Presentation On Bernoulli's Equation

Phys.
131 11/26/2012 Derek Stampone
Phys. 131 - 11/26/2012

Derek Stampone
Binghamton University
Outline
Phys. 131 11/26/2012 Derek Stampone Outline Review
Pascals and Archimedes Principle
Review Pascals and Archimedes Principle Fluids - Cont. Ideal Fluids in Motion The Equation of Continuity Bernoullis Equation Test 3 - Review Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 15
Fluids - Cont.
Ideal Fluids in Motion The Equation of Continuity Bernoullis Equation
Test 3 Review
Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 10 11 12 13 15

Denition (Pascals Principle) A change in the pressure applied to an enclosed incompressible uid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the uid and the walls of its container.
Fluids - Cont.
Test 3 Review

Denition (Pascals Principle) A change in the pressure applied to an enclosed incompressible uid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the uid and the walls of its container. Denition (Archimedes Principle) When a body is fully or partially submerged in a uid, a buoyant force Fb from the surrounding uid acts on the body. The force is directed upward and has a magnitude equal to the weight mf g of the uid that has been displaced by the body.
Fluids - Cont.
Test 3 Review
ny element of the fluid would take as the fluid flows. at the velocity of a particle is always tangent to the Ideal Fluids in Motion Here the particle is the fluid element, and its velocity reamline (Fig. 14-14). For this reason, two streamlines y did, 131 - an element arriving at their intersection then Phys. elocities simultaneously an impossibility. 11/26/2012
Derek Stampone Outline Review
Four Assumptions of Ideal Fluid
Fluids - Cont.
Streamline
Fluid element Fig. 14-14
Test 3 Review
A uid element trac out a streamline as it moves. The v locity vector of the element is tangent to the streamline at every poi

Steady
v
Fluids - Cont.
Streamline
Test 3 Review

Steady Incompressible - Constant v
Fluids - Cont.
Density
Streamline
Test 3 Review

Fluids - Cont.
Density Negligible
Fig. 14-14 element
Streamline
Nonviscous - Frictional Losses Fluid
Test 3 Review

Fluids - Cont.
Density Negligible
element
Streamline
Nonviscous - Frictional Losses Fluid
Test 3 Review
Fig. Irrotational 14-14 A uid element trac
out a streamline as it moves. The v locity vector of the element is tangent to the streamline at every poi
The Equation of Continuity

Phys. 131 11/26/2012 Derek Stampone Outline The volume flow per second here must Review match ...
v1 A1
72
Comes from Conservation of

A2 v2
Mass
Fluids - Cont.
(a) Time t L
Test 3 Review
Chapter 10
(b) Time t + t
... the volume flow per second here.
u may have noticed that you can increase the speed of the water emerging Chapter 13 m Chapter 15 hose by partially closing the hose opening with your thumb. a garden parently the speed v of the water depends on the cross-sectional area A ough which the water ows. Here we wish to derive an expression that relates v and A for the steady ow an ideal uid through a tube with varying cross section, like that in Fig. 14-15. e ow there is toward the right, and the tube segment shown (part of a longer
-9Chapter Equation of Continuity The 11 Chapter 12

v1 A1
72

A2 v2
Mass A1 v 1 = A2 v 2
Fluids - Cont.
(a) Time t L
Test 3 Review
Chapter 10
(b) Time t + t

v1 A1
72

A2 v2
Mass A1 v 1 = A2 v 2
Mass Flow Rate:
Fluids - Cont.
(a) Time t L
Test 3 Review
Chapter 10
(b) Time t + t
Rm = Av = constant
A water stream narrows as it falls
Figure 14-18 shows how the stream of water emerging from KEY IDE a faucet necks down as it falls. This change in the horizontal The volume ow rate through the cross-sectional area is characteristic of any laminar (nonbe the same as that through the low turbulant) falling stream because the gravitational force Phys. 131 increases the speed of the stream. Here the indicated Calculations: From Eq. 14-24, we 11/26/2012 cross-sectional areas are A0 1.2 cm2 and A 0.35 cm2. What 45 mm. The two levels are separated by a vertical distance his the volume ow rate if A0v0 Av, Derek What is the volume ow rate from the tap?A0 = 1.2 cm2 , A = 0.35 cm2 and where v0 and v are the water speed Stampone ing to A0 and A. From Eq. 2-16 we h = 45 cm water is falling freely with accelerat Outline
Continuity Equation: Example Problem
Review
Fluids - Cont.
The volume flow per second here must match ...

A0 h A
Eliminating v between Eqs. 14-26 v0, we obtain v0
2ghA2 A A2 A2 0
v2
v2 0
2gh
Test 3 Review
0.286 m/s
(2)(9.8 m/s2)(0.045 A (1.2 cm2)2
28.6 cm/
Fig. 14-18
As water falls from a tap, its speed increases. Because the volume ow rate must be the same at all horizontal cross sections of the stream, the stream must neck down (narrow).
From Eq. 14-24, the volume ow ra RV
A0v0 (1.2 cm2 34 cm3/s.
Additional examples, video, and practice available at WileyP
Review
2 Continuity equation tells us A0 vv2 =vAv 2gh 0 0
Fluids - Cont.
The volume flow per second here must match ...

A0 h A
Eliminating v between Eqs. 14-26 v0, we obtain v0
2ghA2 A A2 A2 0
Test 3 Review
0.286 m/s
(2)(9.8 m/s2)(0.045 A (1.2 cm2)2
28.6 cm/
Fig. 14-18
A0v0 (1.2 cm2 34 cm3/s.
Review
Fluids - Cont.
Eliminating v between Eqs. The volume flow per relate velocity between two 14-26 We can v0, we obtain second here must 2 parts of stream: v 2 = v0 + 2gh 2 match ... 2ghA
A0 h A
v0
A A2 0
Test 3 Review
0.286 m/s
(2)(9.8 m/s2)(0.045 A (1.2 cm2)2 A2
28.6 cm/
Fig. 14-18
A0v0 (1.2 cm2 34 cm3/s.
Review
Fluids - Cont.
A0 h A
v0 2 Combining the two equations,2 weAget A A0
Test 3 Review
... the volume flow v0 per second here.
2ghA2 A2 A2 0
= 28.6 cm/s
0.286 m/s
(2)(9.8 m/s2)(0.045 A (1.2 cm2)2
28.6 cm/
Fig. 14-18
A0v0 (1.2 cm2 34 cm3/s.
Review
Fluids - Cont.
A0 h A
v0 2 Combining the two equations,2 weAget A A0
Test 3 Review
... the volume flow v0 per second here.
2ghA2 A2 A2 0
= 28.6 cm/s
0.286 m/s
(2)(9.8 m/s2)(0.045 A (1.2 cm2)2
28.6 cm/
Fig. 14-18
As water falls from a tap, its speed increases. Because the volume ow rate must be the same at all horizontal cross sections of the We get stream, the stream must neck down (narrow).
From Eq. 14-24, the volume ow ra
RV A0v that the volume ow rate0 is (1.2 cm 34 cm3/s. RV = A0 v0 = 34 cm3 /s
Bernoullis Equation
374
CHAPTER 14 FLUIDS

y L
14-10 Bernoullis Equation

Bernoullis Equation tells us how to look at Conservation of Energy for an ideal uid.
v1 p1 y1 Input t x (a) y v2 p2 Output

10 11 12 13 15
Fluids - Cont.
Figure 14-19 represents a tube through which an ideal uid is owing rate. In a time interval t, suppose that a volume of uid V, colore Fig. 14-19, enters the tube at the left (or input) end and an identi colored green in Fig. 14-19, emerges at the right (or output) end. Th volume must be the same as the entering volume because the uid is i ible, with an assumed constant density r. Let y1, v1, and p1 be the elevation, speed, and pressure of the uid the left, and y2, v2, and p2 be the corresponding quantities for the ui at the right. By applying the principle of conservation of energy to t shall show that these quantities are related by p1
1 2 2 1 2
v2 1
gy1
p2
1 2
v2 2
gy2.
In general, the term v is called the uids kinetic energy density (kin per unit volume). We can also write Eq. 14-28 as p
y2
1 2
Test 3 Review
Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter
v2
gy
a constant
(Bernoullis equation).
t + t x (b) Fig. 14-19
Fluid ows at a steady rate through a length L of a tube, from the input end at the left to the output end at the right.
Equations 14-28 and 14-29 are equivalent forms of Bernoulli after Daniel Bernoulli, who studied uid ow in the 1700s.* Like the continuity (Eq. 14-24), Bernoullis equation is not a new principle the reformulation of a familiar principle in a form more suitab mechanics. As a check, let us apply Bernoullis equation to uids putting v1 v2 0 in Eq. 14-28. The result is p2 p1 rg(y1 y2),
Bernoullis Equation
374
CHAPTER 14 FLUIDS

y L


10 11 12 13 15
Fluids - Cont.
Figure 14-19 represents a tube through which an ideal uid is owing rate. In a time interval t, suppose that a volume of uid V, colore Fig. 14-19, enters the tube at the left (or input) end and an identi colored green in Fig. 14-19, emerges at the right (or output) end. Th volume must be the same as the entering volume because the uid is i ible, with an assumed constant density r. Let y1, v1, and p1 be the elevation, speed, and pressure of the uid the left, and y2, v2, and p2 be the corresponding quantities for the ui the right. By applying the principle of conservation of energy to t 1 1 1 at shall show that these quantities are related by
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2
Test 3 Review
y2 t + t x (b) Fig. 14-19
Let y , v and p be the elevation, speed, and pressure of the uid at gy p v gy . one point pand vlet y2 , v2 and p2 be In general, the term v is called the uids kinetic energy density (kin the elevation, speed, and per unit volume). We can also write Eq. 14-28 as pressure of the uid at another point (Bernoullis equation). along a p v gy a constant stream line. Equations 14-28 and 14-29 are equivalent forms of Bernoulli
1 2 2 1 2 2
after Daniel Bernoulli, who studied uid ow in the 1700s.* Like the continuity (Eq. 14-24), Bernoullis equation is not a new principle the reformulation of a familiar principle in a form more suitab mechanics. As a check, let us apply Bernoullis equation to uids putting v1 v2 0 in Eq. 14-28. The result is p2 p1 rg(y1 y2),
Bernoullis Equation
374
CHAPTER 14 FLUIDS

y L


10 11 12 13 15
Fluids - Cont.
Figure 14-19 represents a tube through which an ideal uid is owing rate. In a time interval t, suppose that a volume of uid V, colore Fig. 14-19, enters the tube at the left (or input) end and an identi colored green in Fig. 14-19, emerges at the right (or output) end. Th volume must be the same as the entering volume because the uid is i ible, with an assumed constant density r. Let y1, v1, and p1 be the elevation, speed, and pressure of the uid the left, and y2, v2, and p2 be the corresponding quantities for the ui the right. By applying the principle of conservation of energy to t 1 1 1 at shall show that these quantities are related by
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2
Test 3 Review
y2 t + t x (b) Fig. 14-19
1 2 after Daniel Bernoulli, who studied uid ow 1 the 2 in 1700s.* Like the 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 continuity (Eq. 14-24), Bernoullis equation is not 2 new principle a the reformulation of a familiar principle in a form more suitab mechanics. As a check, let us apply Bernoullis equation to uids putting v1 v2 0 in Eq. 14-28. The result is
Let y , v and p be the elevation, speed, and pressure of the uid at gy p v gy . one point pand vlet y2 , v2 and p2 be In general, the term v is called the uids kinetic energy density (kin the elevation, speed, and per unit volume). We can also write Eq. 14-28 as pressure of the uid at another point (Bernoullis equation). along a p v gy a constant stream line. Equations 14-28 and 14-29 are equivalent forms of Bernoulli
1 2 2 1 2 2
p + v + gy = p + v + gy
p2
p1
rg(y1
y2),
Special Cases of Bernoullis Equation

Lets look at when v1 = v2 = 0. Bernoullis Equation becomes, p2 = p1 + g(y1 y2 )
Fluids - Cont.
Test 3 Review
Special Cases of Bernoullis Equation

Lets look at when v1 = v2 = 0. Bernoullis Equation becomes, p2 = p1 + g(y1 y2 ) Lets also look at when y1 = y2 Bernoullis Equation becomes
2 2 1 p1 + 2 v1 = p2 + 1 v2 2
Fluids - Cont.
Test 3 Review
Proof of Bernoullis Equation

First, we apply Energy Conservation: W = K

1 2 2 2 2 K = 1 mv2 2 mv1 = 1 V (v2 v1 ) 2 2
Fluids - Cont.
Test 3 Review


1 2 2 2 2 K = 1 mv2 2 mv1 = 1 V (v2 v1 ) 2 2 Next, we look at the work done by gravity
Fluids - Cont.
Wg = mg(y2 y1 ) = gV (y2 y1 )
Test 3 Review


Fluids - Cont.
Wg = mg(y2 y1 ) = gV (y2 y1 ) And the work done on and by the uid. F x = (pA)(x) = p(Ax) = pV
Test 3 Review


Fluids - Cont.
Wg = mg(y2 y1 ) = gV (y2 y1 ) And the work done on and by the uid. F x = (pA)(x) = p(Ax) = pV So work done on system is p1 V and work done by the
Test 3 Review
system is p2 V . Adding them together,

Wp = (p2 p1 )V
Proof of Bernoullis Equation (cont.)

Combining these two work contributions and our change in
kinetic energy,
1 2 2 gV (y2 y1 ) V (p2 p1 ) = 2 V (v2 v1 )
Fluids - Cont.
Test 3 Review
Proof of Bernoullis Equation (cont.)

Combining these two work contributions and our change in
kinetic energy,
1 2 2 gV (y2 y1 ) V (p2 p1 ) = 2 V (v2 v1 ) We can cancel the V and separate the terms according
Fluids - Cont.
to subscript to get
1 2 2 p1 + 2 v1 + gy1 = p2 + 1 v2 + gy2 2
Test 3 Review
e ow rates from the two tanks? (c) At one innk 1 is 12.0 cm above the hole. If the tanks are e ow rates, what height above the hole must e just then?
Bernoullis Equation: Example Problem

air
B B
Air
rical tank with a large diameter is lled Phys. 131 h D 0.30- m. A hole of cross-sectional area 11/26/2012 ottom of the tank allows water to drain out. at which water flows out, in cubic meters per Derek Stampone distance below the bottom of the tank is the of the stream equal to one-half the area of
Outline Review
Hole A
Liquid
Fig. 14-47 has Pascals and ofArchimedes2 and 0.74 m Principle s. At the outlet, Fluids - Cont. below the inIdeal Fluids in Motion ional area is The Equation of intake and the Continuity Bernoullis 9.5 m/s into Equation he pressure difTest 3 t and outlet? Review
Chapter 10
Reservoir Generator building
Intake
Outlet Fig. 14-47
Problem 58.
moving 11 Chapter with a speed of 5.0 m/s through a pipe Chapter 12 l area of 4.0 cm2. The water graduall descends Chapter 13 s-sectional area increases to 8.0 cm2. (a) What Chapter 15 ower level? (b) If the pressure at the upper what is the pressure at the lower level?
The intake has cross-sectional area of 0.74 m2 and Fig. 14-48 Problems 62 and 63. At water ows at 0.40 m/s. the outlet, distance D = 180 m below 63 A pitot tube (see Problem the intake,differential pressure of62) on a What is the the cross-sectional area high-altitud is measures a 180 Pa. 3 smaller if the density of the air is 0.031 kg/m ? airspeed than at the intake and water ows outIn Fig. 14-49, water ows generator. at 9.5 m/s into the 64 v2 through horizontal pipe dierence between What isa the pressure and then d2 out into the atmosphere at a speed inlet 15 m/s.outlet? and The diameters of the v1
left and right sections of the pipe are Fig. 14-49 Pro 5.0 cm and 3.0 cm. (a) What volume of water ows into the atmosphere during a 10 min period? In the left section of the pipe, wh the speed v2 and (c) the gauge pressure?
SSM WWW
pedoes are sometimes tested in a horizontal
65
A venturi meter is used to measure
half the cross-sectional area of the hole in tank 2. io r1/r2 of the densities of the liquids if the mass ame for the two holes? (b) What is the ratio ume ow rates from the two tanks? (c) At one intank 1 is 12.0 cm above the hole. If the tanks are me ow rates, what height above the hole must bePhys.then? just 131 -
planes speed relative to the air? The density of the air is 1.03 kg/m3 and that of alcohol is 810 kg/m3.
Bernoullis Equation: Example Problem (cont)

v
air
Hole A
B B
Air
11/26/2012 ndrical tank with a large diameter is lled pth D 0.30 m. A hole of cross-sectional area Derek bottom of the tank allows water to drain out. Stampone te at which water flows out, in cubic meters per hat distance below the bottom of the tank is the Outline ea of the stream equal to one-half the area of Review
Pascals and
We use Bernoullis Equation with point

Liquid 1 at the inlet and point 2 at the outlet. h
in Archimedes has Fig. 14-47 Principle ea of 0.74 m2 and Fluids - Cont. m/s. At the outlet, mIdeal Fluidsthe inbelow in Motion ectional area is The Equation of e Continuityand the intake Bernoullis at 9.5 m/s into Equation s the pressure difTest 3 nlet and outlet?
Review
2 2 1 1 p1 + Fig. 14-48gy1 = 622and 63. v2 + gy2 2 v1 + Problems p + 2

63 A pitot tube (see Problem 62) on a high-altitude aircraft measures a differential pressure of 180 Pa. What is the aircrafts airspeed if the density of the air is 0.031 kg/m3? 64 In Fig. 14-49, water ows v1 v2 through a horizontal pipe and then d2 d1 out into the atmosphere at a speed v1 15 m/s. The diameters of the left and right sections of the pipe are Fig. 14-49 Problem 64. 5.0 cm and 3.0 cm. (a) What volume of water ows into the atmosphere during a 10 min period? In the left section of the pipe, what are (b) the speed v2 and (c) the gauge pressure? 65 SSM WWW A venturi meter is used to measure the flow speed of a fluid in a pipe. The meter is connected between two sections of the pipe (Fig. 14-50); the cross-sectional area A of the
Intake
Outlet Fig. 14-47
Problem 58.
is Chapter 10with a speed of 5.0 m/s through a pipe moving Chapter 11 nal area of 4.0 cm2. The water graduall descends Chapter 12 oss-sectional area increases to 8.0 cm2. (a) What Chapter 13 e lower level? (b) If the pressure at the upper Chapter 15 a, what is the pressure at the lower level?
orpedoes are sometimes tested in a horizontal ter, much as a wind tunnel is used to test model r a circular pipe of internal diameter 25.0 cm and

v
air
Hole A
B B
Air
Pascals and

Review

63 A pitot tube (see Problem 62) on a high-altitude aircraft measures a differential pressure of 180 Pa. What is the aircrafts airspeed if the density of the air is 0.031 kg/m3? 64 In Fig. 14-49, water ows v1 v2 through a horizontal pipe and then d2 d1 out into the atmosphere at a speed v1 15 m/s. The diameters of the left and right sections of the pipe are Fig. 14-49 Problem 64. 5.0 cm and 3.0 cm. (a) What volume of water ows into the atmosphere during a 10 min period? In the left section of the pipe, what are (b) the speed v2 and (c) the gauge pressure?
Intake
Well solve it for the pressure dierence
Outlet Fig. 14-47
Problem 58.
65 SSM WWW A venturi meter is used to measure the flow speed of a fluid in a pipe. The meter is connected between two sections of the pipe (Fig. 14-50); the cross-sectional area A of the

v
air
Hole A
B B
Air
Pascals and

Review

63 A pitot tube (see Problem 62) on a high-altitude aircraft measures a differential pressure of 180 Pa. What is the aircrafts airspeed if the density of the air is 0.031 kg/m3? 64 In Fig. 14-49, water ows v1 through a horizontal pipe and then 2 1 v2 d2 d1 2 out into the atmosphere at a speed 2 1 1 2 2 v1 15 m/s. The diameters of the left and right sections of the pipe are Fig. 14-49 Problem 64. 5.0 cm and 3.0 cm. (a) What volume of water ows into the atmosphere during a 10 min period? In the left section of the pipe, what are (b) the speed v2 and (c) the gauge pressure?
Intake
Well solve it for the pressure dierence p p = gD + (v v )
Outlet Fig. 14-47
Problem 58.

v
air
Hole A
B B
Air
Pascals and

Review

63 A pitot tube (see Problem 62) on a high-altitude aircraft measures a differential pressure of 180 Pa. What is the aircrafts airspeed if the density of the air is 0.031 kg/m3? 64 In Fig. 14-49, water ows v1 through a horizontal pipe and then 2 1 v2 d2 d1 2 out into the atmosphere at a speed 2 1 1 2 2 v1 15 m/s. The diameters of the left and right sections of the pipe are Fig. 14-49 Problem 64. 5.0 cm and 3.0 cm. (a) What volume 6 of water ows into the atmosphere 2 1 during a 10 min period? In the left section of the pipe, what are (b) the speed v2 and (c) the gauge pressure?
Intake
Well solve it for the pressure dierence p p = gD + (v v )
Outlet Fig. 14-47
Problem 58.
p p = 1.7 10 Pa
Test 3 - Review
Test 3 - Information
Test is Wednesday from 3:30 pm to 4:30 pm in LH-014 Remember a calculator and formula sheet. Test covers Chapters 10, 11, 12, 13, 15 (Homeworks 8 to
Fluids - Cont.
11)
Three questions of multiple parts (Similar style and
Test 3 Review
diculty as previous tests)
Chapter 10 - Rotation
Kinematics of Angular Variables - Replace linear variable
with corresponding angular variable. x , v , and a

Rotational Kinetic Energy K = 1 I 2 2 Parallel Axis Theorem I = Icm + M R2 Newtons 2nd Law net = I Work-Kinetic Energy Thm. W = and K = W
Fluids - Cont.
Test 3 Review
Moments of Inertia
10-7 CALCULATING THE ROTATIONAL INERTIA
I = MR2 Axis Solid cylinder (or disk) about central diameter L R
1 I = __M R 2 + 4 1 __ 12
25
Table 10-2 Some Rotational Inertias

Axis R Hoop about central axis R1 R2 R (a )
1 2 2 I = __M ( R 1 + R 2 ) 2
Some Common Moments of Inertia

Axis Annular cylinder (or ring) about central axis L Axis Solid cylinder (or disk) about central axis
(b )
1 I = __M R 2 2
(c )
Axis Thin rod about axis through center perpendicular to length L
Axis Solid sphere about any diameter 2R
Fluids - Cont.
Test 3 Review
ML2
(d)
I=
1 __ 2 12M L
(e )
2 I = __M R 2 5
(f ) Axis
Axis Thin spherical shell about any diameter
Axis R Hoop about any diameter
2R
Slab about perpendicular axis through center b a
2 I = __M R 2 3
(g )
1 I = __M R 2 2
(h )
1 __ I = 12M ( a 2 + b 2 )
(i )
perpendicular to the plane of the gure, and another axis through point P parallel
We need to relate the
Chapter 11 - Rolling, Torque, and Angular Momentum

Rolling Condition: vcm = R Torque: | | = r F Direction from right hand rule Angular momentum: Newtons 2nd law:
Fluids - Cont.
= r p = m(r v) net =
Test 3 Review
d dt Angular momentum of Rigid Body: L = I

Conservation of Angular Momentum: Li = Lf
Chapter 12 - Equilibrium and Elasticity

Static Equilibrium occurs when
F =0
and
=0
Fluids - Cont.
When we look at forces in x and y direction, we get three
independent equations from these two statements, sum of the forces in the x and y direction and sum of the z torques.
The key to solving equilibrium problems is a drawing very
Test 3 Review
clear free body diagrams. Dont forget Newtons Third Law when drawing forces on free body diagrams.
Chapter 13 - Gravitation
Newtons Law of Gravitation
F =G
m1 m2 r2
where G = 6.67 1011 N m2 /kg2 . Gravity is always an attractive force.

Gravitational Potential Energy
Fluids - Cont.
U = G
Mm r
Test 3 Review
Escape speed: Speed at which an object will escape the
gravitational pull of an astronomical body of mass M and radius R 2GM vescape = R
Chapter 13 - Keplers Laws

The law of orbits All planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus. The law of areas A line joining any planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. (This statement is equivalent to Conservation of Angular Momentum) The law of periods T2 = 4 2 GM r3
Fluids - Cont.
Test 3 Review
Chapter 15 - Oscillations
The period is the time required for one complete oscillation
or cycle. It is related to the frequency by T = 1/f

Simple harmonic motion: When restoring force is
proportional to the displacement.

The Linear oscillator: Restoring force from Hookes Law
Fluids - Cont.
F = kx =
Pendulums
k m
T = 2
m k
Test 3 Review
T = 2 T = 2 T = 2
I/ L/g I/mgh
torsion pendulum simple pendulum physical pendulum

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Phys.

131 11/26/2012 Derek Stampone

Phys. 131 - 11/26/2012

Pascals and Archimedes Principle

Pascals and Archimedes Principle

Four Assumptions of Ideal Fluid

Fluid element Fig. 14-14

Four Assumptions of Ideal Fluid

Fluid element Fig. 14-14

Four Assumptions of Ideal Fluid

Four Assumptions of Ideal Fluid

Nonviscous - Frictional Losses Fluid

Four Assumptions of Ideal Fluid

Nonviscous - Frictional Losses Fluid

Fig. Irrotational 14-14 A uid element trac

The Equation of Continuity

Comes from Conservation of

... the volume flow per second here.

-9Chapter Equation of Continuity The 11 Chapter 12

The Equation of Continuity

Comes from Conservation of

... the volume flow per second here.

-9Chapter Equation of Continuity The 11 Chapter 12

The Equation of Continuity

Comes from Conservation of

... the volume flow per second here.

-9Chapter Equation of Continuity The 11 Chapter 12

A water stream narrows as it falls

Continuity Equation: Example Problem

The volume flow per second here must match ...

Eliminating v between Eqs. 14-26 v0, we obtain v0

... the volume flow per second here.

(2)(9.8 m/s2)(0.045 A (1.2 cm2)2

From Eq. 14-24, the volume ow ra RV

A0v0 (1.2 cm2 34 cm3/s.

Additional examples, video, and practice available at WileyP

A water stream narrows as it falls

Continuity Equation: Example Problem

2 Continuity equation tells us A0 vv2 =vAv 2gh 0 0

The volume flow per second here must match ...

Eliminating v between Eqs. 14-26 v0, we obtain v0

... the volume flow per second here.

(2)(9.8 m/s2)(0.045 A (1.2 cm2)2

From Eq. 14-24, the volume ow ra RV

A0v0 (1.2 cm2 34 cm3/s.

Additional examples, video, and practice available at WileyP

A water stream narrows as it falls

Continuity Equation: Example Problem

2 Continuity equation tells us A0 vv2 =vAv 2gh 0 0

... the volume flow per second here.

(2)(9.8 m/s2)(0.045 A (1.2 cm2)2 A2

From Eq. 14-24, the volume ow ra RV

A0v0 (1.2 cm2 34 cm3/s.

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A water stream narrows as it falls

Continuity Equation: Example Problem

v0 2 Combining the two equations,2 weAget A A0

2 Continuity equation tells us A0 vv2 =vAv 2gh 0 0

... the volume flow v0 per second here.

(2)(9.8 m/s2)(0.045 A (1.2 cm2)2

From Eq. 14-24, the volume ow ra RV

A0v0 (1.2 cm2 34 cm3/s.

Additional examples, video, and practice available at WileyP