9.3 & 9.

5
Polar & Rectangular Coordinates
Polar coordinates recording the position of
an object using the distance from a fixed
point and an angle made with a fixed ray.






Ex 1
Graph
( )
3
2,
2
7
1.5,
6
2, 240
o
t
t
| |
|
\ .
| |

|
\ .

Ex 2
Graph
r = 3




5
6
t
u =
Convert polar to rectangular
Rectangular: (x, y)

Polar (r, theta)

So:
cos
sin
x r
y r
u
u
=
=
Ex 3 convert
5
2,
6
(3, 270 )
t
| |

|
\ .
Convert Rectangular to Polar
( )
2 2
( , ) to r, :
arctan if x > 0
y
=arctan if x < 0
x
x y
r x y
y
x
u
u
u t
= +
=
+
Ex 4
find the polar coordinates of (2, -4)





( )
2, 2
Complex Number: a + bi
(rectangular form)
2
3
4
1
1
1
i
i
i i
i
=
=
=
=
Ex 5
i
53




i
-13

Ex 6
(-3 + 4i) + (4 5i)



(5 + 8i) (-3 + i)
Ex 7
(-2 + 4i)(-2 + 4i)
Ex 8
3
4 3
3 2
2 3
i
i
i
i
+