13 The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis Assessment Problems AP 13.1 [a] Y =a+ 1 c= Oe + O/RO Is + (/Le) 1 10° 1_y RO = Bony 0025 = 80,000; 7G = 25 10° 25 x 10-%(s? + 80,0005 + 25 x 10°) [b] 212 = —40,000 + VI6 x 10% = 25 x 105 —m = —40,000 — 30,000 rad/s ‘Therefore Y= —40,000 + 730,000 rad/s 2, = —40,000 + 530,000 rad/s px =0 rad/s 4x 10's 5? + 80,0005 + 25 x 10° _ 2000(s? +10°s +25 x 108) ___2000(s + 50,000)? ~ 38+ 80,0008 + 25 x 105s? + 80,000s + 25 x 10° [b] -a = —50,000 rad/s AP 13.2 [a] Z = 2000 +3 = = 200+ —pi = —40,000 — 530,000 rad/s —pa = —40,000 + 730,000 rad/s 13-4113-2 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis AP 13.3 [a] Att=0-, 0.2m = (0.8); = v1 + vp = 100V Therefore v4(0-) = 80V = v4(0*); v(07) = 20V = »A(0") 19K + Me satis OE T vy yy soo - a0/sC r + z 5kQ OCU] v2 1.25xt0/s V2 20/s@) i (80/s) + (20/s) 20 x 10" * 5000 + [(5 x 108)/s] + (1.25 x 10%/s) 5 + 1250 y,-2 5x 10° (20x10) 80 s+ 1250) s+ 1250 Vp = 20 _ 125 x 10° 20 x 10-* 20 os 3 s+ 1250) ~ s+1250 [b] i= 20e7"u(t)mA; vy, = 8007 7™*ul(t) V vy = 2027 u(t) V AP 13.4 [a] RO sta Sr++ vadeC avsca [= Vae/'s Vac/ Le “ R+ sL+(1/sC) 5? + (R/L)s + (1/LC) Vac _ 49; pe = 40; Te7h0 40 CUM COG (8 +06 — j0.8)(s +064 j0.8) s+0.6—j08 " s+0.6+j0.8 Ky ay —j25 = 25/- 90°; Kf = 25/90" ~ jeProblems 13-3 {b] i = 50e~ cos(0.8¢ — 90°) = [50e~°* sin 0.8¢]u(t) A 160s +06 —JO8)(s +06 + 70.8) —h _,__Ki_ 3406-708" 5+06+j08 fe] V=sLI= 160(—0.6 + 70.8) jlé [a] v(t) = [200e~ cos(0.8¢ + 36.87°)]u(t) V K= = 100/36.87° AP 13.5 [a] sa as 8/9) UsTV, v, 232 © s/s MY vs d 4,4 Mi Ve ‘Gs/e) Solving for Vi and Vp yields ye 5(s +3) Ve 2.5(s? + 6) 8(s? + 2.58 + 1)’ 3(s? + 2.58 +1) {b] The partial fraction expansions of V; and V3 are It follows that Tag e054 Beet) ay nid) = [15 ott + Be i ()V and vo(t) = fis — 225_-o5e 4 25-21 a ald) = [15 Bet 4 2 Jue +) = 15 — 2048 le] o(0") = 15-2 43 =0 +) tp 2 4 Be w(0*) = 15 - 22 4 P = 25V [d] »,(00) =15V;— v9(00) = 15V1B AP 13.6 [a] {b] CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis 2/8 i—— o +e 20/8 With no load across terminals a—b V, = 20/s: + 2 Ven] 3+ pa? —Vru] =0 2 20(s + 2.4) therefore Vin = Toy 2/30 -— Ve =5Ip and Zp, = ve Ir Solving for Ir gives Fee eon) i 8 Vp 6p Therefore Llp = Vps +5slr-+2Vr; therefore Zr 5e+28) r 20 y, 30 t- ff Ven __-20(s +24) Zm+2+5 3(s+3)(s +6)Problems 13-5 AP 13.7 [a] ig = 1.25e* — 1.25e"; therefore diy _ Therefore F2=0 when 1.25e* = 3.75e* or e%=3, ¢ \5(In 3) = 549.31 ms ig(max) = 1.25[e7°49 — e949) = 481.13 mA [b] From Eqs. 13.68 and 13.69, we have A= 12(s? +48 +3) =12(s+1)(s+3) and N; = 60(s+2) Therefore 1, = Nt = ee a ‘A partial fraction expansion leads to the expression 25 | 25 = salt a4 ‘Therefore we get dle* +e Ju(t) A qh diy get ygp-sy, — Hin(0.54931) [] Gea -25let+8e%];, ST = -2.89/s {d] When #2 is at its peak value, dig dt ‘Therefore 12($2) =0 and a=-(4) (3) [e] ia(max) = — = 481.13mA (checks) AP 13.88 [a] The s-domain circuit with the voltage source acting alone is 20 20/8 1.25, vi 7 20/s (20/8), Vi | V's 213-6 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis fe 200 100/3 _ 100/3 GFHEFH) 5+2° st8 v= 100. ze ()V [b] With the current source acting alone, 2n a.zssf vt 720/3 s/s vey vis ae 100 50/3 _ 50/3 GFHC+8) s+2 548 —e u(t) V Vo _ 10(s +2) therefore 7? =H) = F354 10 =-2rad/s, —pr=—1+j3rad/s; | —pp = -1— j8 rad/s 10(s +2) ym Ki +2s+10 5s 8 st1—j8° s+14+j3 > Ky = 5/3/=126.87; Ky = 5/3/126.87° v9 = [2+ (10/3)e~* cos(3t — 126.87°)]u(t) V _ _10(s +2) Ky KS 1b) Vo= Sy 25410 341-98 * 541438 Ky =5.27/= 18438; Kp = 5.27/18.43° Up = [10.54e* cos(3t — 18.43°)}u(t) VProblems 13-7 AP 13.11 [a] H(s) = L{R(t)} = L{volt)} va(t) = 10,000cos de-™* cos 240t — 10,000 sin Be~™ sin 240¢ = 9600e-™ cos 240¢ — 2800e- sin 240¢ __9600(s +70) 2800(240) Therefore H(s) = rq) + (4)? ~ (6+ 70)? + (240 _ 9600s ~ 38-1408 + 62,500 1 9600 Ub] Vole) = H(8) “5 = Se Ta0s + 62,500 _ Ki in Ke ~ 3470 — 7240 © s+ 70+ 7240 9600 5 ° Ka = F9g9 = 920 = 20. 90° Therefore volt) = [40e~7* cos(240¢ — 90°)ju(t) V = [40e-™ sin 2404]u(t) V AP 13.12 From Assessment Problem 13.9: _10(s +2) _ HO) Beas 10 10(2+ 44) nga yao e ne .47/ — 63.43 Therefore HA) = Fy agp gg = f= 8 ‘Thus, vp = (10)(4.47) cos(4t — 63.43°) = 44.7 cos(4t — 63.43°) V AP 13.13 [a] Let Ry=10kQ, R,=50kQ, C=400pF, RC =2x 10% -y-— om then = Ve= Be 50) M-Vo +o therefore Vp =2Vi ~ Vy Now solving for Vo/Vp, we get H(s)13-8 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis It follows that (50,000) = eat = jl =1/90° ‘Therefore v, = 10.cos(50,000t + 90°) V i 5 Pel [b] Replacing Ry by Ry gives us H(s) = FG ay ‘Therefore ep ony _, 320 10-8Re 1 _ Re +.450,000 (350,000) = 595 10-8R, +1 ~ ‘Re ~ 750,000 Thus, 50,000 “q_7 tan60? = 1.7321, Re = 28,867,510Problems 13-9 Problems P 13.1 P 132 P 133 P 134 PBS P 136 Fecy, = IN = Zn = sk ‘Therefore, the Norton equivalent is the same as the circuit in Fig. 13.4. 1 ft 1 ve Ty i= fi vdrt ty; therefore t=(2)(4)+ 2 Ve 1 5 San Vin = Vas = O¥o(% fa) Zo Rear 2, = HO * (B/D + (EO) sC 8 5[s? + 2000s + 107) 3 {b] 812 = 1000 + V10° — 10" = —1000 + j3000 rad/s Zeros at 1000 + j3000 rad/s and —1000 — 78000 rad/s Pole at 0. 2 tg oc = Ltt O/RO)s + (ULC) SL A 3/C _ 25 x 108s + (I/RC)s + (1/LC) ~~ s? + 50008-+ 4 x 108 [b] zero at 2 =0 poles at —p; = —1000 rad/s and —p, = —4000 rad/s fal Y= fal 2—> asc sb _ (Rt sb)(1/sC) (1/C)(s + R/L) ~ R¥sL+(1/sC) 3?+(R/L)s + (1/LC) R_ 1000 110° E75 72% Feng 7 OXI _ 2.5 x 10°(s + 2000) ~~ 8? + 20008 + 5 x 10° N13-10 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis [b] 1,2 = —1000 + V10® — 5 x 10% = —1000 + 52000 = 2.5 x 10%(s + 2000) ~~ (s+ 1000 — j2000)(s + 1000 + 72000) —2, = —2000 rad/s; —p; = —1000 + j2000 rad/s —p2 = —1000 — j2000 rad/s P 13.7 Transform the Y-connection of the two resistors and the inductor into the equivalent delta-connection: a ~ vs ay a 1s “XN a )+ G(s) + (WO) _ 2841 4 s (+O) + OW _», 1 +1 ‘Then Zan = Zall{(1/s||Z) + (1/sll2o)] = Zall2(1/s|120) +1 1 pee ee [s\20= Ty 9gb1~ Beto d aD (2 ) feces!) 8 2s? +541 _ 2(2s +1)? _2 * Qs+1)Qs?+s+1)4+2sQs+1) s+1 No zeros; one pole at —1 rad/s.Problems 13-11 P138 %=0.5s + 200s) _ f+ 25s +100 (2+ 50/s) ‘2s +50 Ygu dp 2880 _ 9? + 755-4 1350 95 T2554 100 25(s? + 255+ 100 Z. 25(s?+25s+100) _ 25(s + 5)(s + 20) ab = ee = ae FB) s+ 758+ 1350 — (s+30)(s+ 45) Zeros at —5 rad/s and —20 rad/s; poles at —30 rad/s and —45 rad/s. P139 [a] Fort>0: 29900 + y, o.es$ isxi0% 0.85 20000 a v,L0.8x10° sexo ~s- bi y= 2 10-*(0.8/s) x 10° ° 0.85 + 2000 + (0.8 x 10%)/s _ 9600 ~ 0.88? + 2000s + 0.8 x 10° _ = 12,000 ~ s? + 2500s + 108 12,000 Ki Ky [e] Vo= BF 500)(5-+ 2000) ~ 5+ 500 * 54-2000 Ki, =-8; Kk, =8 -8 8 5500 * 5+ 2000 volt) = (—8e7™ + 8e-7Vu(t) V Vo=13-12 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis P 13.10 [a] Fort <0: = vo" mI 10kQ 12.5k0: vy £50K0 fifo) eee R125" 50 vy = —20(5) = —100V 00 +z Re. =5kQ (07) = x 10-9 = -10mA ve (07) = —v1 = 100V For t = 0+ 10k s-domain circuit: Th, ye) stt p/s@ vy J | where R=10KQ; C=10nF; y= 100V; L=4H; and = p=10mA Vo Vo Pp fb] B+ VosC -10+ F-F=0 as + (e/¥C)| 3? + (1/RC)s + (1/EC) 2 10 x 10-8 100)(10)10°Problems 13-13 1 _ 10° Ro = ip" 1 _ 10° Fe = a =x 100(s + 10°) 0 P+ 108s + 25 x 108 Vo _p _Vo 10x 10% id a= : ae 25(s + 104) _ 107? _ -0.01(5 + 7500) L= S24 10% 425x108) 8 ~~~ (8 + 5000)? a 100(s + 104) id] 8? + 104s + 25 x 10% _ 100(s + 104) Ky ky ~ e+ S000? ~ (+ 50002 * 545000 K, = 100(5000) = 5 x 10° Kk é [100(s + 10,000)],_ 5009 = 100 5x 10° 40 (6+ 50007 * 5+ 5000 U9 = [5 x 10°te + 1002" u(t) V 0.01(s + 7500) (s+ 5000): Vo, lel Ka= Sino (01(s + 7500)].so00 = —0.01 i x 10% =25,000 10 +5000)? — s-+5000 [25,0002 + 10}e'u(t) mA13414 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis P 13.11 Fort <0: aK asov G I 15k 2 vfo-B 10K0 i40)| v (0) +150 , vo(0-) , vol") _ 9 4000 15,000 * 10,000 ~ . v9(0") = -90V; Fort >0 ss} soxa0f, + 30x10 © 10kNSv, 15kq: = — G0/s Vo - 30x 10° | Vo, (Vo +90/s)s 5s + 15,000” 108” 50x 108 30(1000 — 3s) 3? 8000s + 25 x 10° _ 30(1000 ~ 3s) ~ (BF 4000 — 73000)(s + 4000 + 73000) K= ee 9000) — 79,06 /-—124.70°V vo(t) = 158.1164" cos(3000t — 124.70°)u(t) V Check: v9(0) = 158.11 cos(—124,70°) = -90VProblems 13-15 P 13.12 [a] For t > 0: ¥ [t al 23 sone 7% ; + T5ne 32snF200nF Tv, Y | 1 v1 =75— v6; 50v9 = 200(75 — v0); “v= 60V; 1 =15V zoxiont * 6.25k0 s a 60/2 6] - 1, sxiop 3 0.253 15/s© bb 75/8 _ 300 ° (25 x 108/s) + 6250+ 0.258 s* + 25,0008 + 10° 300 _ 20x 10 20x 1078 = (+ 5000)(s-+ 20,000) s+ 5000 5+ 20,000 fio(t) = (20€7 5 — 206" Ju(t) mA fe} vp = 2 20108 300 os 5+ 5000)(5 + 20,000) s 60 foo 0,0 8 +5000 © s+ 20,000. 80 —20 = 555000 * 5+ 20,000 v9(t) = (802% — 20e770)u(t) V13-16 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis P 13.13 [a] Fort <0: 1009 1000 400 + 109 150/s 0.00280 v, s 2x10 4 2xt0g 0.016 poy YatO0L , Vo=150/s__ 10+0.0025 " 40+2* 10°/5 r [ 1 s | _ 1500.01 ° 110 + 0.0025 " 40s+2% 105} 40s+2% 10° 10 + 0.002s =50(s-+5000) _ ———50(s +5000) ~ F¥ 25,0008 +108 ~ (s+ 5000)(s + 20,000) VeProblems 13-17 P 13.14 [a] i,(0°) =@(0*) = 5A, down v0(0-) = ve(0*) = 0 5s v, £0.007559 #200 me son _VilSs) | Va _ (2508-4108 = Toe + 50 = sox io") VotWg=Vii Vor 2 =Viz -. 0.6Vi = Vo Vo, Vo, 2508 + 10° 20 * dors * 30x 108 w. (8? + 10,0008 + 16 x 10°)V, = -6 x 10° —6 x 10° Ki Ky {b] Vo = (=000)(s-+ 8000) ~ (+8000) * (s+ 2000) volt) = [1002-8 — 1006"? u(t) V P 13.15 [a] 2005 400 sas —, at Myr 1014 oo2v,, -13-18 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis _[Mo=10%], 1 _ (5/s)-Va Va= [; + aa] 5 Solving for V, yields: 3874+ 258+ 500 _ 37+ 25s + 500 2425s+100) s(s-+5)(s+ 20) 3s? +258 + 500 (+5)(E+20 lo 35? + 25s +500 Fa = 5420 |e Ky = 357 #258 +500 8 s(s +5 5 —6 + 4 5° S457 5+20 - Vo *. volt) = [5 — 6e™ + 4e-™*Ju(t) V [b] Att=0r = =5-6+4=3V 400 ° +*%o Jor, s/s Uy v, Vo = Ua + 10ig 5=% is (5 =v) 40 1.250, — 1.25 = va vw —5 40 v= 5 +080, =0 . te = 0 +10! = 0a + 1.25 — 0.250, +0.020, =0 vy 5+%—1=0 so %=3V(checks)Problems 13-19 At t =o, the circuit is s/s From the equation for v(t), ¥9(00) = 5 V. From the circuit, i =0 v9 = 5 V(checks) wae P 13.16 [a] Fort <0: so T a sax) 3002 vo) pizoy Tayo ve(0R) , vo(O=) — 120 _ 124+ 0 + 50 0 8uc(0") = 2160; ve (0™ -)_ 270-120, i(07) = = 3a 400 , 210/31 S120/s 0.0259 0,0613-20 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis (270/s) + 0.06 — (120/s) 40 + 0.025 + (1075s) 3(s +2500) + 20008 + 107 3(s + 2500) (+ 1000 — 73000)(s + 1000 + 73000) _ 3(1500+ 73000) 9. ey, = 6000 = 0.75V5/ = 26.57 (b] = [e] in(t) = 3.351 cos(3000t — 26.57°) u(t) A P1317 1.69 . as/s@ + & V, {0.280 oe 1645/3 1 4% + O95 5/s_y,__ Ve 645/ Tés+5 15 Ms QV, SMe 16s+5 1L6s+5 s = y, [ele 2)+ 511.65 +5) ~ 's(1.6s +5) 15(1.6s + 5) = Va(s? + 10s + 25) _15(.68+5) Ki Ky Vo —eee Greet at8 Ky, =15(-84+5)=—45; Ky =24 eee (45P 555 volt) = [—45te~ + 24e-Ju(t) VProblems P 13.18 v¢(0-) = ue(0") =0 Find the Thévenin equivalent with respect to the capacitor: smaQ) 20k02 200k02 Ys, om 20,000 . Orn = —50V f= —5mA; Ray = 10K0. 10k0) + 50 oon! Ye =50/s 107 Vo= To000+ (075) = _ -50x 10° =50 | 50 ~ s(s+1000) ss +1000 v(t) = [-50 + 50e~ u(t) V P 13.19 [a] i,(0-) = 2 x10 =12mA=p wecsor | dlp 40/9 Yo su . (/sc)13-22 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis 48(s + R/L) ~ p/C #4 (R/L)s + (/LC) When the numerical values are substituted we get a 48(s + 4875) © (s + 4000 — 73000)(s + 4000 + 73000) 48(875 + 53000) sp ogo Ky Sepeg = 25/= 18.28 vo(t) = 50e~ 1° cos(3000t — 16.26°)u(t) V Check: v9(0*) = 50.cos(—16.26°) = 48 V, which agrees with the fact that the initial capacitor voltage is zero. bh p= —A8/st eb __ pls + (48/06) °" Re sL+(1/sC) s+ (R/L)s + (1/LC) 5(s +8000) 3000) (5 -F 4000 + 73000) K,=2% 10~5(4000 + 73000) _ 8 /_53.19° 1 75000 10 x 10°/ = 53.13 in(t) = 202 cos(3000t — 53.13°)u(t) mA P 13.20 ° 15000 0.180 + 30/8 © sadisd v, . (30/s)(5 x 10°/s) 1500 + 0.15 + (5 x 108/s) 1500 x 10° (5? + 15,0005 + 50 x 108) 1500 x 10° ~ s(s + 5000)(s + 10,000) Ky Ka s 8+5000 Ks s+ 10,000 1500 x 10° ¥5 = 5 00)(10,000) 30Problems — 13-23 1500 x 10° Ka= Tapoay(s000) = °° Ky= 1500 10° 30 (=5000)(—10,000) ~ 0 s +5000 © s+ 10,000 vo(t) = [30 — 60e* + 30e-1°Ju(t) V_ P 13.21 Since we already have the solution for v(t) when the initial voltage is zero, we will use superposition to determine the contribution of the initial voltage of —20V. Vor = output when 7 =0 Via = output when y = —20V —w—— 15000 o18a + sis I axi0™* Veo Veas Va 6, Va fin (10+ S108 * 1500-4 O18 Va —20(s + 15,000) ~ FH 15,0005 + 50 x 105 -—_,_ _ © s+5000 " s+ 10,000 Key = ~20(10.000) _ Von13-24 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis From the solution to Problem 13.20we have 300,80 = 5+5000 * 5+ 10,000 Va = uo(t) = [30 — 100e- + 50e~1-™Ju(t) V P 13.22 [a] + R © i nt ae 1, te st se % Ve =-__4/e__ ° ‘s? + (R/L)s + (1/LC) ty G ae L v. 3x 10° © = BP 14,0008 + 625 x 108 3x 108s 1] 80 = Sy Ta 00s + 605 x 105 lim sVe=0; ©. vo(00) =0 lim s¥.=0; ©. »(0*)=0Problems 13-25 81,9 = —7000 + V49 x 108 — 625 x 108 = —7000 + 24,000 rad/s 3,000,000 (s+ 7000 — 24,000)(s + 7000 + 724,000) Vo= 62.5 = 62.5/— 90° Up = 125e~7 cos(24,000t — 90°) = [125e-7™ sin 24,0004]u(t) V In Vo P1323 Io= 2 — coeeurt 2p Bh rs «#8 | (6 7000 — j24,000)(s + 7000 + 524,000) 96x18 KT aS ‘s(s-F 7000 — j24,000)(s + 7000 + 724,000) Ky s+ 7000 + 524,000 6x 108 625 x 108 K= 9.6 x 10-* 6 x 10° (7000 + 524,000)(748,000) 6 © CT 724)G48) Ky= =5 x 1073/163.74° -3 Ig = 28X10 _ _ [__=5/163.74° ~ [s+ 7000 — 724,000 _5/= 16.269 8+ 7000 ~ 524,000 + congugate | x 10-8 + congugate ] x10 fic = We cos(24,000¢ — 16.26°)u(t) mA. Cheek: ic(0*) = 10cos(—16.26°) = 9.6mA (ok) ie(cc) = 0 (ok)13-26 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis P 13.24 fal pa * | a0” “ee sors SI wet Fd ao ios} ov, [2.55 20k0 —>1, *|20x10° vs 280/s(*) a 4aox20° vz Se pb] n= 80/s _4x10-% 1 30,000 + (100 x 10%/s) s+ 5000 _ 4x10 20x 10° _ 80,000 35450008 —-s(s + 5000) yp = 4X10 80x 10° _ _ 320,000 2s +5000 ss _ s(s-+ 5000) in (t) = 4e7 u(t) mA. 16 16 Ma span! = (16 ~ 16 )ult) V 6464 M=—-sa500 | (B= (64 — 64e°™ u(t) V [a] (0+) =4mA, y+) = 89 19-3 (0) = 55 x 10-* = AmA (checks) n(0*) 0(0*) = O(checks)Problems 13-27 v4(00) =16V; _v3(00) = 64 V(checks) v1 (00) + v2(00) = 80 V(checks) (50 x 10-®)v(00) = 800nC (12.5 x 10-*)u9(00) = 800 nC (checks) < 50,000 P 13.25 [al Vy= Taye 4000 —, + so, 000 Me (51303 ‘ L 50,000 _ 10,000 ° (s+ 30)2(5s +400) (s +30)°(s + 80) 50,0008 Vo = Selo = (5 30)%(3 + 80) mk Ky Ks {b] lo= ya + 530 * s+ 80 10,000 Ky = Jy = 200 d_ £10,000" Ka= 5 lor B lem 10,000 _ = Coop = 4 a 200 4 4 (e+ 30)? 5430 * 5480 ig(t) = [200te~* — 4e~9 + 4e“™™"Ju(t) A. =m Ks ~ (s+30)? " s+30 " s+80 Vo 30,000 = 2 [poms] ~ dsl s+80J.—s0 = 1600 —1600 ‘v9(t) = [-30,000te + 1600e~%* — 1600e-**Ju(t) V13-28 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis 4k 21k P 13.26 [a] 300/s@, v,£ 0.0889 ee 2.5Ve Vos s 21,000s-+2 x 108 12(218 + 20 x 104) Ky Ka = [+ 10,000)(s + 40,000) ~ s+ 10,000 * s+ 40,000 Ko = 256 _ 4 256 s+ 10,000 ” s+ 40,000 volt) = (25624000 — 4e-19.)u(t) V Vo__ 12.5¥, 0.085 ~~ s _ 150218 +20 104) Ki KK = S(@-+ 10,000)(s + 40,000) ~~» * s+ 10,000 * s+40,000 K,=75x10; Ky =5x 10%; Ky = -80 x 10% x OR [b] 1 g(t) = (75 + Be 10 — 804 u(t) mA [c] At t= 0* the circuit is 4k 2kQ af aoov C go") “TL . 26(0*) = Man) = 252; i,(0*) Both values agree with our solutions for v, and iy.P 13.27 [al Problems — 13-29 At t = oo the circuit is 4K 21k. sov@ of Both values agree with our solutions for v, and ig. 400 “> 1080 20s s/s 15/8 2200 1, ©é0/s 401 + 2 h — Ia) + 108(t, — 15/8) = 0 20(In — 15/8) + 2 -1)+2=0 or (s? + 48 + 2)h, — 2h = lis ht (s+)h=12 SP 4de+2) —2 ) (8 + 2)(s +3) -1 (s+1) 15s 2 = 15s? + 158-424 12 (s+1)13-30 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis Ny _ 15s? + 155 +24 N= A> S64 D643) (s? +48 +2) 15s > 128? + 635-424 -1 12 1p — No _ Vest + 689 +24 2D s(s+2)(s+3) 5s? + 15s + 24 1) sh = Cyne +3) dimsh =15 *. i(0*)=15A limsh=4 — . is(00)=4A sh= 128? + 638+ 24 rs 4 2)(s +3) Jimsh=12 ©. (04) =A limshp=4 ©. ig(00)=4A 27 38 Wm 5- spat aya in(t) = (4— 27° + 38e-*) nat, 29 g(t) = (4+ 27e7* — 19e- u(t) A P 13.28 [al 250s 2 +My - 100 102) 15/3 oe 550 Y-/s UV, v-w 7 +207 10 Ve, Va-Vi , Ve 75/s)3 _ js* 10 * 20 0Problems 13-31 ‘Thus, BY - Ve —25sV; + (s? + 25s + 50)V2 = 758 a=|> > = 5(s + 5)(s+ 10) 25s 8? + 258 + 50 375(s + 10) y,- Ne _ 8756 +10)__ 75. 2K 5(e+5)(s+10) s+5 75 375 s(5+5) [b] v9(t) = (75 — 75e*)u(t) V ig(t) = (3 — 3e*)u(t) A [ce] At t= 0* the circuit is ee + vga") - 100) 100 2 . mw © aoa . igo") io(0*)=0 Checks13-32 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis At t = 00 the circuit is (0) ‘ton ‘ion mv 200 75 20 1v9(00) = 75V5 Tra HFA Cheds P 13.29 [a] Vp/4 iS 100 4 | 20s) 4 600/sC, Vy 7 10/80 vz 1400 205) Simplfying, (2s? + 2s + 1)Vg — Vo = 1200 (85s — 7)Ve + (8 +7)Vo=0 2s? 2841-1 wees 29(s? + 8s +25) 358-7 s+7 2s? +25 +1 1200 2 = —42,0008 + 8400 35s —7 0 1,0008 + 4200 _ —4200(5s — 1) A s(s? + 88+ 25) 5)Problems 13-33 [c] At ¢=0* the circuit is oe * 34 460 + soov © 1400 3 vgo")=0 checks) At t = 00 the cirenit is Ve/4 eS 100 4 4 ar , soov C vi v,(~) “ey 1400 FY. Vs — 600 10 Ve = 168V =V(00) (checks) 21,0005-+4200_ Ky | Ko Ky w(s? 88425) 8 "844-8 stat 78 200 p= 188 21,000(—4 + 73) + 4200 (-4+ j3)(36) vo(t) = [168 + 7225.95e~ cos(3t + 91.33°)]u(t) V Check: v,(04)=0V; —vo(o0) = 168V P 13.30 [al 4Q —84 + 3612 = 3612.98/91.33° ' 3 yD 208Vv, 15/s Mi=Vo , Vi - (15/s) 3 4 °13-34 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis (15/3) _ “says 8 Simplfying, (5-+4)V, — AV, = 27 (#? +5+2)V,— 2, = 15s +40 3-4 . s(8 +2)(8 +3) -2 4542 +4 27 . = 15s? + 60s + 54 -2 15s vy, a Ne _ We + 008+ 54K | Ke eB s(s+2)(s+3) 8 | st2 60 ~ 120 +54 Ky K,=——.__ =3 BB) A) Ky = 385180454 _ 9,3 3 ot ea teas [b] vo(t) = (9 + 3e + 3e~)u(t) V [e] At t=O": 4n o + snp 22 v0") Dasv v9(0*) = 15 V(checks)Problems 13-35 At £ = 00: 40 an 202 v=) sv P 13.31 {al 500 2 + On — 1) + 50h ~ 4/8) =0 10, — 4/5) + My - 4) + 50h =0 Simplifying, (s+ 4)h-2h=4 -2h+(s+4b= : (s+4) -2 —2 (s+4) 8? +88 +12 = (s+2)(s+6)13-36 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis | 4 -2 |_4s%416s+16 _ 4(9 +2)? 8/s (s+ 4) s 5 aM MoH 2P AG +2) _ 4/3, 8/8 1D s(s+2)(s+6) s(s+6) 5 5+6 (s+4) 4|_ 165432 _ 16(s+2) No= yea ea -2 8/8 8 8 ,-M-_16e+2) 688/888 2D s(s+2)(s+6) s(s+6) 5 st6 4/3 | 8/3 “st e46 4, _ 8/3 8/3 SS arr] [b] i, (€) = (4/3)(1 + 2e-*)u(t) A ig(t) = (8/3)(1 — u(t) A 100 s00 (408 s) —(2+—5 = \s s+6 le] Mi= _ 400/3 , 800/3 _ 400/3 , 400/9 _ 400/9 eo s(s+6) 8? s st6 = 100, p) = 100 (4/3 _ 10/8 a Pa (BG _ 400/3 _ 1600/3 _ 400/3 _ 800/9 | 800/9 “2 s(s+6) 3 8+6 _ 100 _ 100 (4/3 | 8/3 Yew Beale 1) 2 (BR _ 400/3 , 00/3 _ 400/3 , 400/9 _ 400/9 “st s(s+6) Ss? s s+6 [d] v,(¢) = (400/9)(3t + 1 — e“™)u(t) V ‘up(t) = (400/9)(3t — 2+ 2e- u(t) V ‘uc(t) = (400/9)(3t + 1 — e™)u(t) VProblems 13-37 {e] Calculating the time when a capacitor’s voltage drop first reaches 1000 V: For v(t) or ve(t) 100 (5) =B8+1—e = 225 Bee = 215 17s For v(t) Bt- 24 2e = 22.5 Bt+ 2e-™ = 24.5 t=8.17s ‘Thus, the capacitors whose voltage drops are designated v, and v- will break down first, at a time of 7.178. P 13.32 [a] 5 201g + 285(Iy— Ip) + 25([— hh) =0 25s(Ip — I.) + 2, + 5h +25(h — 1,) =0 100 100 Ib-has hal Simplifying, (-5s — 1) + (55+ 5)Io = 500/s (5s? + 6s + 10)Iy + (—5s? — 5s), = 600 -Ss-1 5845 | = -25(s? + 35-+2) 5s? + 6s + 10 —5s? — 5813-38 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis —5s—1 —500/s 5s?+6s+10 600 (s? — 4.85 — 10) {b] i,(0*) = Jim sf, =20A —200 f(oo) = ling fo = ae =100A [e] At t=0* the circuit is 40") 5a ig+5h=0; Ib—h=100 21g + 5(Ig— 100) =0; 2524 = 500 Ig = I.(0*) = 20 A(checks) At t+ 00 the circuit is Ee I,(00) = -100 A(checks)Problems 13-39 {a} 1p = 20 = 960= 200 _ Ki, Ka, Ko ° “s(s + 1)(s + 2) 3s stl s+2 —200 20 + 96 — 200 K, =—— =-100; Ky = tO = 84 ‘He 2 EDO = 36 36 s+2 ig(t) = (—100 + 84e~ + 36e-*Ju(t) A. io(00) = —100 A (checks) io(0*) = —100 + 84 + 36 = 20 A (checks) P 13.33 ve = 12x 10%te OV, C=5yF; _ therefore Ge) — 50008) A ig >0 when 1>5000t or ic>0 when 0200ps ic =0 when 1—5000f=0, or t= 200s Be = 12 x 10%e-*{1 — 50004) _ ee ig =0 when dt 0 P 13.34 [a] The s- domain equivalent circuit is sO 2 S31 1 iA V,/L Vin(w cos ¢ + 8 sind) R+sk s+ (R/L)’ rear13-40 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis Ki oie = Valwtcosg Raina), _ ald == Ms) ~ R471? , 1 OV RE PL? where tan 0(w) = wL/R. Therefore, we have Ko Vin/o Vin Therefore T= Te TDi) ~ VRE rE A ‘Therefore iss Vn___ sinjut + — 0(«)] VED [e] The transient component vanishes when wLoos¢=Rsing or tang= 2 or =v) P 13.35 25000 75002 5 gr 50/s@ 125x150 80 * $ m= 50/s 1,25 x 10° _ 25,000 2500-4 (1.25 x 10°/s) 8 s(s-+ 500) a Zn = 7500+ 2500(1.25 x 10°/s) _ 7500s +5 x 10 2500 + (1.25 x 108/s) s+ 500Problems 13-41 |_____»_ __ _25,000/s(s + 500) ~ 7500s +5 x 10° 2+ ee 5s 5000 _ 5000 ‘s(s? + 2000s + 108) s(s + 1000)? Ky Ko Ks = "5 + e100" * +1000 - _ 5000 a Ky = Fp = 5x10 5000 = 5 3 = [Fogo = 75000 x 10 Ky =-5 x 10% 1000 $9 a(t) = [5 — 5000te~1 — 5e1Ju(t) mA, P 13.36 [a] 1369 -s sQ 24k 5kQ + 1.589) Se = 136, — sh + 1.58(h — be) 0 =1.55(Ip — hh) + L1shz + 5000/2 Simplifying, SA = (055+ 130)h,— L55h 0 = -L5sh + (12.58 + 5000),13-42 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis 0.584136 —1.5s | -15s 12.55 + 5000) 4(s + 200)(s + 850) 88.4/s 15s 0 12.58 +5000 1105(s + 400) ~~ s 1, — Ni _ _276.25(s + 400) 1°" © s(8+ 200)(s + 850) _ _276.25(s + 400) ~ (s+ 200)(s + 850) limy sf = iy (00) = 650 mA [b] sh Jim sh = ix(0) =0 “Kh, Km , K el n=" + S200 + 54 850 Ky, = 650x107; Ky =-425x 10°; Ky = -225 x 107% y(t) = (650 — 425e- — 225e-®*)u(t) mA. P 13.37 [a] From the solution to Problem 13.36 we have |0.59-+ 136 88.4/s| =| | 15s 0 = 132.6 . 132.6 33.15, © 4(s-+ 200)(s +850) ~ (+ 200)(s + 850) _ dLx10% 51x 10-* ~s¥200 ~ 5 +850 ig(t) = (51e-7 — 51e- u(t) mA b [b] Reversing the dot on the 12.5 H coil will reverse the sign of M, thus the cirenit becomes 1362 229 4sQ 5kQ. -1.58Q q, L a! ‘The two simnlanteous equations are be = (136 +0.5s)h + 1.5slyProblems — 13-43 0 = 15sh + (12.58 + 5000)Ip ‘When these equations are compared to those derived in Problem 13.39 we see the only difference is the algebraic sign of the 1.5s term. Thus reversing the dot will have no effect on J; and will reverse the sign of J. Hence, ig(t) = (—51e~7 + 51e“™" u(t) mA 1 1 P 13.38 [a] w= hit + lait + Mixin (40)(9) + (00) + 30(0] x 10-8 = 540m3 [b] The s-domain circuit: 0.03v 9.018] o.12v 0.0680 0.0382 e000 ~) ~) 13500 2)0.15V (600 + 0.048) ~ 0.03512 = 0.18 0.0381; + (0.098 + 1350).y = —0.27 aq |0.04(s+ 15,000) —0.038 | | 0.038 0.09(s + 15,000) | = 27 x 10-4(s + 10,000)(s + 30,000) 018 — -0.03s 4 = = 81 x 10-"(s + 30,000) 0.27 0.09(s + 15,000) M 3 nA aa 0.04(s + 15,000) 0.18 Ny =|? ) —54 x 10-*(s + 30,000) 008s -0.27 n=% [ec] a(t) = Belt) A; g(t) = —2e 1. (t) A.13-44 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis [d} Pooon = (600)(9e-7°°) = 54006" 790 W Pusson = (1350)(4e2°*) — 5400¢- 20" Wy 5400 w00 = “5G * 10-* = 270m) 5400 2 wis90 = “pg X 10° = 270md wr = 540 mJ [e] With the dot reversed, w= phi + pla — Mixiz = 180 + 180 — 180 = 180mJ ‘The s-domain equivalent c 0.21v 0.078] 0.24v 0.1289 ~) 13500 -0.038Q 0.15V Solving for fy and Ip yields = 3 . - -2 ~ s+30,000" 25+ 30,000 y(t) = Beat) A; g(t) = —2e 89. (t) A. Lh wean = 5400 [~ eM at = 90m wisi = 5400 J 6° dt = 90m f wp = 180mJ P 13.39 [a] s-domain equivalent cireuit is 20 aw 432 ror1 (b] : =8h+s(h+h) 0 14 s(I2+ hh) +4sh—4+ 24h or 8 stl=(6+8)h+sh 5=sht(5s+24)b Problems 13-45 A | nae e0 s 5s+24| M haze | p= [Pt8 C41) _ 4g) s 5 | 1 s+8 2 (e+ ae + 12) _ sls +8) (ol so By ie+ 3) Jim shh = #:(0") = 14 lim sa = in(00) = 0 _h Kh Wl b= Ta+s4R _ ay. 12 1/2 Kaa Kaa 1/2 s44* 5412 in(t) = df 4 ult) A P 13.40 For t <0: 5a — 160 7513-46 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis For #> 0+: “Tae 1Sat3oH 24H 1. 120; 2 6Q Iy+M=36+412=48H; M-I,)=12-24=~-12H 15x48 15 x 3.6 = 54 TIN 4.852 54V 3.6sQ a vot) | ney ny °° 62 12, + 4.881, — 72+ (Io — Ig)(6— 1.28) =0 (6 -1.2s)(Iz — I.) +3.6sh — 54=0 3(s+5) —(5—s) A =5 0) —(5— 5) (6 +25) aeiidans 60 —(5—s) No 75(s+7) 45 2(5 + 2.5) No 75(s +7) Diet Ie10 5 “s+1" s+10 “To g(t) = [l0e~* + Se Ju(t) A P 13.41 The s-domain equivalent circuit is + 280 502 Vi=12/s 10+ (250/s) =300(s +25) aS (s+ 25)(s? + 10s + 125) s+ 10s + 125 _ =300 ~~ (28+ 50)(s? + 10s + 125) _ =150 ~ (s+ 25)(s +5 — j10)(s +5 + 710) aK, K} ~$+25° s+5—jl0 s+5+j10 _ 150 © 625 = 250 + 125 300 x 1o-* Ky =150 - = 150V5 x 10-/63.43° = Cea GD 1505 x 10-9/63.43' Ka ig(t) = [-300e** + 300V5e™ cos(10t + 63.43°)]u(t) mA Problems 13-4713-48 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis P 13.42 [a] Voltage source acting alone: 2k 5 + 60/5 “re a0 ° Vor — 60/8 | Vans Vow 2000 2x 106 © s+ 4000 Vg, — —80;000(s + 4000) ‘1 's(8 + 2000)(s + 3000) 2KQ s 5.47 12x10 2xio/stv,, =S" aK Vv 2k + s akQ 2ul0/s FV eq eae ¥ Vins, Vor— 48/: 2x 108 4000+ 5 96 x 10° Vo = S$ 2000) 5 + 5000) _ _ 6 x 10(s + 4000) +96 x 10° Vo = Vor + Vee = 7+ 2000)(s + 3000) aM, ke Ks De] Vo = "5 + S55 2000 * 5+ 3000 56 108 52 s s+2000 s +3000 volt) = (56 — 1086"? + 526-0") u(t) V | Pisa3 A= |" al =YaYn-¥2 Yio Yoa| N= | [(V,/Rx) + ¥€ = (0/s)] Yo (Ig — 7)Problems 13-49 Substitution and simplification lead directly to Eq. 13.90. P 13.44 2850x1073 4 sk | 2sox07s | 25*0 0.4/ o Vo 13: ££ o¢ Va=0.4/s Vas 5000 250 x 10° (Vs | -V) _ 4 250 108 "25,000 ~ —10°V, s Vo(s? + 20,000s + 500 x 10°) = —20,000 =20,000 (5+ 10,000 — 720,000) (s + 10,000 + 720,000) =20,000 740,000 Ky 10.5 = 0.5/90° v9(t) = e719" cos(20,000t + 90°) = —e~ 1." sin(20,0002)u(t) V P 13.45 [a] Vo = Zz" PF 10° 108 = Te = 55500 8+ [qayiSiaor] + 8000 8000 10° 8000 oom aie am! =, (+ 2500)13-50 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis V, = 2280x108 ° (s+ 2500)(s + 5000) Ki Ke Ks 542500 * 5+ 5000 a= =40 (2500) (2500) 250 x 10° 5000)(—2500) + Volt) = (—20 + 406-70 — 20-9 u(t) V 20 + 406-7 — 20650006 Ky= -5 ". 40e- 750+ — 20 ¢- 500% = 15, Let @ = e-%. Then 40m — 20x? = 15; or a? 20 +0.75 =0 Solving, c=1405 so r=05 6250, 9,5; x 10~ = 277.26 ys [d] y=mny; Y= % =108s mm °° 8000(s + 2500)(s +5000) s? _ ~12,500m ~~ 3(s + 2500)(s + 5000) 12,500m 3 = Geo eom 7X1 —5=-mx10 "m= 5000V/sProblems 13-51 1078.0 P 13.46 [a] 20K ; 7 ¢ 15k 8/s@) 50x10/s Fv, + iid 2500 5+ 2500" Vp- Var, Ve-Vo , Ve— Val _ 80,000 * 20,000 10" (s + 6250)V, ~ (s + 5000)V, = 1250Vs1 (8 +6250)(2500) (8+ 5000)Me = ag) Van — 12500 8 Va=* __7500 x 10* (8 + 2500)(s + 5000) a_,_Ke 3+ 2500 * 5+ 5000 K, = 1500108 *** (2500)(5000) x 1o* ca 00)(2500) 7500 x 10% 43 = [5o00)(—2500) ~ ° Uo = [6 — 126-7 + Get) V [b] 6 — 126-5 4 Ger 80%% = 5; lot w= -28Me 6 — 12e +62? =5 1 2 og 4d 2+ e=013-52 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis — 5/6 = 0.0871 *, @7 2000 — 0.0871; t= 976.15 ps (4.x 10°/s)(2 x 10°) _ 4x 10°(s +3) PABAT Zi = 400,000 + 3s tax 40875) ay Zp =8x 10° Vy = —ZAty, = T8*10°(s +2) (0.18) _ -0.36(5 +2) a= ae) Za % 4x 10(s+3) 5s ‘s(5 +3) ‘The final value of vo is eo ( ~0-36(s + 2) vas) = tg (SS?) Thus, the first stage will not saturate. —0.24V Zr ~F" 10? 4x 10° 3 2n= 5555 =< Za = 50x 10 vy, = ros6ls +2) (2) _ 28.8(s +2) ° ‘3(5 +3) so) s(s+3) 192 32 32 es st3 o(t) = (19.2t + 3.2 — 3.2 )u(t) V ‘The second stage saturates when v, reaches 6.4 V. Thus 19.2t, + 3.2 — 3.2e- = 6.4; ©. 6tg—1 t, must be greater than } or 166.68 ms. Using trial and error we find te 246.28 msProblems 13-53 P 13.48 [a] Let V, be the voltage across the 0.2 uF capacitor, positive at the upper terminal and let Vj, be the voltage across the 200k resistor, positive at the upper terminal. Then Vas Va-Vy ,_ Vo 125 5x 108 ~ 400,000 * 400,000 3+257 ys —312.5 400,000 ~ 10 s(e¥25) ? Mw , Y—V): 200,000 * 307 * ~~ i0° 2s +25), ——K 2(s-+25)] [ —312.5 ] 8) _ —5000 3 s (s+ 25) (@)= 8 {b] v(t) = -2500fu(t) V [ec] The op amp will saturate when v, = —12.5V. Vo 12.5 = 25007; = = 0.005; =». = 0.071 = 71ms P 13.49 [al % aise ROLtI t= YEO 8, y= sre & R RCs 8 Vi R¥i/sC” RCs+¥1~ 5+(1/RC) 21=0, —p =~50rad/s a StR/L~ 543x10° py = ~3 x 10 rad/s R RIL 3x 10° R+sL s+(R/L) s+3x 10° =p; = —3 x 10° rad/s {(d] lel Vos 4 Wey Mem 2.5 x 108 * 105 * 25 x 10713-54 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis 8Vo + 25V. + 100V, = L00V; Vo __ 100 HO) == 55105 =p, = -125 rad/s P 13.50 [a] Let Ri =40kQ; Rp=10k0; Cy=500nF; and Cy = 250nF. Then ’y + 1/sCa)1/sCy y= Pat MsCa)U/sCy _ _(8 + V/RoC2) (Ro+ + ty) Cys (s+ G56) 1 ant 1 = 200rad/s RG Cr+Cy _ 750 10-9 _ GaOp Re ~ 1.25 < 10 ~ 800tad/s « g, = 4X 108s + 200) 7 “1 s(s+ 600) =F =40x 102 [b] —2 = —200rad/s “PA =m = —600 rad/s Psst (a) Lasaao", ‘1 62,5kQ. BkQ moProblems 13-55 10% — 62,500 —8000V,, 5 (5s + 62,500) — 4s¥, = 62,500V, Vs Hs) = Y= SF T0,000s + 125 x10" $12 = ~5000 + V5 x 10° — 125 x 10F = —5000 + 710,000 (9) = E5060 = F10,000)(s + 5000 + 710,000} {b] —p1 = —5000 + 10,000 rad/s 5000 — 710,000 rad/s z=0 P 13.52 [a] 2, = 19,000 + 1% = 10Ms + 5000) 20s s Pe 25,000 _ 250 x 10° 4 * (25,000)(4 x 10-%)s +1 ~~ s+ 10,000 Hi) = -22 25,0008 Z, ~ (6+ 5000)(s + 10,000) [b] Zero at s = Poles at —p; = —5000 rad/s and —pz = ~10,000 rad/s. P 13.53 [a] + 800,000¥% 300,000 + (16 = 10°73)13-56 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis [b] —21 = 20rad/s —20rad/s P 13.54 4sQ 8kQ 4sQ vO ~) = 12sh — 8s], = ~8sh + (128 + 8000 + 4 x 10°/38)I, 12s —8s A = 80(s + 200)(s + 1000) —8s 12s + 8000 +4 x 10°/35 | 125 Vv, No = 85V, LeNeen 88V, ° © 80(s + 200)(s + 1000) H(s)= Io O.ls ~V~ (s+ 200)(s + 1000) =p = =200 rad/s; =1000 rad/s P 13.55 [al s0x10'sProblems 13-57 _ 20 x 108s ~~ s? + 20008 + 10 x 108 60 x 10-85 Vo 9 s+ 16 x 108° 10# 2000s 5? + 2000s +10" (2000s)(60 x 10s) ;3000)(s + 1000 + 73000)(s? + 16 x 10%) 120s? 1o= + 1000 = 73000)(6 + 1000 + 73000)(6 + J4000)(s = 74000) [c] Damped sinusoid of the form Me~!* cos(3000t + 41) [d] Steady-state sinusoid of the form N cos(4000t + 02) mK, s+ 1000 — 73000 s+ 1000+ 73000 s _ 120(—1000 + 73000)? 1 * G6000)(—1000 — 71000) _ 20(—16 x 10°) ~ 8000)(1000 + 71000)(71000 + 57000) g(t) = [40e~1° cos(3000¢ + 163.74°) + 48 cos(4000¢ — 36.87°)] mA ° Vo . H(s) Ol f= G70 fe] b= K Ke = 24 x 10°*/— 36.87" Testi io(0) = 40cos(163.74°) + 48 cos(—-36.87°) = —384 + 384 = 0 _l _ 1 _ 1+ 30.75 Za 55 i —75000 ~~ 10,000 10,000 ion) ag gro = Ty jo.7s 7 800d = 868720 V_. = 1,Z = (60 x 10-*/0°)(8000/ — 36.87°) = 480/ — 36.87° V = Me =48/— 36.87? mA foes = 48.cos(4000t — 36.87°) mA (checks)13-58 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis P 13.56 [a] 1,@) 1K0ZV, J f0s0 1000(I, — Jy) + 5001, + (I, — ,)(1000) + 108%, = 0 L 100(1 — 1) s+ 100(1.5— yp)? — — 1000 =n) ~ He) = Fy0003 — fb] p< 15 Ie] # | Als) In 0.5 | 150/(s-+ 200) | 1500/s(s + 200) 0 | 100/(s+ 150) | 1000/s(s +150) 1.0/0 0 1.5 | -50/s —500/s? 2.0 | —100/(s — 50) | —1000/s(s — 50) ig = [7.5 — 7.5e u(t), A i= en =e u(t), A 500t u(t) A ig = 201 — e™Ju(t), AProblems — 13-59 =t=—; A= P1387 H(s) == 53 () For 080: y(t) 0Problems 13-63 [b] 0 f 406(t — d)x(d) dr = 402(t) ‘This can be seen in the plot, e.g., in part (c), y(t) © 40x(¢).Problems 13-65 P1361 [a] -1» = w= ff 100(0.2e-) dd = Um =20-WetV, O) a = 40e~-9) — Bet -20V, 0.58 StS 1s ls =-——— A= aeeay Mt 2" GGra) ve % Ve. _ 10/s A a VoCa(s + a) + VoOr(s + a) = (10/s)C(s + a) w= asa) io Thus, v, is the input scaled by the factor =Problems 13-87 P 13.81 [a] The sdomain cirenit is Ty aufy ts ong Loo, : . 4 . ViVi,V pp ‘The node-voltage equation is — tnt as pR Lyla Theref er ° erefore V 34 (R/Ee) where L, Lil Therefore v = pRe®/4tu(t) V VV _oals+(R/L2)) _ Ko DW) h= + or = slot (Rte) 8 _ _ ply _ _ pla om TeE lm ao Thus we have i = ; é A Py + Lee M(t) A (pR/Ta) Ks +(R/E) 8 * s+ (R/T) _ al "Tt pla —(R/ Le)t) ‘Therefi fi — werfore ig = PPP Nt — eWlHu(t) [d] X(t) = Lair + Laie = pla P 13.82 [a] As R— 00, v(t) —+ pLe(t) since the area under the impulse generating function is a a) > ar as R- 00 phy a) + PA we Ro : [b] The s-domain circuit: is +13-88 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis ‘Therefore v(t) = pLe6(t) Anhe aa = (cn) (2) IL ‘Therefore i, = iz ers u(t) A P 13,83 [a] For ¢<0, 0.5m =2v; therefore v1 = 402 vy +t=100; therefore u(0-) = 80V {b] v2(0" [e] (07) [a] For #>0: — 100; 6 T= 3aa5fs 10 = a(t) = 326(t) uA o [+ 2x10) V 3 0 Y YW a0/s@ « = yt itte at LF [ie 759 - 20/3 108 o* 6 _ asf 32 x 10°°6(t) dt +80 = 64+ 80 = 16V 20° 6; P sf 32 x 10-*6(t) dt +20 16+20=4V = 0.625 x10" 99 19-6 = 0 3 v(t) =20u(t)V;—-v3(0*) = 20V Check: (0+) + v2(0+) = v3(0*)Problems 13-89 P 13.84 [a] For t<0: sa) vv Z0.8kKNEHA F150 Req = O.8KQ2IAKQI1GKM = 0.64kQ; —_-v = 5(640) = 3200V 3200 3200 10") = Fp OSA — 2(0") = yg = OZA {b] For £>0: itin=0 8(Aix) = 2(Aiz) i,(07) + Air + i2(07) + Aig = 0; therefore Ai, = —0.2A Aiz=-0.8A; — i(0*) =0.8-0.2=06A [e] in(07) = 0.24 [d] (0+) =02-08=-06A [e] The s-domain equivalent circuit for t > 0 is aK: 16k 0.0088 1. Dis + 20000 ~ 3 +2 x 105 y(t) = 0.6e-*""u(t) A [f] in(t) = —ax (1) = —0.6€-21'u(t) A13-90 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis _ _ —0.0016(s + 6.5 108) [a] V = —0.0064 + (0.0088 + 4000), = 5: 7200 a a __7200_ = 16 x 108 ~ Fox ie u(t) = [-1.6 x 10-%6(#)] — (7200e-?"""*u(t)] V P 18.85 1002x1082 + 0.75% 20x10" 0 vy, 0.75 5 T0025 x 108s 70% 10° _ 0.65 2400 © 5-+4000 s+ 4000 ‘vo(t) = 0.65(t) — 24004" u(t) V [b] At t= 0 the voltage impulse establishes a current in the inductors; thus 10 (* 159 x 10-26(¢) dt = iz(0) = xh. 750 x 10-%6(t) dt = 30 It follows that: since #,(0-) = 0 that diz) _ FE (0) = 306(0) - Vo(0) = (20 x 1078) (306(t)) = 0.65(t) This agrees with our solution. At ¢ = 0* our circuit is 1009 smi stn] + SON, 20mg», in(t)=30e"7 A, E> OF 7 =L/R=0.25ms . ig(t) = 30e™ A, t > OFProblems 13-91 di vo(t) = 20 x 10 = 2400 V, tS OF which agrees with our solution. P 13.86 [a] After making a source transformation, the cirenit is as shown. The impulse current will pass through the capacitive branch since it appears as a short circuit to the impulsive current, 250 WEL v% 1000" ue Som ‘Therefore v,(0t) = 10° fg [7] dt =1000V Therefore we = (0.5)Cv? = 0.53 {b] ix(0*)=0; therefore wy, = OJ = Vo Vo le] VoQ0™)s + 5557; 0.055 * 1000 ‘Therefore 1000(s + 5000) + 60005 + 25 x 108 _—_% _,__Ki__ ‘5 + 3000 — 74000 * s+ 3000 + 54000 Ky = 550.02/= 26.57; Ky} = 559.02/26.57° Uy = [1118.03e-9 cos(4000t — 26.57°)]u(t) V 10% Vo.13-92 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis [d] The s-domain cirenit: is + 2500 1K 10/80 Yo in? 0.0580 Vos Vo Vo _ 49-3 08 * 350+ 0.055 * i000 ~"? Note that this equation is identical to that derived in part [c], therefore the solution for V, will be the same. P 13.87 [a] 0.58Q 0.5sQ e 3gh oa) 2580) 207 v, 20 = sl, — 0.5s8l2 5 3 0=-05sh +(s+2) le 05: A . 8 | _ 243 0.258? = 0.75(s? + 4) ~0.5s (s +3/s) 20 0.58 ‘ s? | 205 + 8 = 205 +60 _ 201s? +8) 0 (s+3/s) 5 8 5 1, - N= 206? +3) _ 80 43 "A ~ s(0.75)(s2 +4) 3 | (3? +4) Ko, Ky Kt “os f° s+j2Problems 13-93 [2 me cos2t] u(t)A 20 {b] No | 10s 0.58 0 - Ne 10s = s Ky PD 0.75(s? +4) 3 ASP +4 s+ 40 (72) _ 20 we 3G) 93 a= 2 cos 2tu(t) A w= 34=()3 (era) "era K, = = = —f10 = 10/90" 9 = 20.cos(2t — 90°) = 20sin 2¢ v» = [20sin 2t]u(t) V [ad] Let us begin by noting é jumps from 0 to (80/3) A between 0- and 0* ‘and in this same interval iz jumps from 0 to (40/3) A. Therefore in the derivatives of i and é there will be impulses of (80/3)6(t) and (40/3)6(¢), respectively. Thus di, _ 80 40 Gx gh) — sn tAls di; 40 80 FP = Fol) — F sin 2tA/s From the circuit diagram we have 206(t) = snap — 206(t) 3 sin 2t — 3 = 206(t) Thus our solutions for #, and iz are in agreement with known circuit behavior. Let us also note the impulsive voltage will impart energy into the circuit. Since there is no resistance in the circuit, the energy will not dissipate.13-94 P 13.88 [a] CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis ‘Thus the fact that 1, iz, and v exist for all time is consistent with known circuit behavior. Also note that although i; has a de component, iz does not. ‘This follows from known transformer behavior. Finally we note the flux linkage prior to the appearance of the impulsive voltage is zero. Now since v = d\/dt, the impulsive voltage source must be matched to an instantaneous change in flux linkage at t = 0* of 20. For the given polarity dots and reference directions of i; and iz we have A(O*) = Lrin(0*) + Mix (0*) — Loin(0*) — Min(0*) sr)=1 (28 as(2)-1(2) 052 = ” - 2 =20 (checks) a rt <—s— S4x10°Q —25x10/s0 + 2.v 210/30) v 27 2x 10° BAX 10° $25 x 10%/s +2 108/s 5 5.4 x 10° 100 ~ Bax 108s £27 x 108 ~ 5+ 500 vo(t) = 100e~*u(t) V At t =0 the impulsive current passes through the two capacitors. The voltage on the 0.04 uF capacitor at t = 0* is o* Yoo. = 25 x 10 f 50 x 10°°5(t) dt = 1250V The voltage on the 0.5 F capacitor at t= 0* is ot tos = 2 10° 50 x 10-%6(t) dt = 100VProblems 13-95 Note this agrees with our solution. At t= 0* the cirenit is 0.04 iF + 1250v ~ ‘The equivalent capacitance is c, = (.04)(0.5) x 10° eo 0.54 x 10-6 27 ‘Thus, the time constant is 7 =54 x 10°C, = 2ms ‘Therefore, 1/7 = 500, which agrees with our solution. It follows that ve(t) = 1350e-"™V, > 0F Therefore volt) = which also agrees with our solution. P 13.89 [a] The circuit, parameters are 20? 120? 120? _ 1440 Ra= j= 122 Ru= FHIG_=B® X= By = GE The branch currents are 120/0° 120/0° 35 35 l= = 10/0 Be 35 _ gg° 1= pp = 1M Alem) a= Siaayas 7pl=202 A(rms) 1, = 20M _ 150° A(ems) 8 35 : » Wht b+ hy = 2-75 = 25.17/= 6.65" A(rms) ‘Therefore, 35 aS @) Vieos(wt—90°)A and i, = 25.17 V2eos(wt — 6.65°) A ‘Thus, ig(0" OA and — iz (0~) = é,(0*) = 25V2A =a(0"13-96 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis [b] Begin by using the s-domain circuit in Fig. 13.60 to solve for Vo symbolically Write a single node voltage equation: Vo= (Vo + belo) , Vo, Vo _ ale Ry alg ° _ (Ral LiVy + ToRa O° S¥ [Ra(ba + Le)/Lale where Le = 1/120 H, Lg = 12/35x H, Ry = 120, and IpR, = 300V2 V. Thus, 14407n(122.92/s — 30007 V2) a 300V2 (s+ 1475\(F 414,400)” SF LATER 300v2 s+ 1Tor y= -—h_ © 8+ 1475 Ko 71200 Ky s+ 71207 The coefficients are Ky =-121.18V2V Ky = 61.03V2/6.85°VK} = 61.03V2/— 6.85" Note that Ky + 300V2 = 178.822 V. Thus, the inverse transform of Vj is 9 = 178.82V26" 47" +. 129.06VZeos(120mt + 6.85°) V Initially, ‘u9(0*) = 178.82V2 + 122.062 cos 6.85° = 300V2 V Note that at t = 0* the initial value of é,, which is 252 A, exists in the 120 resistor Ra. Thus, the initial value of Vp is (25V/2)(12) = 300V2 V. The phasor domain equivalent circuit has a j10 inductive impedance in 's with the parallel combination of a 12 resistive impedance and a 1440/35 Q inductive impedance (remember that w = 1207 rad/s). Note that V, = 120/0° + (25.17/ = 6.65°)(j1) = 125.43/11.50° V(rms). The node voltage equation in the phasor domain circuit is Vo = 125.43/11.50° | Vo , 35Vo _ d 12° 1440 — Vo = 122.06/6.85° V(rms) ‘Therefore, uy = 122.06V2cos(1207t + 6.85°) V, agreeing with the steady-state component of the result in part (b).Problems 13-97 {d] A plot of v, generated in Excel, is shown below. 09 vow 109 is) 0 2s 8 7s w 125 15 75 20 109 P 13.90 [a] At ¢=0™ the phasor domain equivalent circuit is Augen 8 a VE, ea “ip = ~ 410 = 10/— 90°A (rms) _ =7120(35) _ 35 35 0. Be ay as = 1p ASOEA Cems) —jl 1, = 2120 = _ 515 = 15/—90°A (ems) -3 — j25 = 25.17/ = 96.65°A (rms) iz, = 25.17V2.cos(120mt — 96.65°)A iz(0-) =i, (0*) = -2.92V2A L=h+h+h BV2ecos(120nt + 180°) (07) =i2(0") -3va = -2.92V2A V,=Vo+ Jil,13-98 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis V, = —7120 +25 2 = 25 — 7122.92 = 125.43/— 78.50°V (rms) = 125.432. cos(120mt — 78.50°)V = 125.43,2[cos 120mt cos 78.50° + sin 120rt sin 78.50°] = 25y/2 cos 120rt + 122.92V2sin 120mt 5/28 + 122.92/2(1207) Mo= 3? + (1207)? s-domain circuit: skye be + y, sla where 1 Li= spon Hi La Ra = 120 i,(0) =-2.92V2A; —_i9(0) = —2.92V2A ‘The node voltage equation is, Moa y+ in(O)Lr) , Vo, Votin(O)Ln ° sli Ro? Sle Solving for V, yields VpRe/La Ralir(0) ~ 2(0)] + Ra(Li + La)/ Lali} + Ra(Li + La)/LiLa) (55x) (aoe) iz (0) — i2(0) = —2.92V2 + 2.92V2 =0 1440n[25 V2 + 122.92/2(1207)] & + L475n)[s? + (1207)? 1_,_ a_i 120" ” s+ 71200 Vo s+ latorProblems 13-99 Ky = -14.55v2 Ko = 61.03V2/— 83.15° + Volt) = —14.55V2e-7"" + 129.06 V2 cos(1207¢ — 83.15°)V Check: ‘vo(0) = (—14.55 + 14.55) V2 = 013-100 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis PSpice schematic u rp | TOREN = 0 Lawn ehh 2,6526mH 0.0001 ” 4 12 /aPL = 177 389441 Rt oo rstem = R3 FREQ = 60Hz 2 3 1D =-0.532248ms . - PSpice output file see8 07/15/01 07:40:45 *#+0essseeeess papice Lite (Mar 2000) *H+eeesseesssoess ++ profile: “ScMMMATICI-tran” [ C:\shortcircuits\solutions\p9_76-SCHEMATIC1-tren. sim ] ++ creating circuit file "p9_76-SCHEMARICL-tran.eim.cir™ ¢* WARNING: THIS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED PILE MAY BE OVERWRITTEN BY SUBSEQUENT SIMULATIONS + Local Libraries + From (PSPICE METLIST) section of Lib "nom. 1ib" Program Files\orcadLite\Pspice\Pspice. ini file tanalysis directives: -TRAN 0 20ms 0 SPROBE V(*) X(*) W(#)_D(*) NOTBEC*) [INC ".\p9_76-aCHEMATICL.net™ t+¢4 INCLUDING p9_76-SCHEMAPICL net **** + source P9_76 aun 00697 0 +SEN 0 177.989441V 6OHs -0.592240m= 0 0 waa 00697 WOL211 2.6526mH ZC=0 one 0 vo 109.134amH c= cra 0 vo a2 aR? vo 01311 0.0001 203 0 mo1959 € rue VO NO1959 @9_tOopen PARAMS: tOpen=0 ttran=iu Relo: + Repen=imeg 499 RESUMING p9_76-SCHEMATICI-tran. sim.cir *13-101 Problems13-102 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis [c] In the Practical Perspective the line-to-neutral voltage spikes at 300V/2 V. In Prob. 13.89(c) the line-to-neutral voltage has no spike. Thus the amount of voltage disturbance depends on what part of the cycle the sinusoidal steady-state voltage is switched. P 13.91 [a] First find V, before R, is disconnected. The phasor domain circuit is 3, Th + vO robver, fx, 2R, (rms) 120/60" = Fs ge 120/02 = PAK (Rat RO)Xa = FARE] Since X; = 1 we have _ 1 120/6° ‘Vz = 120/62 + RR Xs [Rake + j(Ra + Ro) Xa] Ro=120; R=8% X= Ho 35 120/82 : 0 (Ts + 7300) = Bis + j12) = 125.43/(0 + 11.50)° 125.43V2 cos(120mt + @ + 11.50°)V Let # = 0 + 11.50’. Then Ug = 125.43V2(cos 120rt cos 6 — sin 120rt sin 8)V ‘Therefore 125.43,V2(s cos 6 — 1207sin 8) s+ (1207) y=Problems — 13-103 ‘The s-domain circuit becomes sh, a vO VER, D) La Pe where pr = ir(0*) and ps = i2(0*). The s-domain node voltage equation is Vo= Wot ort) , Yo , Vor pole sly Ra sla U Solving for V, yields vy, = VeBal Li + (p1 = po) Ba s+ Gee) Substituting the numerical values 1 12 i= tog Hi La= 3 Ra = 129; Ry = 80; gives Vp ~ 40 + 12(01 ~ 02) (e+ 1475) Now determine the values of p: and po. pr=ir(0t) and pa = ig(0*) L= 120/02 1 RaReXa _ 120/02 ~~ 96(1440/35) [ 5.17 /(0 — 6.65)°A (rms) ip = 25.17 V2cos(120r¢ + 6 — 6.65°)A [(Ra + Rp)Xa— jRaRs] 20)(1440) _ 35 a iz(0*) = pr = 25.17V2cos(6 — 6.65°)A + pi = 25V/2c0s 0 + 2.92V2sin dA 120/035 T= F7a40/35) ~ 12 1( — 90)°13-104 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis a= BV Fcos( 120% + 6 —90°)A Pa = i2(0*) = 3 Vasind = 2.92V2sin 0A pi = pr = 25V2c080 (01 ~ P2)Ra = 300V2 cos 6 = 1407, 4 300V2 6086 © s+ 1a7hr 9 s+ 14750 14407 [125.43/2(s cos 6 — 120rsin 8) a 00/2. cos 6 s+ 14750 8? + 14,4007? 8+ 14750 _ Ki +300V2c08 8 Ko, _ iG “s+ 147i 8 —j120n © s+ 71200 Now K, = (1440) (125, 3/2) [—14757 cos 6 — 1207 sin 9] = 14752x? + 14,4000? _ —1440(125.43,V2)[1475 cos 8 + 120 si 1475? + 14,000 Since 8 = 0+ 11.50", Ky reduces to Ky = -121.18V2cos6 + 14.55V2sin 0 From the partial fraction expansion for V, we see v9(t) will go directly into steady state when Ky = —300/2cos0. It follow that 14.55V2sin 8 = —178.82V2.cos 0 or tand = ~12.29 Therefore, @ = —85.35° [b] When @ = —85.35°, 6 = ~73.85° _ 440(125.43V3)[=1200 sin(—73.85°) + 71207 e0s(-73.85°) ~ (1475x + 71207)(j2407) __ 720/2(120.48 + 734.88) ~ 20 + j1475 Ke = 61.03V2/— 78.50° Uy = 122.06\/2 cos(120nt — 78.50°)V t>0 = 172.61 cos(1201t — 78.50°)V_ t>0Problems — 13-105 [c] vo1 = 169.71 cos(120nt — 85.35°)V tt <0 Voz = 172.61 cos(120rt —78.50°)V tt >0 48) ssw 213-106 CHAPTER 13. The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis PSpice schematic v u R2 wy TOPEN = 0 Lae “oF 2.6526mH 0.0001 VAMPL = 177. 389441 GY" Rt “oa resem = R3 FREQ = 6oHz Roy 8 TD =-0.747577ms PSpice output file [t+ cresting circuit file "p9_77-acHmMrrci-tran. sim.cic [b> WARWING: THIS AUFOMATICALZY GENERATED FILE MAY BE OVERWRITTEN BY SUBSEQUENT SIMULATIONS I*ibraries: be Local tibraries : } From [PSPICE METLIST) section of C:\Progrem Piles\Orcedhite\Pepice\PEpice.ini file: |1ib "nom. 1ib* |tAnalysie directives: |-PRAN 0 20ma 0 Loree PARAM Rb “rer 4.9 12 PROBE V(+) X(*) w(+) D(+) worse (+) CINC ".\p9_77-SCHEMATECI.net” +4 INCLUDING p9_77-aCHEMATICL net +++ * source P9_77 va 100697 0 HEN 0 177.989441V 6OHz -0.747577ms 0 0 SERS y at N00637 WOL311 2.6526mH TC=0 = 0 vo 109.134amH Z0=0 oRL 2 vo. (Rb) ore vo wo1211 0.0001 RRS 0 woiss9 6 poue YO NO1959 8"_topen PARAMS: tOpen=0 ttran=iu Relosed=0.01 | Ropenmimeg [PARAM Rb=1Z [eee RmsuMENG p9_77-scHEMATICI-tran.sim.cir ¢¢++ /END13-107 Problems