thth Jh vkbZekrkth dk vorkj&bfrgkl

laor~ 1472 esa xqtjkr ds nkark jkT; vEckiqj esa Jh chdkth Mkch jktiwr jgrs Fks A chdkth Mkch tksxek;k ds ije HkDr Fks A chdkth Mkch ds fookg ds 10&12 o"kZ chrus ij Hkh lUrku lq[k dh izkfIr ugha gqbZ Fkh A vr% fu%larku gksus ds dkj.k os vR;Ur nq%[kh Fks A mudh HkfDr ls izlUu gksdj tksxek;k us mudks LoIu esa nkZu fn;s vkSj dgk chdk rqEgkjh HkfDr iw.kZ gS ojnku ekax A chdkth us larku izkfIr dk ojnku ekaxk]bl ij tksxek;k us izlUu gksdj vkkhokZn fn;k fd eS rqEgkjs ;gkWa vorkj ysdj rqEgkjk ,oa tulk/kkj.k dk nq% [k nwj d#axh A fodze laor~ 1472 Hkknzin 'kqDy f}rh; okj 'kfuokj dh 'kqHk izkr%osyk esa ,d uotkr dU;k chdkth Mkch dks egdrs gjs&Hkjs m|ku esa feyh A ftldk fnO; rst vuqie Fkk A chdkth ,oa mudh iRuh izlUu gq, ,oa vius vki dks HkkX;kkyh le>us yxs fd ekWa ds dgs vuqlkj ojnku@opu fl) gqvk A chdkth dks fookl gks x;k fd ekWa txnEck dU;k #i esa muds ?kj i/kkjh vorkj fy;k gS A ifr&iRuh nksuksa gh dU;k dk ikyu&iks"k.k djus yxs A [kqkh& [kqkh fnu chrus yxs A ,d fnu tkskhth dks ukedj.k djus ds fy, cqyk;k x;k A tkskhth us dq.Myh cukbZ rks vkp;Zpfdr jg x;s A mUgksus dgk ^^;g dU;k lk{kkr~ ekWa txnEck dk #i gS rFkk cM+s gh I;kj ls dU;k dk uke^^thth**j[kk A vius firk dh HkkWaafr thth dh Hkh bZoj HkfDr esa xgjh vkLFkk Fkh A thth ckY;dky ls gh iz[kj cqf) ,oa #i yko.; esa vf}rh; Fkha A og fuR; vius firk ds lkFk vEck efUnj esa nkZu gsrq tkrh Fkhaa A mudh /keZ esa

cM+h #ph Fkh A thth esa vlhe cqf)cy o rst Fkk A og viuh mez ds cPpksa ds lkFk [ksyrh vkSj izR;sd dk nq% [k nnZ lqudj lkaRouk nsrh Fkha A

thth Jh vkbZekrk ckY;dky ds peRdkj

th

ds

cpiu esa gh thth us vius peRdkfjd o nsoh Lo#i dks izdV djuk vkjEHk dj fn;k Fkk A ,d le; dh ckr gS vEckiqj ds fko eafnj esa fkojkf= ioZ euk;k tk jgk Fkk A ,sls esa fko eafnj ds ikl gh ,d Hk;adj ukx fn[kkbZ fn;k A ftlls yksxksa esa HkxnM+ ep xbZ A lkai ds Hk; ls yksx fpYykus yxs ^Hkkxks&Hkkxks* dkyk ukx vk;k lkjs yksxksa dkas bl rjg Hk;Hkhr gksdj Hkkxrs ns[kdj thth us dgk Bgjks A ukx rks nsork rqY; gS A ;fn bUgsa NsM+k ugha tk;s rks ;g fdlh dks uqdlku ugha igqapkrs gSa A vki lc Hk; dks NksM+dj eu esa /kS;Z vkSj lkgl

dks /kkj.k djks A fQj thth us gkFk tksM+dj ukx nsork ls fourh dh&gS ukx nsork vki vius ;Fkk LFkku ij i/kkjdj yksxksa ds eu esa lek, gq, Hk; dks nwj djks A ;gh vkils esjh izkFkZuk gS A thth dh ok.kh esa fnO; feBkl]tknqbZ 'kfDr o J)k Fkh A thth dh fourh lqudj ukx nsork vius ;Fkk LFkku dh vksj ykSVrs gq, ,dne vn`; gks x, A lHkh yksx thth ds /kS;Z]lkgl vkSj peRdkj dh eqDr daB ls izkalk djus yxs vkSj thth ds ikl tkdj ueu djds peRdkj dh ppkZ djrs gq, vius&vius ?kjksa dks ykSV x, A ^thth* ds fur u;s peRdkj yksxksa ds eu esa ;g fookl iSnk djus yxk fd ;g ckfydk dksbZ lk/kkj.k ckfydk u gksdj ekWa nqxkZ dk gh lk{kkr~ vorkj gS A L=h iq#"k ^thth* dks J)k iwoZd ueu djus yxs A o"kkZ _rq dk ekSle Fkk A vpkud vEckiqj esa [kcj QSyh fd ,d cSy vkis ls ckgj gksdj ikxy dh HkkWafr Hkkxk nkSM+k vk jgk gS rFkk yksxksa dh tku ysus ij mrk# gS A og ikxy cuk]yksxksa ij >iV jgk Fkk A vEckiqj esa Hk; dk okrkoj.k Nk x;k A Hk;Hkhr yksxksa us vius ? kjksa ds njokts cUn dj fn;s ,sls foifk ds le; esa thth dSls pqi jg ldrh Fkh \ yksxksa ds yk[k euk djus ij Hkh cSy dks dkcw djus ds fy, fuMj gksdj mlds ikl xbZ A thth dh fnO; n`f"V dk rst ,oa gkFkksa esa ,slk peRdkj Fkk]fd cSy dks Nwrs gh og 'kkUr gks x;k vkSj flj >qdkdj vius jkLrs ij py iM+k A mifLFkr tu leqnk; thth dh okg&okg djus yxs thth rks isze]Lusg]n;k vkSj lUrks"k dh izfrewfrZ Fkh A bl dkj.k dzwj o fgald tho Hkh muds ok esa Fks A ckY;dky esa thth ds ,sls peRdkj ns[kdj yksx mUgsa ueu djus yxs rFkk muds peRdkjksa dh ckrsa

loZ= QSyus yxh A thth us vkthou czp;Z jgus dk n`< ladYi fd;k Fkk A

thth Jh vkbZekrk th dk cknkkg dks peRdkj

thth ds vf}rh; #i ,oa yko.; dh ppkZ ekaMw ekaMy ds cknkkg egewn f[kyth ds dkuksa rd igqWaph thth dh izkalk lqudj eu gh eu mlus ^thth* ls fookg djus dk fup; fd;k A mlus vius duhtks dks thth dks ns[kus ds fy, Hkstk duhtks us vkdj thth ds #i vkSj yko.; dh cknkkg ds le{k Hkwfj&Hkwfj izkalk dh ftlls cknkkg ^thth* dks ikus ds fy;s vkSj T;knk vkrqj ,oa cSpsu gks x;k A cknkkg us 'kh?kz chdkth Mkch dks ekaMw cqyok;k vkSj cksys ^^chdk eq>s rsjh thth ilan gS]eSa mlls C;kg djuk pkgrk gWaw A** chdkth eu gh eu dzks/k ls yky gks x,]ij etcwj Fks A mUgksus cknkkg ls dgk&exj ^^thth** us rks vkthou czp;Z jgus dk n`< ladYi ys j[kk gS]og vkids lkFk 'kknh dSls djsxh A rc cknkkg us xjt dj chdkth ls dgk chdk rqe viuh vkSdkr Hkwy jgs gks]rqEgsa ekywe ugh ge ekaMw ds cknkkg gSa]irk gS rqEgsa] rqEgkjs bUdkj dk eryc rqEgkjs ifjokj dk loZukk A cknkkg dh /kedh Hkjs 'kCn lqudj chdkth Mj ds ekjs Fkj&Fkj dkWaius yxs A ykpkj gksdj chdkth us cknkkg ls dgk ,d ckj eq>s thth dks iwNus dk volj nks]ckn esa vki pkgsa tSlk djuk A

eqj>k;s psgjs]fpUrk esa Mwcs]Mxexkrs dne ,oa vkaWlw Hkjh vkWa[kksa dks tc chdkth dh iRuh us ns[kk]rks os Hkh xgjh fpUrk esa Mwc xbZa A lkgl dj ifr ls iwNk] ifrnso ! vki ij ,slh dkSu lh foifk vk iM+h gS]ftlds dkj.k vkidh ;g gkyr gks x;h gS A rc chdkth us dgk&ekaMw ds cknkkg us thth ls fookg dk izLrko Hkstk gS A eSa /keZ dh j{kk ds [kkfrj vkf[kjh ne rd yMaWwxk A Hkys gh ekrk&firk yk[k fNik;sa]ijUrq txnEck Lo#i thth dks orZeku rks D;k Hkwr&Hkfo"; ,oa gksuh&vugksuh lc dk irk Fkk A fQj Hkh vutku cudj ekrk ,oa firk ls mudh fpUrk dk dj.k iwNk&rc chdkth us cknkkg dk izLrko dg lquk;k A rqjUr thth cksyh&blesa fpUrk dh D;k ckr gS firkth \ eSa rks blh fnu ds bUrtkj esa Fkh]vki rqjUr cknkkg dks fookg dh rS;kfj;kWa djus dk lUnsk fHktokb;s] ijUrq esjh 'krZ crk nsuk fd ^fookg fgUnw jhfr&fjokt ls gh gksxk vkSj oL= vkHkw"k.k 'kkgh gje ls u fHktok,a A

cknkkg us thth dk 'krZ lfgr izLrko lquk rks Qwyk u lek;k A og tksj&kksj ls fookg dh rS;kfj;kWa djus yxk A chdkth us thth ls fookg dh rS;kfj;ksa ds ckjs esa iwNk thth us dgk]firkth ! vki fpUrk u djsa]esjs fy, ,dkUr txg ij ek= ,d

dqfV;k cuk nsa A ckn esa lkjh O;oLFkk ekWa txnEck vius vki dj nsaxh A thth Hkh cM+s mRlkg ls cknkkg dh ckjkr dk bUrtkj djus yxh]D;ksafd thth us vorkj gh blh fnu ds fy, fy;k Fkk]rkfd cknkkg ds c<rs gq, vR;kpkj ,oa vU;k; ls fgUnw iztk dks eqDr djk lds A ekaMw dk cknkkg nwYgk cu]gkFkh ij cSBdj vius lkjs yko&ydj ds lkFk]kkgh BkB&ckB ls ckjkr ysdj vEckiqj vk igqWapk A thth us ckjkr ds Bgjus dh mke O;oLFkk dh A mlus viuh dqfV;k esa ls gh lksus o pkUnh ds Fkky esa O;atu Hkstdj ckjkr esa vk;s gtkjksa yksxksa dks [kkuk f[kyk;k A cknkkg bl peRdkj ls vkp;Zpfdr gks x;k A cknkkg us lPpkbZ tkuus ds fy;s Qdhj dk osk /kkj.k dj dqfV;k ds ikl igqWapk vkSj f[kM+dh ls >kadus yxk A txnEck Lo#i ^thth* us Qdhj ds osk esa cknkkg dks igpku fy;k A thth us viuk izp.M Lo#i izdV fd;k vkSj cknkkg dks vius f=kwy ls uhps fxjk;k A Hk;Hkhr cknkkg ^thth* ds iSjksa esa fxjdj vius izk.kksa dh Hkh[k ekWaxus yxk A ekWa txnEck eq>s ekQ djks vkSj fxM+fxM+kus yxk A rc thth us dgk&cksy vR;kpkjh ! D;k eq>ls 'kknh djsxkk \ nhu nqf[k;ksa ij vR;kpkj djsxk \ ewfrZ;kWa rksM+sxk ,oa efUnj fxjok;sxk \ fgUnqvksa ls tft;k dj ysxk \ cknkkg us Hkfo"; esa ,slk u djus dh dle [kk;h ,oa opu fn;k A bl rjg thth us cknkkg dk eku&enZu dj fgUnw iztk dks mlds vR;kpkjksa ls eqDr djk;k A dqN le; xqtjkr esa fuokl djus ds ckn thth us vius firk ls vkKk ys esokM+ dh vksj izLFkku fd;k A og vius lkFk dqN /kkfeZd xzUFk ,oa lkfgR; dks ,d uUnh ij ykn dj esokM+ ds xkWao&xkWao esa vius ln~fopkjksa dk

izpkj djrh jgh A vius ;ksx lk/kuk ls o`)k dk #i /kkj.k fd;k A

thth Jh vkbZekrkth ds ukjykbZ esa peRdkj

6 ekg rd esokM+ esa Hkze.k ds ckn ekWa thth us xksMokM+ {ks= esa izosk fd;k izkphu rhFkZ LFkku ukjykbZ esa ^ekWa thth* us loZ izFke tXxk ifjgkj ds ogkWa vkdj jkf= foJke fd;k A thth us viuk uUnh bZoj HkDr tXxk ifjgkj ds ?kj ij ,d [kwaVs ls cka/kdj Lo;a tSdysoj egknso efUnj ds nkZukFkZ igkM+h dh pksVh ij x;h A thth tSls gh pksVh ij igWaqph]rc iqtkjh us efUnj ds njokts cUn dj fn;s Fks rc thth us iqtkjh ls vkxzg fd;k fd eSa o`)k gWaw A ckj&ckj igkM+h ij p< ugha ldrh A eS fko ds nkZu djus vk;h gWaw A vr% rqe iqu% efUnj ds }kj [kksy nks]eq>s nkZu djus nks A iqtkjh us dM+drs gq, dgk ^vc efUnj ds iV cUn gks x, gSa]vkt nkZu ugha gks ldrs A nkZu djus gSa rks dy vk tkuk A thth us cgqr le>k;k]ysfdu iqtkjh ugha ekuk A rc thth us vius fpfV;s fpeVk ls efUnj ds iV dks Nqvk A Nwrs gh efUnj ds

iV vius vki [kqy x;s A iqtkjh ;g peRdkj ns[kdj HkkSapDdk jg x;k A tSls gh thth us nwljh rjQ viuk fpfV;k ?kqek;k]oSls gh igkM+h ds chp esa ,d xqQk izdV gks x;h]xqQk izdV gksrs gh nsoh ds peRdkj ls ,d fkyk v/kj gh jg xbZ A tSsdysoj igkM+ ij fLFkr blh xqQk esa ekWaa thth us riL;k dh ,oa v[k.M T;ksr dh LFkkiuk dh]tks vkt rd ekStwn gS A tgkWa vkt Hkh dslj izdV gksrk gS A ,slk dgk tkrk gS fd vkt Hkh bl xqQk ds vkl&ikl nsoh dk flag utj vkrk gS A ftls dqN yksxksa us viuh vkWaa[kksa ls ns[kk gS A vkt Hkh vkbZ iaFk ds Mksjk cU/k yksx fookg ds volj ij ekSj ca/k tkr nsrs gSa A gj ekl dh pkWanuh cht dks ;gkWa HkDr eUur p<kus vkrs gSa A bl ikou LFky ij izfro"kZ Hkknzin cht dks fokky esyk yxrk gS A Jh vkbZekrk ds bl eafnj ds fy, lhjoh lekt ,oa lHkh /keksZa ds yksxksa esa vVwV J)k ,oa vkLFkk fnuksa fnu c< jgh gS A

thth Jh vkbZekrkth }kjk LFkkfir [kwafV;k nso

Jh vkbZ ekrk tSdysoj ioZr ij egknsoth ds nkZu dj iqu% tXxkth ifjgkj ds ;gkWa ykSVdj vkbZ rc mUgsa ^vkbZ iaFk* ds ckjs esa /kekaZinsk fn;k A tXxk ifjgkj ds ?kj ij ekWa us viuk uUnh ftl [kwaVs ls cka/kk Fkk og Hkh lk/kkj.k [kwaVk u jg dj peRdkjh [kwaVk gks x;k A 'krkfCn;ka chr tkus ds i'pkr~ tXxkth ifjgkj dk ifjokj dkQh cM+k gks x;k]rks ifjokj okyksa us bl ?kj dk caVokjk djus dk r; fd;k A ml le; edku ds chp fLFkr [kwaVs dks O;FkZ le>dj fudkyus dk fup; fd;k vkSj ml LFkku dks [kksnuk 'kq# fd;k A vkbZ ekrk ds peRdkj Lo#i ;g [kwaVk ftruk xgjk [kksnk x;k mruk [kwaVk c<rk x;k A ogkWa ij ikuh fudyus yxk A [kwaVs dks gVkus dh lHkh dksfkksas O;FkZ xbZ vkSj [kwaVs dks vkap rd ugha vkbZ A tXxk ifjgkj ds ifjokj okys Mj ds ekjs rkykc ij fLFkr lqa/kk ekrkth ds eafnj ds Hkksikth fdkuflag th jktiwr ds ikl igqaps fcuk iwtk&/kwi ds gh nsoh dk rst gqvk vkSj Hkksikth us dgk fd rqEgkjs ;gkWa tks [kwaVk gS]og ,slk oSlk [kwaVk ugha gS cfYd vkbZekrkth ds }kjk LFkkfir fd;k gqvk gS A bl [kwaVs dks fudkyus dh dksfkk Hkh er djuk vksj ml LFkku ij vkbZ ekrkth dk LFkku LFkkfir dj iwtk vpZuk djks]ml le; ifjgkj ifjokj ds lnL;ksa us feydj [kwafV;k vkbZ ekrkth efUnj dk fuekZ.k djokdj izk.k izfr"Bk djokbZ A ;gkWa ij vkt Hkh v[k.M T;ksr izTTofyr gS vkSj vkt Hkh ^[kwafV;k ckck* ds uke ls izfl) gS A

ekWa thth us dqN eghus ukjykbZ esa jgdj vius minskksa ls vkl ikl ds yksxksa dks ykHkkfUor fd;k A yksx muds minskksa ls izHkkfor gksdj muds MksjkcU/k vuq;k;h cus vkSj vkbZ iaFk ls tqM+rs x, A

thth Jh vkbZ ekrkth ds Mk;yk.kk esa peRdkj

tsB vk"kk< dk eghuk Fkk lw;Z dh rst xehZ 'kjhj dks >qylk jgh Fkh A ,sls esa ekWaa thth ukjykbZ ls Hk;adj xehZ esa vius uUnh dks lkFk ysdj vkbZ iaFk ds izpkj ds fy, xkWao&xkWao minsk nsrh ?kwe jgh Fkha A ekWa thth ?kwerh&?kwerh xkWo Mk;ykuk vk igqWaph A Hk;adj xehZ ,oa I;kl yxus ds dkj.k ekWa thth Fkd xbZ Fkh A og [ksrksa esa gy pyk jgs fdlkuksa ds ikl igqWaph rc ogkWa vkSj vkl&ikl ds [ksrksa esa gy pyk jgs fdlku ekWa thth ds ikl ,d= gks x;s vkSj mudh dqky{kse iwNh A [ksrksa ds vkl&ikl dksbZ o`{k ugha

Fkk A fdlkuksa us cM+ dh ydM+h ds cus gq, vius gyksa dks bdV~Bk dj ekW thth ds foJke ds fy;s Nk;k dh A ekWa thth us fdlkuksa ls dgk&eq>s ,oa uUnh dks cM+h I;kl yxh gS A fdlku cksys ekrkth vkids ihus ds fy, rks gekjs ikl ty gS]ijUrq uUnh dks ikuh fiykus cgqr nwj ys tkuk iM+sxk A D;kasfd ;gkWa vkl&ikl ds rkykc esa ikuh ugha gS A thth us gaWalrs gq, dgk&;gkWa ikuh dh dksbZ deh ugha gS A vki yksx >waB D;ksa cksy jgs gSa \ fdlkuksa us gkFk tksM+dj dgk]ekrkth ge lp dg jgs gSa A ;gkWa ikuh dh cM+h Hkkjh deh gS A vkl&ikl ds dqvksa ,oa rkykc esa ikuh lw[k x;k gS A ge cMs+ nq% [kh gSa A thth us dgk uUnh dks lkFk ys tkdj ns[kks eq>s rks rqEgkjs rkykc esa [kwc ikuh fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS A fdlkuksa dks ekWa thth ds 'kCnksa ij fookl ugha gqvk ysfdu uUnh dks lkFk ysdj ikuh fiykus x;s rks ns[kk fd rkykc ikuh ls yckyc Hkjk gqvk Fkk A os [kqkh ls >we mBs]os nkSM+dj ekWa thth ds pj.kksa esa iz.kke djus yxs A thth ds peRdkjksa ds ckjs esa igys ls ppkZ lqu j[kh Fkh]ijUrq Mk;yk.kk esa thth ds peRdkj dh ckr taxy esa vkx dh HkkWafr 'kh?kz gh lkjs xkWao esa QSy xbZ A yksx ekWa thth ds nkZu djus ds fy, [ksr esa vkus yxs A fdlkuksa us ekWa thth dks xkWao esa pyus dh izkFkZuk dh A thth us dgk eSa ;gha ij jkf= foJke d#Waxh A rqe yksx vius ?kj tkvks A nsj jk=h rd thth ds minsk lqudj lHkh yksx vius&vius ?kj ykSV x, A izkr% tYnh gh L=h&iq#"k ,oa ckyd ekWa thth ds nkZukFkZ meM+ iMs+]rks mUgksaus tks peRdkj ns[kk rks ns[krs gh vkWa[ksa [kqyh dh [kqyh jg xbZ A ftl LFkku ij fdlku yksxksa us vius gy [kM+s dj thth ds foJke ds fy;s Nk;k dh Fkh ml LFkku ij ,d cM+k Nk;knkj

cM+ dk o`{k [kM+k Fkk A ml cM+ ds o`{k ij jksfg.k dk Hkh NksVk lk isM+ [kM+k Fkk A lHkh ds eLrd J)k iwoZd ekWa thth ds pj.kksa esa >qd x, Mk;yk.kk esa vkt Hkh lnkj.k csjk ij cM+ dk o`{k [kM+k gS A ;gkWa ij ekWa thth }kjk LFkkfir v[k.M T;ksr vkt Hkh tyrh gS A ekWa thth us ;gkWa dbZ fnuksa rd foJke fd;k ,oa ;gkWa ds yksxksa dks vius minskksa ls ykHkkfUor dj viuk vuq;k;h cuk;k A ;gkWa izfro"kZ tsB eghus esa HkO; esyk yxrk gS A

thth Jh vkbZ ekrkth ds HkSalk.kk esa peRdkj

Jh thth ekrk us Mk;yk.kk esa dkQh fnu jgdj viuh ;k=k iqu% izkjEHk dh A rc os ?kwerh&?kwerh HkSlk.kk xzke tk igqWaph A vius uUnh ds lkFk rkykc ds ikl ls xqtj jgh Fkh A rc lkeus ls dqN Xokys viuh HkSlksa dks ysdj vk jgs Fks rks vkil esa dgus yxs ns[kks ! lkeus ,d o`)k dSlk Lokax cuk dj vk jgh gS A os fpYykdj cksys ,s Mksdjh ! tjk nwj jguk dgha gekjs tkuojksa dks HkM+dk;sxh A ekWa thth us le>k;k]rqe vius tkuojksa dks ysdj pys tkvks os ugha HkM+dsaxs A fQj Hkh Xokys thth dks Hkyk&cqjk dgus yxs A os Xokys cM+s gh vfHkekuh]funZ;h Fks A yksxksa dh [kM+h Qlyksa esa vius tkuoj pjkuk mudh fnup;kZ Fkh A vkl ikl ds xkWaoksa ds fdlku muds vkrad ls nq%[kh Fks A thth dk vorkj rks nhu nqf[k;ksa dh lgk;rk djus ,oa vR;kpkjh]vU;k;h ,oa ?kef.M;ksa dk foukk djus ds fy, gh

gqvk Fkk A ekWa thth us Xokyksa dks Jki fn;k&^^tkvks rqEgkjh HkSlsa iRFkj dh cu tk;saxh A** bruk dg dj thth vkxs py iM+ha A tc Xokyksa us rkykc ij tkdj ns[kk rks mudh HkSlsa iRFkj dh gks x;h Fkha A rc mUgsa fpUrk gqbZ A muesa ls ,d Xokyk cksyk geus O;FkZ gh ml o`)k dks NsM+k ,oa lrk;k Fkk A gesa ml o`)k ls ekQh ekaxuh pkfg, A gks ldrk gS]og gesa {ek dj nsa A ugha rks gekjk loZukk gks tk;sxk A Xokys ekWa thth ds in fpUgksa dks ns[krs gq, muds ihNs Hkkxs A os tkdj ekWa thth ds pj.kksa esa fxjdj fxM+fxM+kus yxs&ekWa thth gesa ekQ dj nks A ge ikih gSa]nks"kh gSa A ekWa ge cckZn gks tk;saxs A ;s gekjh vkthfodk dk ,d ek= lgkjk gS A gekjs cky&cPps Hkw[ks ej tk;saxs A n;k djks ekWa A ekWa thth us mUgsa le>k;k&dHkh ?ke.M er djks A dHkh Hkh vcyk]o`)k vkSj tkuojksa dks er lrkvks A [ksrksa esa [kM+h Qlyksa dks dHkh uqdlku er igqWapkvks A Xokyksa us ekWa thth ds lkeus iz.k fy;k ,oa opu fn;k fd Hkfo"; esa ,slk ugha djsaxsa A fQj thth us mUgas viuk vuq;k;h cuk;k A ekWa thth ds peRdkjksa ls iRFkj cuh gqbZ HkSlksa ds fukku vkt Hkh xkWao HkSlk.kk ds rkykc ij ekStwn gSa A

thth Jh vkbZekrkth dk jktk jk;ey dks peRdkj

esokM+ jkT; ij ,d ckj foifk ds ckny eaMjk;s A jk.kk dqEHkk ds ckn mlds mkjkf/kdkjh dks ysdj >xM+k 'kq# gks x;k A jktk jk;ey Hkh viuh xn~nh NksM+dj lkstr {ks= esa nj&nj HkVd jgs Fks A ekWa thth ds peRdkjksa dh ppkZ pkjksa fnkkvksa esa QSyh gqbZ Fkh A jktk jk;ey us Hkh ekW thth ds peRdkjksa ds ckjs esa lquk Fkk A mudh Hkh bPNk gqbZ fd ekWa thth ds nkZu djus ds fy, tkWa A ekWa thth tgkWa ij HkDrksa dks minsk nsrh Fkha ogkWa jk;eyth ekWa thth dk vkkhokZn ysus i/kkjs A tSls gh jk;eyth ekWa thth ds pj.kksa esa >qds vkSj iz.kke fd;k rc ekWa thth us dgk&iq= rqEgkjk Hkyk gks vkSj jktxh ikvks rFkk tu lk/kkj.k dk Hkyk djks A ekWa thth dk vkkhokZn lqudj jk;ey th vkp;Z esa iM+ x;s A mUgksus dgk&ekWa esjk rks jkT; gh Nhu fy;k x;k gS]yksx esjs [kwu ds I;kls gSa A eSa 'kj.kkxr dh HkkWafr nj&nj HkVd jgk gWwa A dSls jktxh feysxh \ /kS;Z /kkj.k djks]fookl djks lc Bhd gksxk A rqe ;gkWa ls esokM+ pys tkvks A ,d ekg ckn esokM+ jkT; ds lkear vius vki vkdj vkidks ys tk;asxs vkSj esokM+ jkT; ds flagklu ij cSBk;saxs A jk;ey us ekWa dks iz.kke dj dgk vki ds opu QyhHkwr gq, rks eS vkidk HkDr cuk jgawxk rFkk vkids minskksa dk lnSo ikyu d#axk A jk;eyth esokM+ izLFkku dj x, A os esokM+ esa jgus yxs A Bhd ,d ekg ckn esokM+ ds lkear i/kkjs vkSj jk;eyth ls cksys vki 'kh?kz esokM+ i/kkj dj jktxh laHkkys A jk;eyth us esokM+ vkdj iqu% jkT; dh ckxMksj vius gkFkksa esa laHkkyh A os 'kh?kz ekWa thth ds ikl

igqWaps vkSj muds pj.kksa esa 'khk uok;k A ekWa thth vkidk ;g lsod vkidh lsok esa gkftj gS A gqDe djsa]vkidh vkKk dk ikyu d#axk A jk;eyth dks ekWa thth us vius ikl cSBk;k vkSj vius eq[k ls minsk nsrs gq, dgk&fuHkZ; gksdj vkuUniwoZd jkt djks A xjhcksa]vlgk;ksa]vcykvksa ,oa nhu nq%f[k;ksa dh lsok djks A fdlkuksa dh enn djks >waB dHkh er cksyks A ekrk firk dh lsok djks A ;gh esjh lsok gS A jktk us ekWa thth ds ln~opuksa dks /;kuiwoZd lquk ,oa mudks vius thou esa viukus dk opu fn;k A mUgksus thth ls dgk vkidh d`ik ls eq>s iqu% esokM+ dk jkt flagklu feyk vki esjs jkT; esa ls 10 xkWao HksaV Lo#i Lohdkj djsa rFkk esokM+ i/kkjdj fojktsa rkfd eS vkidh lsok dj ldwWa A ekW thth us esokM+ tkus dk vkxzg vLohdkj dj fn;k A jk;eyth ekWa thth dks dqN u dqN HksaV lPps eu ls nsuk pkg jgs Fks A esokM+ jkT; dh lhek esa Mk;yk.kk xzke tgkWa ij ekWa thth us cM+ izdV dj v[k.M T;ksr dh LFkkiuk dh Fkh A blh efUnj dh ns[k Hkky ,oa v[k.M T;ksr dh vk; gsrq 500 ch?kk tehu ekWa thth dks HksaV Lo#i nh rFkk jk;eyth us opu fn;k fd esjs oakt tks Hkh jktxn~nh ij fojkteku gksaxs A oks Hkh Jh vkbZekrk dks 50 ch?kk tehu HksaV djsaxs A bl izdkj ekWa thth us jk;eyth dks ijpk nsdj vius vkbZ iaFk dk HkDr cuk;k A

thth Jh vkbZekrkth dk ^^thth&iky** dk peRdkj

ekWa thth us lHkh txg viuk fnO; peRdkj nsrs gq, fcyksth lhjoh fcykokl dks eqag ekaxk ojnku nsdj vkxs Hkze.k djrh gqbZ irkfy;kokl vkbZ A tgkWa ij lhjoh tkfr ds yksx cM+h la[;k esa jgrs Fks A irkfy;kokl ds vkl

ikl NksVh eksVh igkfM+;ka ds lkFk ckyw tehu gksus ds dkj.k o"kkZ ds ikuh ds lkFk feV~Vh cg tkus ls Hkwfe iFkjhyh vkSj catj lh gks xbZ Fkh A fdlku vius [ksrksa ds pkjksa rjQ esM+ cukrs Fks ysfdu o"kkZ ls mudk iz;kl iy Hkj esa gh csdkj gks tkrk Fkk A tc ekWa thth ;gkWa vkbZ rc fdlkuksa us [kwc vknj lRdkj fd;k A ekWa thth us fdlkuksa dk vuqjks/k Lohdkj djrs gq, jkf= foJke fd;k A fdlkuksa us viuk nq%[k ekWa thth dks lquk;k A ekWa thth us mudh ckr lqudj fdlkuksa dks /kS;Z fnyk;k A nUrdFkk ds vuqlkj ekWa thth mcM+ [kkcM+ jkLrs ls vius uUnh ds lkFk vkbZ rks mudh ekstM+h esa jsr vk xbZ Fkh A ,d fdlku HkDr us ekstM+h esa Hkjh gqbZ jsr dks >kM+k rks lqcg ogkWa ij yEch lh iky cu xbZ A vpkud cuh iky ns[kdj fdlku [kqkh ls ukp mBs A ekWa thth ds vkkhokZn ls ;gkWa ikuh dh dksbZ leL;k ugha jgh A thth&iky ds voks"k vkt Hkh fo|eku gS A ekWa thth ds bl fnO; peRdkj dks vkt Hkh yksx J)k ls ueu djrs gSa A

thth Jh vkbZekrkth dk csjk cM+k vjV ij fdlkuksa dks peRdkj

fcykM+k ls yxHkx ,d fdyksehVj nwj ifpe fnkk esa nhoku jksfgrnklth ds tksM+ tkus okys lM+d ekxZ ij csjk cM+k vjV fLFkr gS A csjk cM+k vjV ds fdlkuksa us ekrkth ls fuosnu fd;k fd ekW thth vkidh vkKk gks rks ge bl ckj csjk cM+k vjV ij Tokj cksuk pkgrs gSa A fdlkuksa dk fouez fuosnu lqudj ekW thth us gf"kZr eu ls dgk&^fdlku HkkbZ;ksa* [ksrksa esa cht cksus dh 'kqHk csyk vk"kk< lqnh cht 'kfuokj dks izkr% dky gS A vr% vki lc vius&vius gy o cSyksa dks ysdj csjk cM+k vjV ij vk tkuk vkSj 100 ch? kk tehu dh ,d ckj tqrkbZ djds Tokj cksuk A leLr cSyksa ds fy;s pkjk]fdlku HkkbZ;ksa ds fy;s Hkj isV Hkkstu ,oa vPNs cht dh O;oLFkk eSa Lo;a d#axh A ekrkth ds vknskkuqlkj fdlku vius&vius gy o cSyksa lfgr vk"kk< lqnh cht 'kfuokj dks izkr% dky csjk cM+k vjV ij igqWap dj ekW thth ds vknskkuqlkj 100 ch?kk tehu ij gy pykdj vPNh tqrkbZ dh A fdlkuksa us ekWa thth dks ,d fNcksfy;k esa lkaxjh dk lkx o jksfV;kWa]eqV~Bh Hkj Tokj vkSj ,d pkjs dk iqyk ysdj vkrs gq, ns[kk dqN fdlkuksa us ekW thth dk etkd cukuk 'kq# fd;k rks dqN vpfEHkr gq, A ekWa thth us dgk vki lc viuh viuh >ksyh;kWa ysdj esjs ikl vkvks vkSj Tokj dk cht ys yks A izR;sd fdlku >ksfy;kWa ysdj vk;s vkSj ekWa thth

us ,d ,d dj lcdh >ksfy;ksa esa eqV~Bh Hkj Tokj Mkyh]ijUrq ekrkth ds >ksys esa eqV~Bh Tokj de ugha gqbZ A 100 ch?kk [skr esa cht cksus ij Hkh izR;sd fdlku ds >ksys esa ,d eqV~Bh Tokj T;ksa dh R;ksa jgh A rc pfdr fdlku ,d lkFk cksys t; vEcseS;k]yhyk Fkkjh vijEikj gS A ekWa thth us dgk vius >ksys dh ,d eqV~Bh Tokj dks vki lc vius ? kjksa ds /kku ds dksBkj esa Mky nsuk]lcds ?kjksa esa /kku ds Hk.Mkj Hkjs jgsaxsa vkSj dHkh Hkh /kku dh deh ugha gksxh A fQj cSyksa dks pkjk f[kykus dh ckr vkbZ rks ekrkth us leLr cSyksa ds fy, ,d ,d iqyk ?kkl pkjk nsuk 'kq# fd;k ysfdu ekrkth ds ikl dk ,d iqyk ?kkl pkjk fQj Hkh cp x;k A cSyksa us HkjisV pkjk [kk;k fQj Hkh ,d iqyk ?kkl ;wWa dk ;wWa cp x;k A ;g peRdkj ns[kdj fdlku nkarksa rys viuh vaxqyh nckus yxs A csjk cM+k vjV ij fLFkr uhe ds isM+ dh Nk;k esa 'kkUr eqnzk esa fojkteku ekWa thth us fdlkuksa ls dgk&vc vki leLr yksx esjs ikl vkdj cSBks vkSj vkjke ls Hkkstu dj yks A ysfdu fdlkuksa dks 'kadk gqbZ ,d fNcksfy;k Hkj jksfV;ksa ls gekjh Hkw[k dSls feVsxh \ fQj leLr fdlku cSBdj Hkkstu djus yxs A fdlkuksa us vkjke ls Hkj isV Hkkstu fd;k]ijUrq fNcksfy;s esa jksfV;kWa o lCth ftruh Fkh mruh gh jgh A fdlkuksa us ekWa thth dk ;g fnO; peRdkj ns[kk rks nkarksa rys vaxqfy;kWa nckus yxs A ekWa thth }kjk csjk cM+k vjV ij fn;s x;s fnO; peRdkj dh ppkZ vkt Hkh yksxksa ds tqcku ij gS A

thth Jh vkbZekrkth HkSy dk bfrgkl

fodze laor~ 1521 Hkknoh cht 'kfuokj dks ekWa thth vius uUnh cSy ds lax o`) #i esa fcykM+k i/kkjha A fcykM+k vkus ij gh ekWa thth dk uke vkbZekrkth iM+k A fcykM+k esa ekrkth tk.kksth jkBkSM+ xokM+h esa i/kkjh A tk.kksth dh lsok Hkko ls izlUu gksdj ekrk us muds [kks, iq= ek/ko dks feyk;k A tk.kksth dh e`R;q ds ckn ek/koth fnu jkr ekrkth dh lsok djrs vkSj xkWao&xkWao ?kwedj vkbZ iaFk dk izpkj djrs A tkfr&ikfr dk Hksn Hkko fd, fcuk mUgsa ekrkth dk minsk nsrs vkSj mUgsa Mksjk cU/k cukdj ^vkbZ&iaFk* esa nhf{kr djrs A ,d ckj ek/koth us ekrkth ls vtZ dh ekWa vki esjs lkFk ?kwe&?kwedj vkbZ iaFk dk izpkj djsa A yksxksa esa vkids izfr vikj J)k gS A vkbZ ekrkth us dgk&ek/koth o`)koLFkk ds dkj.k eq>s pyus fQjus esa dfBukbZ gksrh gS A esjh Hkh bPNk gS fd xkWao&xkWao ?kwedj yksxksa dk d"V nwj d#Wa A rqe ,d dke djks esjs fy;s cSyxkM+huqek ,d jFk cuokvks A eSa mlesa cSBdj rqEgkjs lkFk xkWao&xkWao vkbZ iaFk dk izpkj d#axh A rc ek/koth us vkbZekrkth dh vkKk ls cSyxkM+huqek jFk cuok;k A fQj vkbZekrk Lo;a fcjkteku gksdj xkWao&xkWao ?kwedj vkbZ iaFk dk izpkj djus yxh ftls ek/koth Lo;a gkadrs Fks A ;gh cSyxkM+huqek jFk dks vkbZekrkth dh HkSy dgrs gSa A fcykM+k esa ekrkth ds vUrZ/;ku gksus ds ckn vc vkbZ ekrk dh HkSy jFk esa Jh vkbZ ekrkth dh rLohj]vkRe nkZu gsrq niZ.k]v[k.M T;ksr vkSj ekrkth ds Le`fr fpUg j[ks gq, gSa A ;gh HkSy o"kZ Hkj ?kwe ? kwedj vkbZ iaFk dk izpkj djrh gS ,oa tks yksx fut efUnj esa vkdj vkbZekrkth ds nkZu ugha dj ikrs os yksx blh

HkSy ds nkZu dj ykHkkfUor gksrs gSa A pkj cM+h cht]pS= lqnh cht]oSkk[k lqnh cht]Hknok lqnh cht ,oa ek?k lqnh cht dks ;g /keZ jFk HkSy tgkWa dgha Hkh gks fcykM+k vk tkrh gS A

thth Jh vkbZekrkth dk vUrZ/;ku gksuk

ekWa vkbZth us nhu nq%f[k;ksa ds nq%[k nnZ nwj djus ds fy, vorkj fy;k Fkk A ;g dk;Z yxHkx iw.kZ gks pqdk Fkk rks ekrkth us vUrZ/;ku gksus dk eu cuk fy;k A vius J)kyqvksa]HkDrksa vkSj lk/kq&larksa dks fodze laor~ 1561 ps= lqnh cht 'kfuokj dks vUrZ/;ku gksus dh ckr dgh A vkf[kj og fnu vk x;k tc vius gtkjksa HkDrksa dks viuk vfUre minsk lqukdj dgk fd eSa vUrZ/;ku gksus tk jgh gWaw A vki 7 fnu rd dksVM+h ds fdaokM+ er [kksyuk A rc mifLFkr J)kyq HkDrksa vkSj lk/kq larksa us ekrkth ls izkFkZuk dh fd ekrkth vkids nkZu ds fcuk rks ge vkSj gekjs cPps vUu ty rd xzg.k ugha djrs gSa A vr% 7 fnu rd ge vkSj gekjs cPps vkids fcuk vUu ty ds dSls jgsaxs \ rc

ekrkth us dgk vki yksx nhoku xks;Unnkl th dks gh esjk #i le>uk A buds nkZu dks esjs nkZu rqY; le>uk A izkr%dky d.kkewaB eqV~Bh Hkj vUu p<kuk ftls esjh iwtk le>uk A jksVh cukrs le; igyh jksVh dks esjh xknh ds vkxs izlkn Lo#i p<kuk A ,slk djus ls vkids lkjs euksjFk iw.kZ gksaxs A nwljksa ds cgdkos esa er vkuk A tks esjh csy cka/ks j[ksxk A esjs crk, vkbZ iaFk ds X;kjg fu;eksa dk ikyu djsxk vkSj esjk /;ku djus okys dks dHkh Hkh dksbZ foifk ughaa vk;sxh A eSa gj iy]gj {k.k mlds lkFk jgawxh A bl izdkj viuh ckr dgdj vkbZekrkth us vius lky ds fdaokM+ cUn dj fn;s A ;s ve`rok.kh Jh vkbZekrk ds vfUre minsk gh ugha vfirq ekWa txnEck ds opu fl) Fks A ftldk ikyu djus ij gj izdkj dh foifk ls cpk tk ldrk gS A lHkh HkDrx.k lky ds ckgj Jh vkbZekrk dh HkfDr Hkkouk esa yhu Fks A lHkh dks lkr fnuksa dk bartkj Fkk A os ekWa vkbZth ds fo;ksx ls ije nq%[kh Fks A yksx vkil esa rjg rjg dh ckrsa djus yxs A os ckj ckj xks;Unnklth ls lky ds fdaokM+ [kksyus dk vkxzg dj jgs Fks A pkj fnu chrus ds ckn vkf[kj ikWapos fnu yksxksa dk /kS;Z VwV x;k A ekWa vkbZekrk ds opuksa dh ijokg fd;s cxSj xks;Unnklth ij fdaokM+ [kksyus ds fy, ncko Mkyuk 'kq# fd;k A xks;Unnklth us le>k;k ekWa vkbZekrk us 7 fnu rd fdaokM+ ugha [kksyus dk vknsk fn;k gS vkSj lkr fnu ckn eS blh xknh ij vkidks feyWawxh dgk gS blfy, fdaokM+ [kksy nsaxs rks vkidks iNrkos ds vykok dqN Hkh gkFk ugha yxsxk blfy, ;g mfpr ugha gS A vkf[kj yksxksa us mudh ckr u ekurs gq, ikWapos fnu gh dksVM+h ds fdaokM+ [kksy fn, A tSls gh lky ds }kj [kksys yksxksa us ,d izTTofyr T;ksr dks vkdkk dh vksj tkrs gq, ns[kk A xknh ij vkbZekrk dk Hkxok pksyk]ekstM+h]xzUFk]ikWap ukfj;y o ekyk gh feyh A Jh vkbZekrk vUrZ/;ku gks xbZ Fkha A ;g ns[kdj yksxks dks Hkkjh nq%[k gqvk A xks;Unnklth us lcdks le>k;k gksuh dks dkSu Vky ldrk gS \ vc iNrkus ls D;k gksxk \

vkius vkbZekrk dk dguk u ekudj ikWaposa fnu gh dksVM+h dk njoktk [kqyok fn;k A vc vki yksx jksus ,oa iNrkus dh ctk; lPps eu ls Jh vkbZekrk ds crk, fu;eksa dk Lej.k dj lnSo ikyu djks A oks lnSo gekjs lkFk jgsaxh A

csy D;k gS \
dkad.k dkpks lwr jks]rkj X;kjg rke A xkaB bZX;kjg Qkcrk]ckaf/kts ekWa vkbZ uke AA gkFk the.kks iq#"k js]L=h xys vuwi A nsoh vorkj ukS]vr fgr fpr pwi AA Mksjks vkbZ ekrk jks]lkpks ckWa/ks tks; A eu pkgk dkjt ljs]fo?u u O;kis dks; AA

thth Jh vkbZekrkth csy ds X;kjg fu;e

csy vkbZ jh ckaW/kks HkkbZ]use /keZ lc ikyks HkkbZ A ijFke >wB rtks lq[k ikbZ]nwtks rks en ekal NqM+kbZ A rhtks C;kt ij /ku u ysoks]pkSFks tqvk dHkh ugha [ksyks A iape ekrk&firk jh lsok]NBs vH;kxr gks nsok A lkr xq# dh vkKk ikyks]vkBksa ij&fgr ekxZ pkyks A uo ij ukjh ekrk tk.kks]nl dU;k dks /kje ij.kkvks A

LokFkZ dkt u vdje djuk]xkWaB bX;kjg lRekjx pyuk A gkFk iq#"k vkSj xys yqxkbZ]ckaW/kks csy dgks t; vkbZ A t; vkbZ Jh vEcs ekbZ]nso nuqt lc rsjks ;k xkbZ A csy vkbZ jh ckaW/kks HkkbZ]use /kje lc ikyks HkkbZ A

thth Jh vkbZekrkth }kjk crk, x, fu;e ,oa minsk

Jh vkbZ ekrkth us dgk&tks bu fu;eksa dk ikyu djsxk]oks esjk vuU; HkDr gksxk vkSj eSa lnSo mlds lkFk jgawxh A
01-fdlh Hkh /keZ dh fuUnk er djuk A 02-pksjh tkjh tho fgalk er djuk A 03-nwljh vkRek dks d"V er igqWapkuk A 04-'kjkc]ekWal]vQhe vkfn ls lnk nwj jguk A 05-leiZ.k o ,dfu"B Hkko ls ekrk&firk dh lsok djuk A

06-#i;k&iSlk ysdj csVh dh 'kknh er djuk A dU;k dks /kje ij.kkoks 07-lk/kq]lUrksa dh lsok djuk vkSj mudh vkKk dk ikyu djuk A 08-osn 'kkL= dh fuUnk er djuk o fuUnk djus okyksa ds ikl er cSBuk A 09->wB opu dHkh ugha cksyuk A 10-ijkbZ L=h dks ekWa&cfgu ds leku le>ukA 11-ik[k.M er djuk o ik[kafM;ksa ls lnk nwj jguk A 12-fdlh ls C;kt ij /ku er ysuk A 13-izkr% mBdj /kjrh ekrk dks rhu ckj iz.kke djuk A 14-ikjksidkj djuk o lnkpkj dk ikyu djuk A 15-tqvk dHkh Hkh ugha [ksyuk A 16-la/;k ,dkxzfpk J)k Hkko ls /;ku djuk A ?kj esa ?kh dk nhid tykuk tykuk vkSj vkbZ ekrk ds nkZu djuk A 17-/keZ dk ekxZ er NksM+uk A
18-Hkkstu cukdj esjk Lej.k yxkdj]Hkkstu xzg.k djukA dj izFke eq>s Hkksx

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