PROBLEM 1.72(d) KNOWN: Tungsten filament is heated to 2900 K in an air-filled glass bulb. FIND: Relevant heat transfer processes.

SCHEMATIC:

The relevant processes associated with the filament and bulb include: q rad,f Radiation emitted by the tungsten filament, a portion of which is transmitted through the glass, q conv,f
q rad,g,i

Free convection from filament to air of temperature Ta,i < Tf , Radiation emitted by inner surface of glass, a small portion of which is intercepted by the filament,

q conv,g,i q cond,g q conv,g,o

Free convection from air to inner glass surface of temperature Tg,i < Ta,i , Conduction through glass wall, Free convection from outer glass surface to room air of temperature
Ta,o < Tg,o , and

q rad,g-sur

Net radiation heat transfer between outer glass surface and surroundings, such as the walls of a room, of temperature Tsur < Tg,o .

COMMENTS: If the glass bulb is evacuated, no convection is present within the bulb; that is, q conv,f = q conv,g,i = 0.

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.