Tn: o L Hong Thin MSSV: 09111083 AN TON LAO NG KHI LM VIC TRONG KHNG GIAN HP

I. Gii thiu:
+ Lm vic trong khng gian hn ch l mt trong nhng cng vic v cng nguy him v dn n t tai nn lao ng cao nht. + Khng gian hn ch l nhng ni m chng ta s tin hnh cng vic nhng b gii hn bi: - Hn ch bi khong khng, v tr lm vic -Thiu hoc tha xy trong khng kh - C s xut hin ca kh c, chy gy chy - Hn ch li thot + Khng gian hn ch c th l: -Hm l, -Bn cha -ng ng, Ming h...v..v

II. Nhng nguy c v ri ro:

1.Nguy c: Lm vic trong khng gian hp nh bn trong cc khi gia nhit, khi ph, bn trong l, v.v.. lun mang n nguy c b ngt do thiu dng kh hoc b nhim c bi cc loi kh, hi c khc. Do , lun phi thc hin cc bin php an ton sau y trc khi vo lm vic trong khng gian trt hp. Cng vic sa cha my mc, thit b mang in trong khng gian lm vic hp cn c th dn n nhng va ng trc tip vi ngun in dn n tai nn. 2.Cc m i r i ro trong khng gian h n ch :
Ngoi nhng yu t ri ro t thit b my mc, khi lm vic trong khng gian hn ch chng ta cn xem xt cc yu t sau: Thi u O xy : xy ra khi m: - Phn ng ha hc gia khng kh v mt s hp cht c trong t hay vt liu, nguyn liu trong khu vc lm vic - Do cc kh khc nh CO2 xut hin v chim ch ca Oxy trong khng kh - Do cc loi vi khun him kh n ht Oxy c trong khu vc - Do mt s loi ha cht cha trong bn, container..phn ng vi Oxy Kh c: - Xy ra khi chng ta tip xc vi ngun kh c cha trong bn - Kh c n theo cc ca hoc ng ng thng vi khu vc lm vic - C sn trong lng t hoc hm l Nguy c chy n : - Do cc cht chy n tim n - Do nhit tng cao trong qu trnh lm vic - Do s dng vt liu hoc cht d gy chy n Khi b i: - Do thiu gi, thiu thng thong

- Bi to ra trong qu trnh lm vic nh sng: - Li thot, phm vi hot ng

III. Bin php an ton:

- Chc chn rng khng gian hp c thng gi v nu thy cn thit phi yu cu b sung thm thit b thng gi tm thi. - Phi kim tra nng kh xy v cc loi kh c trc khi bt u cng vic bn trong. Nng xy trong khu vc lm vic phi nm trong di 19,521% v nng kh c, kh chy n phi nm trong gii hn cho php. - Chc chn rng lun c 01 ngi ng bn ngoi vng khng gian lm vic gi lin lc vi ngi lm vic bn trong v kp thi x l cc tnh hung nguy him c th xy ra. - Phi c lp tt c cc ngun nng lng ti khu vc lm vic trt hp, nh ngun in, nhit, c hc, cc cht kh/hi d chy n v kh c.v kha chc chn cc b phn ng/ct in ca thit b in c lin quan n khu vc lm vic v phi thc hin ni tip t thit b in, cc phn kim loi bn trong vng khng gian lm vic, ngn nga cc ngun nng lng trn c th xut hin tr li gy mt an ton cho khu vc lm vic. - Phi ngng ngay cng tc nu hm lng dng kh xung thp di mc cho php v ch n khi thc hin bin php ti lp hm lng xy ti khu vc lm vic v mc bnh thng mi c tip tc cng vic. - Trong qu trnh hn x v sa cha c th lm gim rt nhanh hm lng xy v pht sinh cc loi kh c, kh chy n trong khng gian trt hp, do bt buc phi s dng thit b o, gim st cc iu kin khng kh v thit b gim st phi pht ra tn hiu cnh bo mi khi hm lng cc thnh phn kh khng nm trong gii hn cho php. - S dng my b m hoc phng tin truyn tin gi lin lc vi ngi lm vic bn trong. Lp danh sch ghi nhn thi gian v s ngi vo/ra vi khng gian hn hp khi c s ngi vo lm vic t 3 ngi tr ln. - Ngi gim st v ngi lm vic phi nm r cc v tr in thoi gn nht, nt n ci bo ng v cch s dng chng trong trng hp khn cp.

IV. Cc cng vi c c n ti n hnh tr c khi lm vi c trong khng gian h n ch :

- Thc hin cc bin php cch ly: Thc hin cc bin php cch ly hay c lp khng gian hn ch nhm ngn chn cc tc ng t pha ngoi nh p sut, nhit hay cc ngun nng lng khc - Tin hnh o kh: Vic o kh phi c tin hnh bi ngi c o to, lun u tin dng cc bin php o t bn ngoi - nh gi ri ro: Mt bn nh gi ri ro cho cc bc tin hnh khi lm vic trong khng gian hn ch l bt buc (xem phn hng dn nh gi ri ro ti: y) - Kim sot cng vic bng h thng giy php lm vic: H thng giy php lm vic phi c tun th v tin hnh ng trnh t . Ngi ph trch an ton c trch nhim h tr v hng dn cng nh kim tra tng bc thc thi . - Ln k hoch ng cu trong trng hp khn cp: K hoch ng cu phi c tt c mi ngi lin quan ti cng vic thng qua . cc yu cu v thit b, h thng hay cc bin php ph tr trong bn k hoch phi c p ng y trc khi tin hnh cng vic - Chun b dng c v thit b cp cu trong trng hp khn cp: Cc loi dng c cp cu trong trng hp khn cp nh bnh th, dy cu nn, n, cng v cc thit b cu thng khc . - Ct c ngi trong coi ngoi ming l, li thot : ngi ny phi c k nng cp cu cng nh lin lc vi cc bn lin quan . Ngi ny khng c ri khi v tr khi cn bt c ai lm vic bn trong khng gian hn ch . Ngi ny cng c trch nhim ghi chp tn, thi gian ca tng ngi ra vo lm vic trong khng gian hn ch . - Cc dng c lm vic trong kng gian hn ch phi c xem xt , cc thit b d gy chy hoc pht n tuyt i khng c s dng. Nu lm vic trong mi trng tim n cht chy n th tt c cc dng c s dng phi khng gy tia la in hoc an ton tuyt i theo tiu chun phng chng chy n . (none sparkalbe and intrinsically safe) - Cc bin php kim sot chng sp, l hoc ngp nc phi lun c thc hin v theo di thng xuyn . Cng vic phi c dng ngay lp tc khi pht hin bt k mt thit b bo v no trc trc Cc yu c u khi ti n hnh cng vi c trong khng gian h n ch : Ngi thng trc lun c mt bn ngoi v gi lin lc vi ngi lm vic bn trong . Lun theo di nng kh c v Oxy Theo di nhit trong khu vc lm vic H thng chiu sng an ton, y Cc li thot lun sn sng H thng thng gi lun c m bo Lun kim sot vic s dng cc loi ha cht trong khu vc lm vic

V. K t Lu n: Vn ha an ton lun phi i t trn xung, nhng n lc thc hin li i t di ln. Thc vy, nu khng c s cam kt tuyt i t lnh o, mc tiu vn ha an ton khng tai nn s khng bao gi tr thnh hin thc. Lnh o y c ngha l tt c nhng ai c vai tr gim st trc tip v c kh nng lm thay i nhn thc ca ngi lao ng. Tuy nhin, trong an ton, mi ngi lao ng l ngi qun l trc tip hnh ng ca h, do cam kt hay hnh ng an ton ca mi c nhn l iu ht sc quan trng.
vic