contiguous (). , . ,
, , , , .
, , . 11.1 , . , ,
, , ,
.
, . 11.1 , Contiguous
.
, Magic Wand , , Contiguous .
S
240
IV.
. ,
"" ,
, .
, . " ",
. ( , , , " ".)
, Freehand, Lasso Trace. Elements, 1~ Photoshop, Lasso.
Lasso: Polygonal Lasso ( ) Magnetic Lasso ( ).
Elements . 11.1.
Lasso Polygonal Lasso Elements.
' Lasso. , , , , Pencil (). ,
, ,
.
^ Polygonal Lasso. , . , ,
, , .
,
.
, , .
, <Alt> ( <Option> Macintosh), . <Alt> (<Option>),
.
Lasso Magnetic Lasso - .
10, , ,
. , Elements, ,
, .
, Elements Magnetic Lasso,
. . 11.3 ,
.
11. , ,
241
Magnetic Lasso
Brush
242
IV.
, , , . Elements, Options
Magnetic Lasso.
' Feather, Anti-aliased. , " ".
'
Width (). ,
. ,
; , , .
1 40.
,
(. . 11.3), EditoPreferences^Display and Cursors
(^ ^ ),
Preferences. Other Cursors ( )
Precise ().
Frequency (). ,
. , , .
() ,
. , , .
'
? , . , .
11. , ,
243
- , ,
.
, , .
. 11.4. , , . . Magic Wand Elements ,
, .
, ,
( . 11.4).
244
IV.
. 11.4. ( ),
Magic Wand , . ( )
,
Elements,
Select^Inverse (^). <Shift+Ctrl+I> (<Shift+Command+I>
Macintosh).
Invert.
, ,
. ,
Invert , ( ). Invert Inverse , , , , , , .
, . , , , . , .
.
11. , ,
245
Invert.
.
. ,
(Add). , . ,
( . 11.1 ),
Elliptical Marquee.
.
, ,
(Subtract). . , , (. 11.1 )
, .
,
,
,
.
.
,
, . ,
,
, . , (Intersection)
.
(Additive), (Subtractive) (Intersection)
.
;
.
Normal
Add
Subtract
Intersect
. 11.5.
Elements Options
Elements, , <Shift>. ,
<Alt> (<Option> Macintosh).
246
IV.
,
Options
(. 11.5).
,
( Normal).
Elements ,
.
. , ,
. .
.
/
.
SelectoModifyoExpand (^) Selects
ModifyOContract (^^), .
.
, . SelectoGrow (=>), , ,
, ,
. ,
, SelectoSimilar ( ).
Tolerance () Magic Wand,
(. " ").
.
, ,
SelectoModifyOSmooth () .
, .
, Anti-aliased ()
. ,
" ".
, ,
. ,
, , , . Elements 2.0 Select Save Selection (
) Load Selection ( ). Elements 1.0, , .
11. , ,
247
[11,,
, &
, . , , .
, .
, , , .
. 11.2 . , , , .
, ,
, .
Clone ().
"" ,
.
: , ,
: Cut (), () Paste
(). , , . , , Edit.
, :
, , Elements, , .
, . , ( ), . ,
,
. ( 2, 8 9.)
. .
. .
Edit,
, Copy: <Ctrl+C>
(<Command+C> Macintosh). .
Cut . "",
. 11.6.
248
IV.
<Ctrl+X> (<Command+X>
Macintosh).
S Paste . ,
<Ctrl+V> (<Command+V> Macintosh).
. 11.6. Cut,
( ) ( )
, ,
. , , .
[{
-.
Paste () , ,
. . ""
, .
Elements, Photoshop, . . 12, .
Layers (. 11.7),
, , . Layers,
Window1* Show Layers (1*
Layers). ,
(
. 11.7).
Layers - (. . 11.7).
.
. 11.7, , , , ,
.
11. , ,
249
, , PSD. ,
.
Move
Layers
Apply
I
3 Adobe Photoshop Elements
layer
Sla
. 11.7. ,
,
. Elements,
Layers , .
Layers
(. . 11.7). , ,
.
S . Move (), . 11.7, . Move , ( ). <Shift>,
.
250
IV.
. ImageOTransform 1 *
Free Transform (^ ) <Ctrl+1> (<Command+T>
Macintosh).
, (transformation
boundary) (. . 11.7).
.
, , . 11.7
. (
, .) ,
. Apply (),
. ( Elements 2.0
Apply Cancel .)
? ,
.
, <Esc>
Cancel (),
Apply.
.
,
. , . ( ,
,
2.)
,
, , Maintain Aspect Ratio ( ) Options (. . 11.7).
, ,
Apply.
.
Flip () ImageoRotate ( ).
, &1
Cut (),
.
, - .
Cut, , ,
. <DeIete>.
.
,
. ,
. , ,
.
11. , ,
251
, . 11.8, , , - ,
. , , , ,
.
.
. ,
. , ,
(. 11.9).
. 11.8.
. 11.9.
();
()
, .
.
. 11.10. , ,
, . 11.8.
,
, .. , , .
, .
,
252
IV.
.
"" , (.. ) . ,
, ( ).
. 11.10. , ( ), ( )
, .
1. ,
.
2. .
. , . Elements, , Feather (), Options. ,
.
. Elements Select^ Feather (1* ), , . 11.11. Feather Radius
( ) <Enter>.
. 11.11.
Feather Radius,
, ,
, . , .
11. , ,
253
, .
- .
3. EditOCopy (^), .
4. Edit^Paste ('), .
5. , .
Paste,
, ",
".
, , ,
.
Clone (),
,
"" (. 11.12). Clone , ,
, . 11.3 .
Clone
, 11.12. Clone
""
254
IV.
Clone
, , , . , ,
, .
Clone . Photoshop,
, Rubber Stamp ( ), Photoshop Elements
. Photoshop Clone Stamp,
, , Elements. , Clone.
, ,
.
1. Clone.
Elements ,
(. . 11.12).
2. .
, . -.
Elements, <Alt> (<Option> Macintosh).
3. , .
.
, . , , ,
, .
Elements . ( . 11.12.) , , .
Clone
Options (. . 11.12). ,
.
Brush (). ,
. , . 11.12, ,
. , . ,
.
Mode (). ,
. Normal -
11. , ,
255
, ,
- .
,
. ( 12 .)
'
Opacity ().
. Clone
60-70%, . , , - , 100%.
'
Aligned (). ,
( ,
, ) , . , . .
, ,
.
, . . , (.. , <Alt> <Option>).
,
, . , , .
256
IV.
, , . , , . , ,
.
.
, ,
.. , , .
( 2.)
Elements,
Image^Resize^Canvas Size (^
) Canvas Size (. 11.13). Width
() Height () . ,
, ,
. , ,
, .
. 11.13. Elements
, Width Height. ,
, , . Crop (), 10. ,
- ,
Canvas Size.
Elements 2.0 Canvas Size Relative
(). , Width Height ,
. ,
, Width Height
.
11. , ,
257
12
3fdou ...
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
"77
- ,
*^ *^ . , , ,
.
, ,
,
, . , .
.
, , ?
.
, .
, .
, , , ,
, .
- , Fill ().
? ,
.
/ . , , Web-. ,
.
258
IV.
,
. , , , .
I S .
- , ,
, .
s " ". ,
.
I -S - , . , .
, . ,
, , , . 12.1,
.
, , , .
^ , ,
. , . , , , - , ?
. 12.1. -
12.
259
, ,
,
.
. , Corel Painter, , .
, , , . . 12.2 , , .
260
IV.
Elements, . , , ,
. Elements, , .
. Elements, .
,
.
/
Paintbrush ().
,
, , .
Pencil (). ,
.
Elements 1.0,
(. 12.3).
Elements 2.0, Paintbrush Brush,
Pencil. , Airbrush
. , , Airbrush Options, Brush.
. , . Airbrush, , , .
, <Shift>.
, , , ,
<Shift>, , .
Elements, ,
, .
(Paint color). , " ".
(Stroke size), (Softness) (Shape).
,
. ,
, .
12.
261
Options
Layer
Select
Filter
View
Window
Help
Click and dr to paint gsq foreground color. Use Shift, t, and CW for 4ddttkml options
100% 80%
60%
40%
20%
. 12.4.
262
IV.
S (Paint opacity).
,
, , .
. 12.4. ,
.
S (Blending mode).
. .
Normal Color.
Normal, ,
( , ,
100%). Color . , . , , . " ", . 12.3.
Elements
Options (. . 12.3). , 1.0
2.0 Elements Options Brush
. , , .
,
, , . 12.3.
, . , ,
, ,
. .
Smudge
, ,
, , .
. Smudge (), , , ""
.
,
, . 12.5. ,
"" . , ?
,
.
Elements Smudge,
, ,
. , Smudge
Options .
12.
263
. 12.5. Smudge,
Finger Painting ( ). ,
(. 12.6), . , Smudge , . ( , , .)
Smudge
* tni dr*g lo smudo* deiired ^, SHtt. AH. and OH for Mrtiwwl option
264
IV.
Pressure () Strength ( ).
Pressure
1.0 Elements Strength 2.0.
, .
, .
"" ,
70%.
Use All Layers ( ). , Smudge
. , (. . 12.6).
, .
.
Foreground color ( ). , " ",
. Elements
Paintbrush, Pencil Airbrush.
Background color ( ). , , , . Elements,
Photoshop, Eraser (),
. , , .
, ,
, ,
.
. , . Windows Macintosh, ,
Elements, , .
,
Elements, Windows Macintosh.
,
.
Photoshop Elements
Elements,
, (. 12.7).
.
12.
265
Eyedropper
. 12.7. Default
Colors,
,
.
Default Colors ( ), ,
.
| S Swap Colors ( ), , .
, ,
.
*/ Swatches (). Swatches (. 12.8),
Window=>Show Swatches (^ Swatches) Elements 1.0 Window^Color
Swatches (^ ) Elements 2.0. , .
Elements 1.0,
<Alt> (<Option> Macintosh). Elements 2.0, <Ctrl> (<Command> Macintosh).
. 12.8. Swatches
266
IV.
, . , , Sample Size ( )
Options 3 by 3 Average (3 3 ) 5 by 5 Average
(5 5 ).
Color Picker ( ).
, , .
( )
Color Picker (. 12.9). , EditoPreferences^General (^), Preference (). Color Picker
Adobe.
Color
12.
267
Elements .
Swatches Color Picker.
,
.
Windows
,
Windows, Color
(. 12.10).
Lightness
Hue/Saturation
Ewecofarc
Custom ft.
rrrrrr
'
. 72.10. Windows,
, .
, Basic Colors ( ).
' ,
Define Custom Colors ( ) .
, . 12.10. ( , .)
,
(hue) (saturation),
Lightness (), .
Hue, Sat Lum
,
(hue), (saturation) (luminosity) . Red, Green Blue
268
IV.
,
RGB. ( 2.)
, Custom Colors
( ) . Add to Custom Colors ( ).
16 . ,
.
Custom Colors - ,
, Add to Custom
Colors. 16 "" , Windows
(,
). ,
- .
/ Color/Solid, , . -,
: , ,
(solid color,
). , " "
.
, dithering . , , .
.
32 000 (16- ). 256
. Web-
256 .
Web- ,
() , Color,
256 . Color/Solid. , ,
.
, , .
Apple
Macintosh,
Apple (. 12.11).
Macintosh. . 12.11 Mac OS 9.1. .
, Apple HSL (
HLS), Apple RGB.
12.
269
|%
Uo 1%
Lightness
. 12.11. ,
,
Apple HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness , , ), HSB (Hue,
Saturation, Brightness , , ). 2.
, .
. HSL,
, (hue)
(saturation) . (lightness). RGB , Red,
Green Blue.
, , Original () New
() . , , <Return> .
,
, . ( ,
, 11.) Fill ().
Fill, ,
. 12.1 .
. ,
,
.
.
270
IV.
. 12.12.
, Fill
, .
Use (). , . ,
. Use Foreground Color ( ) Background Color ( ).
Preserve Transparency ( ). ,
, ,
, ,
. ,
, .
12.
271
Fill
. . ,
-
.
, ,
. Elements Paint Bucket
( ), ( ) . (
. 12.13.)
Fill, , Fill, .
Paint-bucket
272
IV.
.
, .
, , , 11.
Fill .
, , ,
, Elements.
Options.
Fill, ,
Magic Wand, 11.
, ,
.
? , Tolerance () . , , . , . 12.13, , , ,
Tolerance 32, 100%.
Contiguous (),
, .
,
.
- , .
/3{1, &
Hue
(), .
, , . (0), 120, 240.
, . , , 120 . , 120, 120 240,
.
,
. 12.1 , 83, Hue/Saturation (/) Elements.
, Elements 1.0
EnhanceoColoroHue/Saturation (1^/)
Enhance^Adjust Colors Hue/Saturation (^ ^/) Elements 2.O. . 12.14.
12.
273
. 12.14. Hue,
, , Fill Color.
- -, . Hue
, - - .
Colorize (),
Hue/Saturation, . , , , (.. , ),
Color, . , Hue, .
Photoshop Elements, Photoshop
, . , (objects), (sprites) (lenses). ,
,
.
, , ,
. , ,
, , . ,
,
, .
.
, , .
.
.
274
IV.
/ , (. 12.15).
*/ : ,
, - , . ,
.
, . ,
-.
,
.
. 12.15. ,
S , ,
Eraser, Options 50%-
. ,
" ".
/ . , . , .
, , . 12.15, , .
, ,
,
, . ,
. , ,
, .
12.
275
.
,
.
. 12.16. 100%- .
50%,
(, )
, .
"" "" ( , ). ,
. 12.1 (
276
IV.
), Normal Color,
. , , .
, , ,
, Color, "" .
S ,
. Elements, , ,
, .
. ( , Layer
Styles ( ), WindowoShow Layer Styles.)
,
. ,
, , . ,
"" .
, , : ,
. , , , . , ,
flattening (, ), merging
(, ).
, , . ,
,
, ,
.
.
Elements, , . 12.3
.
,
, .
,
Elements, , .
Elements
Elements, ,
Layers (), . 12.17.
1
View=>Show Layers ( ^
Layers).
12.
277
Blending Mode
Adjustment Layer
. 12.17.
Elements Layers
.
' .
.
' -
( ).
, EditoPreferences<=>Transparency (^ ),
Preferences Transparency .
^ , .. .
Layers. -
, .
'
. ,
. , ,
, .
' Layers,
. ,
. ( Elements 2.0
More ().) , , Layer, .
278
IV.
New Layer ( )
Delete Layer ( )
New Layer Trash (),
.
.
Adjustment Layer ( ),
, , . 10.
Blending Mode ( ) Opacity () ,
.
, ,
F i l l , , Layers , - . Fill
, ,
Mode Opacity,
.
Lock (), ,
"" ,
. ,
,
. - . ,
.
,
, , . Elements
PSD.
10 7.
,
, Elements, , (Background).
.
, New Layer (
), Layers (. . 12.17).
,
.
.
,
New Layer.
S , ,
Trash,
Layers. , Trash.
12.
279
(flattening) . . , , . -,
, .
^ ,
.
,
. -
, , ,
.
S (.. ),
Layers Flatten Image ( ),
Layers,
Layer.
S , .
.
, , ,
Merge Layers ( ) Layer.
, ,
Merge Down ( ).
,
, ,
, . ( Layers, .) Merge Visible (
) Layer. , .
, , .
S . Layers, .
S . ,
Layers. , Select^Select
All ( ), , . (
, ,
280
IV.
, , .)
S .
11 ,
Layers, .
, - .
S . <Ctrl+J> (<Command+J> Macintosh).
Layer^New^Layer via Copy (
). ,
.
S .
, ,
, . , . (
, " ".)
S . Eraser
, ,
(. 12.18). ,
, , "" , .
, Eraser , .
Eraser
. 12.18. , -
( ), Eraser,
,
( )
,
Eraser Opacity () Options. -
12.
281
100%, . .
, , Opacity
Eraser, , . 12.15.
50%- ,
, ,
.
. 12.19. ( , Eraser. -
.)
Move
Eraser
282
IV.
,
. ,
, . 12.3 .
, ,
, ,
, . 12.3 .
, , ,
.
,
. , ,
,
(. 12.3 ).
, , . , 11.
12.
283
S , , .
, . 12.2, ,
. ,
, ,
.
.
S ,
, . Magic
Wand .
, .
11.
/ , , , , .
. 12.20. , , .
. 12.20. ,
. 12.3 ,
JS;: ] , . 12.2 ,
S . (
, , ;
,
.)
S , , .
284
IV.
Eraser ,
.
f
"" , , , . ,
, TIFF, . ( 10, 7.)
' , .
- .
Color 50%,
, . 12.4 . (
, Elements , Hue/Saturation
Colorize; ,
" ".)
, , . , . ,
.
nfteeftaiHUfHb ^
, .
, . 12.5 .
,
. - .
,
"" .
. .
,
, . Adobe PhotoDeluxe, Elements Photoshop. ,
.
,
. , , ,
, , . , ,
12.
285
,
.
,
, , , , . , ,
.
286
IV.
CD
CD
D~
^ ,
|. .
, ?
^ . ; ,
, '' .-.
| . , ,
" '.' '
; 13 , ; 1 4 1 ,
; 15
>-
13
3filou ...
>
^
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>1 .
f , ."" .
, , , .
,
- : ", , , , ".
, , , .
, ,
.
*1 fiasfieuietiuu }
, . ,
, 200 300 ppi
( ).
, , . , ,
13.
289
. , , .
, , .
. , , .
, ,
, 2 8.
HfiuMen&utne ,
. .
, : Best, Better, Good (, , ) Fine
Normal ( ). ,
.
. , .
, . , , . , , ,
, .
. , JPEG,
, , TIFF, .
, ,
.
, 3;
, JPEG TIFF, 7.
, ficuctffic
5, , , .
" ",
,
.
290
V.
, " ":
, ,
. , - .
, .
,
, 5 6.
,
. ISO 100.
, .
, ,
, ,
.
, ,
, .
. ,
.
5.
, . .
, .
, , , ISO 100.
, ISO 100, , ,
.
, . 5, ( ISO)
2 5.
, , . ,
.
13.
291
, , , ,
, . 12.2 . , ,
( Photoshop Elements Magic Wand).
6.
1 1 .
nfioiftaMM
[&/
, . , ,
, .
IV , .
.
, .
.
- , . , , .
/
8, , , . ,
, ,
, , .
, ,
. ,
.
,
, , , ,
, .
JlficuctHUtca,
nftafciHUfca
[ nficuctfluica!
, , ,
.
. ,
292
V.
.
, , ,
.
, .
, . 4.
, , ,
.
! , : "! !"
, ?
, ?
.
, . ,
,
. , , , , . , ,
.
, - . , , .
13.
293
14
& ...
> Internet
>
>
>
>
> ,
>
>
> ,
>
-.
- , .
: ?
: ! () ?
:
: ( .) -? ( , .)
?
:
,
Internet.
,
, . ,
, , . , , , , .
, ,
" ". , , .
294
V.
^
Web-cfHftaHUU,
,
Web-. Web-
, ,
,
, .
, ? ,
Internet. Web-,
. Internet , Web-. , Web- .
, Internet, 9.
&
, , , .
, , . , , , , - -. ,
.
,
,
.
9.
14. ...
295
Web-, , :
www. ofoto . com
www. shutterf ly. com
www . nikonnet . com
www. fujifilm.net
He Web-
. - , , ,
.
. 4.
/ &
qua I/CAI/I (/
, Adobe PageMaker
Microsoft Publisher, ,
, .
Microsoft PowerPoint Corel Presentations.
. 9;
8.
*>
,
, ,
,
, . ( , Web-
.)
, .
, - . , ,
.
, , .
, , (, , )
, .
? ,
. , -
296
V.
? ,
, , .
tta tccuencfafisuc
, , . , , , ,
, "", "". .
, , .
, .
, ,
. Web-, .
, , , . ,
,
. ,
,
, .
3*1 [
,
, . , ,
. ,
, ,
, ,
, . . 1.4, 1, Microsoft Excel , .
. , , - .
14. ...
297
[
, , - . , , ,
, ,
, .
, . .
.
, teotHOfiMU /
, , , ?
, ,
, . ,
? ,
- .
- ,
,
. - !
, , , , , - .. , .
,
. ,
,
. (
8.)
, ,
, ,
. , ,
.
, ,
,
.
298
V.
15
Internet
...
>
www.dpreview.com
> www.imaging-resource.com
>
www.megapixel.net
>
www.pcphotomag.com
>
www.pcphotoreview.com
> www.peimag.com
>
www.shutterbug.net
> rec.photo.digital
>
comp.periphs.printers
> Web- -
. .
\* . , ? , . , , , .
, , , Internet. , ,
, .
Internet, . - Web-,
- ,
"digital photography" (" ") "digital cameras" ("
").
, Web-
.
Web- , , , - .
.COHt
Web-, , ,
, . ,
, Internet.
.imaging -resource
Web-,
,
. "Getting Started",
, . Web- ,
.
"" , , Web-
, .
.
.ftcfikototoag .
Web- PC Photo,
, .
,
, .
.fteitnag. cotn
Web- Photo
Electronic Imaging. , ,
,
. Web- ,
.
300
V.
ouwur.skutterbug .net
Web- "" Shutterbug, , , , , .
, .
.fikoto .digital
,
, rec.photo.digital.
( , (newsgroup) Web-; , , , - .)
, , , .
, , , , , .
,
Web- ( ). Google (www.google.com),
. Google Groups. Search
Search.
.fterifths
.firinters
? , ? , , .
, ,
,
.
Web-ciHfiaH,uu,bi
-/
Web-. , Web- , . ,
, Web- -:
' Kodak (www.kodak.com)
Kodak (Digital
Learning Center).
15. Internet
301
Web- . , Web-
, , .
Web- , ,
,
, .
302
V.
ff^1 e , ?
* ? , , ,
- ,
.
8- . , 256 .
16- . , 32 .
.
24- . , 64,7
.
BMP. Windows. , Windows,
.
CCD. charge-coupled device ( ).
,
.
CIE Lab. , .
CMOS. complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (
- ). ,
. , CCD.
CMYK. , .
, , .
CompactFlash. , .
dpi. dots per inch ( ). , ,
. , , ,
.
DPOF. , digital print order format.
, , .
.
FlashPix. ,
.
.
GIF. ,
Internet. , ,
256 .
HSB. , (hue),
(saturation ) (brightness).
303
304
. , , .
. . . .
. , . , , , , .
. binary digit ( ); . .
. , , , ,
.
.
, . EV (exposure value ).
. ,
. .
(Gaussian blur). , ;
. .
. 1 000 , . , . (GB).
. , . , .
. , .
. , , .
. , . , ,
.
. , ,
; .
. .
. , , - .
PCMCIA. , . PC (PC Cards).
. . ().
. ""
.
. , .
. . (MB). . .
. .
, .
. ,
. , , , -
305
EV ( ), .
. .
. Unsharp Mask ( ) ,
.
. . .
. picture element ( ).
; .
GIF (transparent GIF). , GIF,
. Web .
. , , , . ,
. ( 2.)
. ,
.
(spot metering),
, - (center-weighted metering), , , (matrix metering),
.
(continuous-capture mode). , ,
" ".
. ,
.
. ,
, .
. ,
. .
. , JPEG.
. . TIFF, JPEG GIF.
. , ,
- . , , , (out of
gamut).
. (, ).
. . RGB,
, , .
306
CMYK
, , .
. , ,
.
. ,
, ISO ,
.
307
BMP, 156
CCD, 30; 52
CcMmYK, 172
CcMmYKk, 172
CMOS, 30; 52
CMYK, 46; 172
LCD, 57
LZW, 153
N
NTSC, 69; 150
D
Digita script, 69
dpi, 168; 176
DPOF, 171
DVD, 87
E
EPS, 157
EV-, 66
EXIF, 153
F
FlashPix, 155
f-, 43
RAW, 154
RGB, 46; 172
RLE, 156
sRGB, 46
H
HSB, 267
TIFF, 153
TWAIN, 147
Indexed color, 47
iPhoto, 158
IrDA, 144
ISO, 67; 106
308
USB, 50; 79
W
Webcams, 58
Web- , 192
Windows Bitmap, 156
, 66
, 140
, 64; 119
, 105
, 66
, 65
PC Card, 81
, 195
, 234
, 122
, 43
, 80
, 76; 85
Mini CD-R, 78
DVD-R DVD-RW, 86
Iomega Zip, 85
Zip, 85
-, 85
, 302
TWAIN, 147
, 181
, 126
, 225
, 72
, 105
, 187
, 113; 133
, 292
, 248
, 43
, 58; 103
, 58
, 69
, 267
NTSC, 69
, 43
, 34; 38; 177; 289
, 231
. 188
, 221
, 109; 121; 131
, 47
, 228; 241
, 301
, 144
, 43
EV, 108
, 31
, 32; 47
, 42
, 39
, 191
, 33; 36
, 191
RGB, 32
, 191
, 47
, 47
, 237
, 260
, 70
, 52
, 187
, 255
, 144
, 27
309
CompactFlash, 77
IBM Microdrive, 77
PCMCIA, 76
. Secure Digital, 77
SmartMedia, 77
Sony Memory Stick, 77
, 254
" ", 43
, 274
, 99; 128
, 63
, 223
, 162
, 61
, 62
, 93
, 62
, 63
, 62
, 235
, 216
, 236
, 236
, 50
, 40
, 92; 153
, 166
, 139
, 268
, 224
ISO, 45; 67; 106
, 252
, 295
, 37
, 40
, 268
, 268
, 20
"", 103; 130
310
, 54
, 56
, 56
, 134
, 108
, 30
, 38
PostScript, 171
, 33
-, 87
, 218
Audio-In, 150
AV-out, 150
COM, 146
IrDA, 144
Mono-Input, 150
USB, 146
Video, 150
Video-In, 150
, 149
, 146
, 83
, 291
, 28
" ", 256
, 145
-, 153
, 65; 105
, 196
, 71
, 32
, 43
, 33
, 257
, 32; 40; 123
VGA, 40; 51
XGA, 40
, 34; 41
, 40
, 40
, 40; 184
, 41
, 40
, 216
, 251
, 94
Slow-sync, 113
, 109
, 109
, 26
, 106
, 263; 271
, 71
, 67
, 226
, 211
, 293
, 66
, 222
, 29
, 280
, 72
JPEG, 151
LZW, 153
RLE, 156
, 124
, 53; 124; 152
, 52
, 135
, 169
, 45
, 249; 274
, 277
, 278
, 278
, 279
, 279
, 269
, 195
, 222
, 54; 290
, 69
, 62
, 222
, 162
, 163
, 242
, 130
, 130
, 63
, 63
, 251
, 84
IrDA, 73
RGB, 46
, 59
, 64
, 218
, 119
, 119
, 61
BMP, 156
EPS, 157; 171
EXIF, 153
FlashPix, 155
GIF, 155
JPEG, 151
NTSC, 150
PAL, 150
Photo CD, 155
PICT, 156
PNG, 156
PSD, 151
RAW, 154
TIFF, 153
, 151
, 151
, 125
EXIF, 93
FlashPix, 126
GIF, 192
JPEG, 53; 125; 199
TIFF, 125
, 173
311
, 61;
, 113
, 161
, 91
, 195
X
, 256
, 265
, 265
, 46
16-, 269
Apple HSL, 269
CIE Lab, 48
CMYK, 32; 46; 168; 172
HSB, 48
HSL, 48
312
RGB, 172
, 47
, 115; 126
, 273
, 54
, 32
, 172
, 20
, 95
, 295
, 59
, 72; 94
, 42; 105
, 151
-, 93
, 112
"",
4-
..
..
.
..
"".
101509, , . , . 43, . 1.
. . 090230 23.06.99
.
06.05.2003. 70x100/16.
Times. .
. . . 25,8. .-. . 22,00.
4000 . 14.
" "
,
.
197110, -, ., 15.
,
2-
,
,
.
www.dialektika.com
3 . 2003 .
,
.
,
,
,
, , Photoshop
( )
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
, ,
3000 .
ILLUSTRATOR 10.
. ,
www.dialektika.com
Illustrator 10
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
"
".
,
,
.
,
Illustrator,
,
.
.
PHOTOSHOP 7.
www.dialektika.com
.
(
)
Photoshop 7,
.
,
Photoshop 7
.
( )
,
.
, ,
Photoshop 7.
,
.
.
PHOTOSHOP 7
""
-,
www.dialektika.com
Photoshop ,
.
Photoshop
.
Photoshop ,
,
.
, ,
Photoshop ,
,
.
, .
Photoshop (,
),
, ,
. Photoshop
, ,
,
.
, Photoshop, .
""
,
.
,
,
, ,
,
"--".
,
,
,
.
.
www.dialektika.com
"-"
Photoshop
type effects
^ISBN 5-8459-0423-4
ISBN 5-8459-0397-1
ISBN 5-8459-0414-5
..
ISBN 5-8459-0380-7
ISBN 5-8459-0396-3
ISBN 5-8459-0320-3
ISBN 5-8459-0402-1
ISBN 5-8459-0381-5
ISBN 5-8459-0117-0
ISBN 5-8459-0363-7
Cisco Smtus
www.dialektika.com
www.williamspublishing.com
www.ciscopress.ru
QUARKXPRESS 5.
,
,
www.dialektika.com
QuarkXPress 5.
,
,
-
.
QuarkXPress. ,
, ,
,
QuarkXPress . QuarkXPress
,
. , ,
,
.
QuarkXPress 5.
60
.
?
,
. ,
.
. ,
.
>
1
ISBN 5-8459-0458-7
:
"" Internet
: http://www.dialektika.com
.!.ifiiiiiMi*;ii:;i-- 0 3 0 5 2
"785845"90458
, .
,
,
Adobe PhotoDeluxe 4 Foi
Dummies
""