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Trial Assignment: Kinematics in 1D &a...

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Trial Assignment: Kinematics in 1D & Vectors Due: 2:00am on Friday, February 1, 2013 Note: To understand how points are awarded, read your instructor's Grading Policy.

Ballistocardiograph Conceptual Question

In a ballistocardiograph, a patient lies on an extremely low friction horizontal table. At each heartbeat, a volume of blood is accelerated by the heart toward the head along the ascending aorta. In response, the patient's body recoils in the opposite direction. This motion is detected by sensitive accelerometers attached to the table. (The table is then brought to rest and returned to equilibrium before the next heartbeat.) A graph of acceleration of the table versus time, termed a ballistocardiogram, is generated. Based on these measurements, the acceleration of the blood ejected by the heart can be determined. Patients with low blood accelerations generally have weakened heart muscles. A sketch of a single cycle of a ballistocardiogram is given in the figure. Acceleration and time have been measured in unknown units.

Part A
At what time is the speed of the table (and hence the speed of the blood in the opposite direction) a maximum?

Hint 1. How to read the graph

The graph is acceleration versus time. Remember that velocity is the signed area under the acceleration curve. As long as the acceleration is positive, the speed is increasing. Once the acceleration becomes negative, the speed will decrease back to zero. ANSWER: 3

Correct

Problem 2.6
Geology. Earthquakes produce several types of shock waves. The most well-known are the P-waves (P for primary or pressure) and the S-waves (S for secondary or shear). In the earth's crust, the P-waves travel at around 6.5 km/s while the S-waves move at about 3.5 km/s. The actual speeds vary depending on the type of material they are going through. The time delay between the arrival of these two waves at a seismic recording station tells geologists how far away the earthquake occurred.

Part A
If the time delay is 33 s, how far from the seismic station did the earthquake occur? ANSWER: 250 km

Correct

Ball on a Segmented Ramp

A ball is set rolling on the track shown. At it is released at the very left of the track to the right. It reaches the evenly at later .

with velocity times

spaced positions

Part A
Given that the spatial intervals between the various , intervals? are equal, it is clear that the time intervals , etc. will probably not be. Which ordering would be possible for these

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Use your intuition. You know that as a ball rolls down a ramp, its speed increases, and a a ball rolls up a ramp, its speed decreases. You also know that the faster the ball is traveling, the less time it will take to cover a given distance. ANSWER:

Correct
Parts B, C, and D all refer to the graphs labeled a through f.

Part B
Select from the graphs pictured the one that most plausibly represents the graph of x position vs. time.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Here a few things to think about as you look over the graphs: As a function of time, does the object's x position only increase, only decrease, or increase and decrease? Does the x position change continuously? What does it mean for our system physically if the graph is flat for a section? ANSWER: a b c d e f

Correct
Correct, the ball's position increases smoothly. The graph should have no horizontal sections because the ball is never at rest. (A horizontal section implies that for some amount of time, the ball's position does not change.)

Part C
Select from the graphs pictured the one that most plausibly represents the graph of x velocity vs. time. ANSWER: a b c d e f

Correct
Correct. First the ball moves with constant speed. Then, as it rolls down the ramp, its speed increases linearly. The ball encounters another flat section, and its speed is once again constant. Finally, as the ball rolls up the ramp, it decelerates.

Part D
Select from the graphs pictured the one that most plausibly represents the graph of x acceleration vs. time. (Note that the origin of the y axis of the graphs is arbitrary; zero acceleration is not necessarily at the bottom of the graphs.) ANSWER: a b c d e f

Correct
Correct. Initially, the ball's acceleration is zero. When the ball rolls down the first ramp, its acceleration becomes positive and constant. When the ball encounters the second flat section, its acceleration is once again zero. Finally, as the ball rolls up the ramp, its acceleration is constant and negative.

Catching the Dot

This applet shows a dot moving with constant acceleration.

Part A
Change the values of the initial position, initial velocity, and the acceleration of the car so that its center follows the same path as the dot. What is the equation that describes the motion of the dot? Express your answer in terms of . Enter all of the numbers in the equation without their units, as it is understood that you are using meters, meters per second, and meters per second squared for distances, speeds, and accelerations, respectively.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Think about which quantity ( , , or ) can be determined most easily. Once you find that value as accurately as possible, decide which of the remaining two will be easiest to determine. Once you get to the third quantity, you may have to refine the other two slightly based on how close you are to matching the dot's trajectory. Once you have determined the correct values, think about which kinematic formula gives the value of in terms of , , , and . Substitute the appropriate values into the formula and you will have the equation describing the trajectory of the dot.

Hint 2. Find
Find the initial position of the dot. This should be relatively easy: Look at the scale and

estimate where on the x-axis the dot is located. Move the slider so that the car is at the same point and then look at the picture to be sure that the center of the car is lined up with the dot. Express your answer in meters to three significant figures. ANSWER: =

Hint 3. Find
Find the initial velocity and dot to the same of the dot. This will be much easier if you find . Then, you may want to adjust the and first and set the car

settings for the car at the

same time to help make the trajectory of the car more similar to that of the dot. Express your answer in meters per second to three significant figures.

Hint 1. Recognizing differences in speed and acceleration

Matching is relatively easy, because the dot is not moving. You can simply adjust the and can only be discerned slider until the car and dot line up. However, values for

based on the motion of the car, and each contributes differently. To sort out differences in and between the dot and the car, you must think about what velocity and acceleration mean. Velocity is the rate at which the position of an object is changing. Acceleration is the rate at which the velocity is changing. Thus, when you look at the position of the dot at times shortly after you press the run button, the position will be determined almost completely by the initial velocity. If the dot has a large acceleration, then the speed will change quickly and you will notice that the distance covered by the dot in one second

will change significantly from second to second. It is best to change the initial velocity until the dot and the car seem to move roughly together immediately after you press the "run" button. Next, adjust the acceleration so that their speeds seem to change in the same way. Then, go back to get the initial velocities the same, and finally adjust the accelerations so that the car and the dot move together at all times. Realistically, you may have to go back and forth refining and several times before the car and dot move together perfectly. This technique, known as iteration, can often be helpful in solving problems that defy straightforward analytic solutions. ANSWER: =

Hint 4. Find
Find the acceleration and dot to the same of the dot. This will be much easier if you find . You may want to adjust the and first and set the car

settings for the car at the same

time to help make the trajectory of the car closer to that of the dot. It will be helpful to get the value of close to that of the dot before trying to match the accelerations. Express your answer in meters per second squared to two significant figures.

Hint 1. Recognizing differences in speed and acceleration

Matching is relatively easy, because the dot is not moving. You can simply adjust the and can only be discerned slider until the car and dot line up. However, values for

based on the motion of the car, and each contributes differently. To sort out differences in and between the dot and the car, you must think about what velocity and acceleration mean. Velocity is the rate at which the position of an object is changing. Acceleration is the rate at which the velocity is changing. Thus, when you look at the position of the dot at times shortly after you press the run button, the position will be determined almost completely by the initial velocity. If the dot has a large acceleration, then the speed will change quickly and you will notice that the distance covered by the dot in one second will change significantly from second to second. It is best to change the initial velocity until the dot and the car seem to move roughly together immediately after you press the "run" button. Next, adjust the acceleration so that their speeds seem to change in the same way. Then, go back to get the initial velocities the same, and finally adjust the accelerations so that the car and the dot move together at all times. Realistically, you may have to go back and forth refining and several times before the car and dot move together perfectly. This technique, known as iteration, can often be helpful in solving problems that defy straightforward analytic solutions. ANSWER: =

Hint 5. The appropriate equation

Recall that the kinematic equation describing the motion of an object with constant acceleration is the following: .

ANSWER: =

Correct

Part B
The simulation runs until position , even though the dot is far off of the screen by then. What is the ?

of the dot at time

Express your answer in meters to at least two significant figures. ANSWER: = 172

Correct

Rocket Height
A rocket, initially at rest on the ground, accelerates straight upward from rest with constant acceleration 44.1 . The acceleration period lasts for time 10.0 until the fuel is exhausted. After that, the rocket is in free fall.

Part A
Find the maximum height reached by the rocket. Ignore air resistance and assume a constant . acceleration due to gravity equal to 9.80

Write your answer numerically in units of meters.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Divide the upward motion into two parts: first the fueled motion, and then the motion under the influence of gravity alone. Find the height reached over the course of the fueled motion, and then calculate the additional height achieved during the second part of the motion. Putting these two distances together will give you the maximum height reached by the rocket.

Hint 2. Find the height reached during the fueled part of the motion
Find the height above the ground at which the rocket exhausts its fuel.

Answer numerically in units of meters.

Hint 1. Knowns and unknowns

At the instant that the rocket takes off, take time and the initial position .

Let the final values of the variables correspond to those at which the rocket runs out of fuel. Clearly, the final height for the fueled portion of the flight and the associated final velocity are not given. is the time that the rocket travels before it is the rocket's net

Let us denote other quantities as follows: runs out of fuel;

is the rocket's initial velocity; and

acceleration during the fueled portion of its flight. Which of the these quantities are known? Check all that apply.

Hint 1. What is the initial velocity?

What is the initial velocity for the fueled part of the motion?

Give your answer numerically. ANSWER: =

ANSWER:

Correct
Note: For the fueled part of the motion the variables usually labeled labeled and for the second part of the motion, which we will call and and are , to distinguish them from the initial velocity and acceleration respectively.

Hint 2. Determine which kinematic equation to use

Choose the kinematic equation that makes the solution straighforward, that is, the one that contains the variable you are solving for and in which all of the other quantities are known. ANSWER:

Correct
Now substitute the given values into this equation to find the height .

ANSWER: = 2210

Correct
Note that the upward acceleration of the rocket results from both the thrust of the engine and from the force due to gravity; thus, the existence of gravity is already "taken into account" in the statement of the problem. You can now either find the total height that the rocket reaches or first determine the additional vertical distance the rocket travels after it runs out of fuel and add this value to the value you found for . Since you don't know the time it takes for the rocket to reach its maximum height, you must determine the quantities that you do know for this part of the motion: the initial velocity , the final velocity , and the acceleration . Look at the figure for a clearer picture.

Hint 3. Find the initial velocity, the final velocity, and the acceleration for the "free-fall" part of the motion
What are , , and for the second part of the motion? , separated by commas as

Write your answer numerically in the order

shown, in SI units.

Hint 1. What is the initial velocity?

When the rocket runs out of fuel, its acceleration changes abruptly, but its velocity changes continuously. Therefore, the rocket's initial velocity for the second part of the flight is just its velocity at the moment the engine runs out of fuel. What, then, is ? Give your answer numerically.

Hint 1. Find the velocity when the engine runs out of fuel
For the fueled part of the motion, you know that the initial velocity is given by , the acceleration by 44.1 , and the time of fueled flight by 10.0 . You also determined the height in Part A.2. , the velocity at the

Choose a kinematic equation that you could use to find end of the fueled motion. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Choose one letter corresponding to the equation you have chosen (even though there is more than one correct answer). ANSWER: A B C D

ANSWER: = 441

Correct
Hint 2. What is the acceleration?
What value should you use for the acceleration ? Keep in mind that the direction is important, since the acceleration due to gravity is slowing down the rocket as it continues its ascent. Give your answer numerically. ANSWER:

= -9.80

Correct
Hint 3. What is the final velocity?
What is the velocity of the rocket when it reaches its maximum height? Note that the rocket has just ended its ascent and is about to begin its descent. What is its velocity at this instant? Give your answer numerically. ANSWER: = 0

Correct

ANSWER: = 441,0,-9.80 SI units

Correct
Look at the figure below for a nice way to represent all this data.

Hint 4. Determine which kinematic equation to use

Choose the kinematic equation that makes the solution straightforward, that is, the one that contains the variable you are solving for and for which all of the other quantities are known. ANSWER:

Correct
Now substitute the given values into this equation to find either the total height use ) or the additional height gained (if you use ). (if you

ANSWER: = 1.21104

Correct

Adding Scalar Multiples of Vectors Graphically

Draw the vectors indicated. You may use any extra (unlabeled) vectors that are helpful; but, keep in mind that the unlabeled vectors should not be part of your submission.

Part A
Draw the vector .

The length and orientation of the vector will be graded. The location of the vector is not important.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

You can add the vectors graphically or using components, but a graphical approach will be the simplest. It may help to draw the vector first.

Hint 2. Draw
Draw the vector .

The length and orientation of the vector will be graded. The location of the vector is not important. ANSWER:

Hint 3. Adding vectors graphically

To add two vectors, slide one vector (without rotating it) until its tip coincides with the tail of the second vector. The sum of the two vectors is the vector that goes from the tail of the first vector to the tip of the second:

ANSWER:

Correct
Now use the same technique to answer the next two parts.

Part B
Draw the vector .

The length and orientation of the vector will be graded. The location of the vector is not important.

Hint 1. Find
Draw the vectors

and
and . Recall that multiplying a vector by a

negative number reverses its direction. The length and orientation of the vectors will be graded. The locations of the vectors are not important. ANSWER:

Hint 2. Adding vectors graphically

To add two vectors, slide one vector (without rotating it) until its tip coincides with the tail of the second vector. The sum of the two vectors is the vector that goes from the tail of the first vector to the tip of the second:

ANSWER:

Correct

Part C
Draw the vector .

The length and orientation of the vector will be graded. The location of the vector is not important.

Hint 1. Find
Draw the vectors

and
and .

The length and orientation of the vectors will be graded. The locations of the vectors are not important. ANSWER:

Hint 2. Adding vectors graphically

To add two vectors, slide one vector (without rotating it) until its tip coincides with the tail of the second vector. The sum of the two vectors is the vector that goes from the tail of the first vector to the tip of the second:

ANSWER:

Correct

Resolving Vector Components with Trigonometry

Often a vector is specified by a magnitude and a direction; for example, a rope with tension exerts a force of magnitude in a direction 35

north of east. This is a good way to think of vectors; however, to calculate results with vectors, it is best to select a coordinate system and manipulate the components of the vectors in that coordinate system.

Part A
Find the components of the vector axis as shown. Enter the x component followed by the y component, separated by a comma. with length = 1.00 and angle =10.0 with respect to the x

Hint 1. What is the x component?

Look at the figure shown. points in the positive x direction, so is positive. Also, the is just the length .

magnitude

ANSWER: = 0.985,0.174

Correct

Part B
Find the components of the vector axis as shown. Enter the x component followed by the y component, separated by a comma. with length = 1.00 and angle =20.0 with respect to the x

Hint 1. What is the x component?

The x component is still of the same form, that is, .

ANSWER: = 0.940,0.342

Correct
The components of still have the same form, that is, , despite 's

placement with respect to the y axis on the drawing.

Part C

Find the components of the vector

with length

= 1.00 and angle

35.0 as shown.

Enter the x component followed by the y component, separated by a comma.

Hint 1. Method 1: Find the angle that

Angle

makes with the positive x axis

= 0.611 differs from the other two angles because it is the angle between the vector

and the y axis, unlike the others, which are with respect to the x axis. What is the angle that makes with the positive x axis? Express your answer numerically in degrees. ANSWER:

Hint 2. Method 2: Use vector addition

Look at the figure shown. 1. 2. 3. , the x component of negative, since is . .

points in

the negative x direction. Use this information to find . Similarly, find .

ANSWER: = -0.574,0.819

Correct

Velocity and Acceleration of a Power Ball

Learning Goal: To understand the distinction between velocity and acceleration with the use of motion diagrams. In common usage, velocity and acceleration both can imply having considerable speed. In physics, they are sharply defined concepts that are not at all synonymous. Distinguishing clearly between them is a prerequisite to understanding motion. Moreover, an easy way to study motion is to draw a motion diagram, in which the position of the object in motion is sketched at several equally spaced instants of time, and these sketches (or snapshots) are combined into one single picture.

In this problem, we make use of these concepts to study the motion of a power ball. This discussion assumes that we have already agreed on a coordinate system from which to measure the position (also called the position vector) of objects as a function of time. Let acceleration, respectively. Consider the motion of a power ball that is dropped on the floor and bounces back. In the following questions, you will describe its motion at various points in its fall in terms of its velocity and acceleration. and be velocity and

Part A
You drop a power ball on the floor. The motion diagram of the ball is sketched in the figure . Indicate whether the magnitude of the velocity of the ball is increasing, decreasing, or not changing.

Hint 1. Velocity and position vectors

By definition, the velocity is the ratio of the distance traveled to the interval of time taken. If you interpret the vector position as the distance traveled by the ball, the length of is directly proportional to the length of length of velocity vectors. ANSWER: increasing decreasing not changing . Since the length of position vectors is increasing, so is the

Correct
While the ball is in free fall, the magnitude of its velocity is increasing, so the ball is accelerating.

Part B
Since the length of is directly proportional to the length of , the vector connecting each dot to the

next could represent velocity vectors as well as position vectors, as shown in the figure here . Indicate whether the velocity and acceleration of the ball are, respectively, positive (upward), negative, or zero. Use P N and Zfor positive (upward), negative, and zero, respectively. Separate the letters for , ,

velocity and acceleration with a comma.

Hint 1. Acceleration vector

The acceleration is defined as the ratio of the change in velocity to the interval of time, and its direction is given by the quantity , which represents the change in velocity that occurs in the interval of time .

ANSWER: N,N

Correct

Part C
Now, consider the motion of the power ball once it bounces upward. Its motion diagram is shown in the figure here . Indicate whether the magnitude of the velocity of the ball is increasing, decreasing, or not changing.

Hint 1. Velocity and position vectors

By definition, the velocity is the ratio of the distance traveled to the interval of time taken. If you interpret the vector position as the distance traveled by the ball, the length of is directly

proportional to the length of length of velocity vectors. ANSWER: increasing decreasing not changing

. Since the length of position vectors is decreasing, so is the

Correct
Since the magnitude of the velocity of the ball is decreasing, the ball must be accelerating (specifically, slowing down).

Part D
The next figure shows the velocity vectors corresponding to the upward motion of the power ball. Indicate whether its velocity and acceleration, respectively, are positive (upward), negative, or zero. Use P N and Zfor positive (upward), , , negative, and zero, respectively. Separate the letters for velocity and acceleration with a comma.

Hint 1. Acceleration vector

The acceleration is defined as the ratio of the change in velocity to the interval of time, and its direction is given by the quantity , which represents the change in velocity that occurs in the interval of time .

ANSWER: P,N

Correct

Part E
The power ball has now reached its highest point above the ground and starts to descend again. The motion diagram representing the velocity vectors is the same as that after the initial release, as shown

in the figure of Part B. Indicate whether the velocity and acceleration of the ball at its highest point are positive (upward), negative, or zero. Use P N and Zfor positive (upward), negative, and zero, respectively. Separate the letters for , , velocity and acceleration with a comma.

Hint 1. Velocity as a continuous function of time

In Part D you found that the velocity of the ball is positive during the upward motion. Once the ball starts its descent, its velocity is negative, as you found in Part B. Since velocity changes continuously in time, it has to be zero at some point along the path of the ball.

Hint 2. Acceleration as a continuous function of time

In Part D, you found that the acceleration of the ball is negative and constant during the upward motion, as well as once the ball has started its descent, which you found in Part B. Since acceleration is a continuous function of time, it has to be negative at the highest point along the path as well. ANSWER: Z,N

Correct
These examples should show you that the velocity and acceleration can have opposite or similar signs or that one of them can be zero while the other has either sign. Try hard to think carefully about them as distinct physical quantities when working with kinematics.

Red Light, Green Light

A car and a train move together along straight, parallel paths with the same constant cruising speed the car driver notices a red light ahead and slows down with constant acceleration . At . Just as the

car comes to a full stop, the light immediately turns green, and the car then accelerates back to its original speed with constant acceleration . During the same time interval, the train continues to travel at the constant speed .

Part A
How much time does it take for the car to come to a full stop? Express your answer in terms of ANSWER: = and

Correct

Part B

How much time does it take for the car to accelerate from the full stop to its original cruising speed? Express your answer in terms of ANSWER: = and .

Correct

Part C
The train does not stop at the stoplight. How far behind the train is the car when the car reaches its original speed again? Express the separation distance in terms of and . Your answer should be positive.

Hint 1. How far did the train travel?

What is the distance traveled by the train during the entire period of (negative and positive) acceleration of the car? Express your answer in terms of and .

Hint 1. How long was the period of the car's acceleration?

What is , the total amount of time during which the car was either decelerating or accelerating? ANSWER: =

Correct
Now, remember that the train continued at a constant speed during this period.

ANSWER: =

Correct
Hint 2. How far did the car travel?
What is the total distance traveled by the car during the both periods (before and after stopping) of its acceleration?

Express your answer in terms of

and

Hint 1. Problem approach

Given the initial position, velocity, and constant acceleration of an object, you know how to find its position after time . Think of the car's motion in two segments. For the first segment, its initial velocity is and its acceleration is for time .

For the second segment of the car's motion, the initial velocity is zero, and it accelerates at for a time .

ANSWER: =

Correct

ANSWER: =

Correct

Clear the Runway

To take off from the ground, an airplane must reach a sufficiently high speed. The velocity required for the takeoff, the tak eoff velocity, depends on several factors, including the weight of the aircraft and the wind velocity.

Part A
A plane accelerates from rest at a constant rate of 5.00 along a runway that is 1800 long.

Assume that the plane reaches the required takeoff velocity at the end of the runway. What is the time needed to take off? Express your answer in seconds using three significant figures.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

As the plane travels along the runway, it has constant acceleration. To solve the problem, you'll need to use the kinematics equations for such motion. In particular, you need to use the equation relating the distance traveled and time.

Hint 2. Find the equation for the distance traveled by the plane

Which expression best describes the distance of time ? Let and

traveled by the plane during a certain interval

be, respectively, the initial position and speed of the plane, and use

for the acceleration of the plane. Remember that the plane accelerates from rest. ANSWER:

ANSWER: = 26.8

Correct
If using this answer in subsequent parts, please retain full precision and only round as a final step before submitting your answer.

Part B
What is the speed of the plane as it takes off?

Express your answer numerically in meters per second.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Since you are given the constant acceleration of the plane, and you have also found the time it takes to take off, you can calculate the speed of the plane as it ascends into the air using the equation for the velocity of an object in motion at constant acceleration.

Hint 2. Find the equation for the velocity of the plane

Which expression best describes the velocity Let that the plane starts from rest. ANSWER: of the plane after a certain interval of time ? for the acceleration of the plane. Remember be the initial velocity of the plane, and use

ANSWER: = 134

Correct
If using this answer in subsequent parts, please retain full precision and only round as a final step before submitting your answer.

Part C
What is the distance traveled by the plane in the first second of its run?

Express your answer numerically in meters.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Apply the same equation that you used to solve Part A. ANSWER: = 2.50

Correct
If using this answer in subsequent parts, please retain full precision and only round as a final step before submitting your answer.

Part D
What is the distance traveled by the plane in the last second before taking off?

Express your answer numerically in meters.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Use the equation that gives the distance traveled as a function of time. Note that you are looking for the distance traveled in the last second before the plane takes off, which can be expressed as the length of the runway minus the distance traveled by the plane up to that last second.

ANSWER: = 132

Correct
Since the plane is accelerating, the average speed of the plane during the last second of its run is greater than its average speed during the first second of the run. Not surprisingly, so is the distance traveled. If using this answer in subsequent parts, please retain full precision and only round as a final step before submitting your answer.

Part E
What percentage of the takeoff velocity did the plane gain when it reached the midpoint of the runway? Express your answer numerically to the nearest percent.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

You need to find the velocity of the plane by the time it covers half the length of the runway and compare it with the takeoff velocity. Apply the same method that you used to determine the takeoff velocity. ANSWER: 70

Correct
This is a "rule of thumb" generally used by pilots. Since the takeoff velocity for a particular aircraft can be computed before the flight, a pilot can determine whether the plane will successfully take off before the end of the runway by verifying that the plane has gained 70% of the takeoff velocity by the time it reaches half the length of the runway. If the plane hasn't reached that velocity, the pilot knows that there isn't enough time to reach the needed takeoff velocity before the plane reaches the end of the runaway. At that point, applying the brakes and aborting the takeoff is the safest course of action.

Motion of a Shadow
A small source of light the source . is located at a distance from a vertical wall. An opaque object with a height of of magnitude . At time , the object is located at

moves toward the wall with constant velocity

Part A
Find an expression for , the magnitude of the velocity of the top of the object's shadow, at time . , , and .

Express the speed of the top of the object's shadow in terms of ,

Hint 1. Calculate ratios of triangles

Triangles and are

similar, so the ratios of the corresponding sides are equal. Hence, the ratio and solve for the length , and . . Therefore, in terms of ,

ANSWER: =

Correct
Note that instead of referring to similar triangles, we could have used the fact that angle is the same in both triangles: ,

which leads quickly to the ratios of the lengths of corresponding sides being equal.

Hint 2. Calculate the derivative

You have an expressin for the position of the object's shadow as a function of time, find the shadow's velocity, take the derivative of constants. What is ? and . . Note that and . To are

Leave your answer in terms of

Hint 1. The chain rule

You may need to use the chain rule. Recall:

ANSWER: =

Correct
Hint 3. Find
Your expression for given in the problem. Which of the quantities given in the problem statement is represented by ? should contain . You need to substitute this with a variable

Hint 1. Meaning of
is a quantity that tells you how much change of the object to the light changes. ANSWER: changes as changes. It is the rate of

. Look for the variable that tells you how quickly or slowly the distance from

Correct
Hint 4. Substitute
Find problem. ANSWER: = , the position of the object as a function of time in terms of the quantities given in the

Completed; correct answer withheld by instructor

ANSWER: =

Correct
Score Summary: Your score on this assignment is 92.3%. You received 36.9 out of a possible total of 40 points.